Clinical and laboratory characteristics of hepatitis d in Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

OBJECTIVE: Inrtroduction: The epidemiological situation for hepatitis D has changed significantly. Reduced population authors infection due to a sharp decline in hospitalizations from Central Asia regions, the Caucasus and Moldova, which are known to be endemic for hepatitis D. Currently, the incidence of chronic hepatitis D (HGD) in Russia is 1%, while in the countries of Central Asia, and in particular in Turkmenistan, the share of HGD among chronic viral hepatitis is 8%. The aim of research was to establish the clinical features, depending on the activity of the replication of hepatitis viruses B and D. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: We studied 26 patients with viral hepatitis D with a determined activity replicative virus by PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The age of patients ranged from 28 to 78 years. The patients performed the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) study for the presence of markers of parenteral viral hepatitis (HBsAg, a-HCV and a-HDV), the standard general clinical biochemical blood tests. of the instrumental methods survey used ultrasonography (ultrasound), EGD (fibrogastroduodenoscopy). Grading the severity of liver cirrhosis established by Child-Pugh (eng. Child-Pugh, Child-Turcotte, Child-Turcotte-Pugh, sometimes Child-Paquet) is designed to assess the severity of cirrhosis. The severity of liver cirrhosis is assessed on a point system, which are calculated from 5 or 6 parameters. RESULTS: Results: It is established that most HGD more prevalent among young people bodied (69%) and occurs mainly in severe symptoms and portal hypertension leading to the rapid development of liver cirrhosis (53%). It showed that hyperenzymemia reaches high levels of ALT to 1715 U / L. with a high viral DNA load virus (HBV) 2648226,0 ± 953892,7 copies / ml in the presence of an RNA virus D (HDV +). CONCLUSION: Conclusion: Thus, the main feature of chronic hepatitis D is its predominant tsirrogennost.

Lipid metabolism and feeding habits of indigenous peoples of the sakha republic (yakutia) in today's socio-economic development.

INTRODUCTION: By results of a single-step epidemiological research indicators of a lipid range at 355 Evenks of the Olenyoksky District of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are estimated. The aim of this research was assessment of lipid exchange and character of a delivery of Evenks of the item of Zhilinda. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 355 evenks aged over 20 years (170 men, women-185). Total cholesterol (OCHS), cholesterol (low-density lipoproteins (LDL-CHOLESTEROL), highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol ((XC-LVNP), triglycerides (TG), the calculated coefficient of haemoglobin (Ka). The measurement is taken at biochemical autoanalyzer Architest 80000 model Systems, firm Abbot (United States) generally accepted method. Food has been studied using questionnaire CYNDI. Results of the Lipid profile compared to the Evenks of Yakut and Russian population of the Republic's population has a high concentration of CS LPHD, low content of TG and haemoglobin index. Food Evenks is characterized by significant disbalance-» surveyed every day consume meat and fish every day consumes but 1/5 surveyed. the shortage of basic products is replaced with bread, pasta and sweets. CONCLUSION: The identified indicators of lipid range Evenks have more healthy than the Yakut. Nutrition Evenks departs from the traditional protein-lipid in carbohydrate-protein.

Analysis of undiagnosed tuberculosis-related deaths identified at post-mortem among HIV-infected patients in Russia: a descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis remains a serious public health threat and economic burden in Russia with escalating rates of drug resistance against a background of growing HIV-epidemic. Samara Oblast is one of the regions of the Russian Federation where more than 1% of the population is affected by the HIV-epidemic; almost half of the cases are concentrated in the largely-industrial city of Togliatti with a population of 800 000. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of errors leading to death of HIV-positive patients in general health care hospitals in Togliatti, Russia, in 2008. All (n = 29) cases when tuberculosis was established at autopsy as a cause of death were included. RESULTS: Median length of hospital stay was 20 days; in 11 cases the death occurred within the first 24 hours of admission. All cases were known to be HIV-positive prior to admission, however HAART was not initiated for any case, and no relevant tests to assess severity of immunosupression were performed despite their availability. No appropriate diagnostic algorithms were applied to confirm tuberculosis. Major gaps were identified in the work of hospital and consulting physicians including insufficient records keeping. In almost all patients earlier regular HIV-relevant tests were not performed due to poor compliance of patients, many of whom abused alcohol and drugs. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that introduction of prompt and accurate diagnostics tests, adequate treatment protocols and intensive training of physicians in management of AIDS and TB is vital. This should include reviewing standards of care for HIV-positive individuals with accompanying social problems.

Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis C and syphilis among injecting drug users in Russia: a multi-city study.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis in injecting drug users (IDUs) in Russia. METHODS: Unlinked anonymous cross-sectional survey of 1473 IDUs recruited from non-treatment settings in Moscow, Volgograd and Barnaul (Siberia), with oral fluid sample collection for HIV, HCV antibody (anti-HIV, anti-HCV) and syphilis testing. RESULTS: Prevalence of antibody to HIV was 14% in Moscow, 3% in Volgograd and 9% in Barnaul. HCV prevalence was 67% in Moscow, 70% in Volgograd and 54% in Barnaul. Prevalence of positive syphilis serology was 8% in Moscow, 20% in Volgograd and 6% in Barnaul. Half of those HIV positive and a third of those HCV positive were unaware of their positive status. Common risk factors associated with HIV and HCV infection across the cities included both direct and indirect sharing of injecting equipment and injection of home-produced drugs. Among environmental risk factors, we found increased odds of anti-HIV associated with being in prison in Moscow, and some association between official registration as a drug user and anti-HIV and anti-HCV. No associations were found between sexual risk behaviours and anti-HIV in any city. CONCLUSIONS: HIV prevalence among IDUs was markedly higher than city routine surveillance data suggests and at potentially critical levels in terms of HIV prevention in two cities. HCV prevalence was high in all cities. Syphilis prevalence highlights the potential for sexual risk and sexual HIV transmission. Despite large-scale testing programmes, knowledge of positive status was poor. The scaling-up of harm reduction for IDUs in Russia, including sexual risk reduction, is an urgent priority.