Multivessel coronary artery disease: atheroma progression and dynamic component.

Multivessel or multisegment spasm in patients with known widespread coronary atherosclerotic disease is an infrequent occurrence. We describe a prolonged spasm of both the left main and the left anterior descending artery in a patient with chronic effort angina and multivessel coronary artery disease, who previously underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and drug eluting stents implantation. The patient complained of episodes of angina and palpitations, mainly at rest. Exercise stress test resulted positive in therapeutic wash-out. Coronary angiography was performed which showed: 80% stenosis in the proximal segment of the Left Main (LM) and the mid Left Anterior Descending artery (LAD), 90% stenosis of the Posterior Descending Artery (PDA); there was no angiographic evidence of instent restenosis in the previously stented segments. Coronary Artery By-pass Graft (CABG) was proposed, but the patient refused surgery. Reperfusion strategy included coronary angioplasty of the LM and the LAD. Before the procedure, in the presence of ischemic EKG changes, nitrates were infused in the left coronary artery with resolution of both the LM and LAD stenoses. However, intracoronary nitrates in the right coronary artery did not resolve the PDA stenosis. The patient underwent angioplasty and stenting of the PDA alone. Selective spasm involving two anatomically different segments is rare. The left main location is critical since it can lead to unnecessary coronary artery by-pass. Intracoronary nitrates should be administered before invasive strategies are advised.

[Study on prevalence of upper and lower airways disorders in woodworkers, using data from medical surveillance reports and exposure registers]. / Indagine sulla presenza di alterazioni delle vie respiratorie superiori ed inferiori in esposti a polveri di legno, utilizzando i dati della sorveglianza sanitaria e dei registri di esposizione.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate correlations between exposure to wood dust, upper airways symptoms and lung function. METHODS: We have analysed medical surveillance reports of 197 woodworkers with a median wood dust TWA exposure of 2.1 mg/m3. Every worker was examined by an otorhinolaryngologist and had a spirometric test. The results have been analysed with logistic regression to correlate prevalence of symptoms and spirometric data with occupational exposure to wood dust, length of service, regular use of respiratory protection and smoking habits. RESULTS: Epistaxis (prevalence: 10.1%) correlates with no smoking habits (OR = 6.4; p = 0.01); subacute or chronic rhinitis (prevalence: 41.6%) correlates with exposure to wood dust (O = 1.37; p = 0.01) and no use of respirstory protection (OR = 1.68; p = 0.09); subacute or chronic pharyngitis (prevalence: 17.2%) has a weak but significant correlation with length of service (OR = 1.03; p = 0.05); decrease in FEF25-75 (prevalence: 19.8%) correlates with no use of respiratory protection (OR = 2.56; p = 0.02) and exposure to wood dust (OR = 1.29; p = 0.09); pathologic decrease of VC (prevalence: 5.1%) correlates with exposure to wood dust (OR = 1.69; p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: this study seems to confirm that chronic irritation of upper and lower respiratory tract are caused by exposure to wood dust below the european 8 hours exposure legal limit of 5 mg/m3.