Challenges encountered by human immunodeficiency virus positive pregnant women on taking antiretrovirals in a public health unit of the Manzini region, Swaziland.

In Swaziland, the Ministry of Health adopted the prevention of mother-to-transmission (PMTCT) Option A as a feasible and less costly way to expand the PMTCT services nationwide. Despite major success since the programme started, some barriers, such as the challenge of follow-up care for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive pregnant mothers still exist. The present study aimed to describe the challenges that HIV-positive pregnant mothers encountered on taking antiretrovirals (ARVs) in a health unit of the Manzini region, Swaziland. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research design was used, and data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews and field notes. Purposive sampling was used to select the study site and the population. Permission was requested from the participants to record the interviews. The study population were HIV-positive pregnant mothers, aged between 18 and 40 years, which were enrolled in the PMTCT B+ programme. The PMTCT B+ programme was perceived as preventing the transfer of HIV transmission from mother to child. It boosts the mother's immune system, prevents opportunistic infections and prolongs life. Challenges of taking ARVs emerged as a theme. The participants displayed knowledge and understanding of the programme, yet discrimination and no support from families and partners were mentioned.

HIV Positive Pregnant Mothers' Perceptions and Experiences Regarding the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission, Option B+ Program.

Background: eSwatini is a small population-sized sub-Sahara African country characterized by its highest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence globally. The prevalence of HIV among pregnant women is above 40%. In the past decade, the Government of eSwatini has demonstrated a high level of commitment to virally suppress HIV spread among its population. This study explored the perceptions and experiences of HIV-positive pregnant mothers regarding the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) Option B+ program in order to discuss and address the gaps in the health system. Methods: Qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive research design was used. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and field notes. Data was gathered from all cases of HIV-positive pregnant mothers enrolled at a Public Health Unit. Results: Seventeen pregnant women aged between 18 and 40 years participated. Findings revealed that the Option B+ program was positively perceived as preventing HIV from mother-to-child. It boosts the immune system, deters opportunistic infections, and prolongs life. Knowledge and understanding of the program were displayed despite challenges such as discrimination and no support from families. Conclusion: PMTCT Option B+ intervention was found to be effective in reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Gaps between women and men about HIV and antiretroviral therapy need to be addressed through target messaging and stigmatization discussions so that men are encouraged to disclose their HIV status. Improving access to antiretroviral and retention of women on treatment can further reduce vertical HIV infection transmission.