Effect of Spinal Correction Surgery on Lower Limb Strength in Idiopathic Adolescent Scoliosis.

Objectives To analyze the lower limb strength in both untreated and surgically treated adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients and examine its correlation with the distance covered in a six-minute walking test (6MWT). Methods A total of 88 participants (n = 30 pre-surgery AIS patients, n = 30 post-surgical AIS patients, and n = 28 control) underwent a 6MWT and a muscle strength assessment. The lower limb strength was measured at the knee joint using the knee extension (KE) and knee flexion (KF) peak torque (PT) measurements. Results The control group covered a greater distance in the TC6 compared to both the pre-surgical (534 ± 67 m) and post-surgical (541 ± 69 m) groups, with a distance of 612 ± 70 m (p < 0.001). No differences were observed in KE PT (pre: 2.1 ± 0.63, post: 2.1 ± 0.7, control: 2.2 ± 0.7 Nm.kg -1 , p = 0.67) or KF PT (pre: 1.0 ± 0.3, post: 1.1 ± 0.3, control: 1.1 ± 0.5 Nm.kg -1 , p = 0.46). A moderate positive correlation was observed between KE PT and 6MWT distance (r = 0.53, p < 0.001), as well as a low positive correlation for KF PT (r = 0.37, p = 0.003) with 6MWT distance. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of lower limb maximal strength in the functionality of AIS patients. Our findings suggest that exercise programs aimed at enhancing lower limb strength, especially the KE, could improve the walking capacity of AIS patients. These results provide useful information for designing purposeful exercise programs for AIS patients with walking deficits.

Effect of Spinal Correction Surgery on Lower Limb Strength in Idiopathic Adolescent Scoliosis / Efeito da cirurgia de correção da coluna vertebral na força dos membros inferiores na escoliose idiopática do adolescente

Abstract Objectives To analyze the lower limb strength in both untreated and surgically treated adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients and examine its correlation with the distance covered in a six-minute walking test (6MWT). Methods A total of 88 participants (n = 30 pre-surgery AIS patients, n = 30 postsurgical AIS patients, and n = 28 control) underwent a 6MWT and a muscle strength assessment. The lower limb strength was measured at the knee joint using the knee extension (KE) and knee flexion (KF) peak torque (PT) measurements. Results The control group covered a greater distance in the TC6 compared to both the pre-surgical (534 ± 67 m) and post-surgical (541 ± 69 m) groups, with a distance of 612 ± 70 m (p < 0.001). No differences were observed in KE PT (pre: 2.1 ± 0.63, post: 2.1 ± 0.7, control: 2.2 ± 0.7 Nm.kg-1, p = 0.67) or KF PT (pre: 1.0 ± 0.3, post: 1.1 ± 0.3, control: 1.1 ± 0.5 Nm.kg-1, p = 0.46). A moderate positive correlation was observed between KE PT and 6MWT distance (r = 0.53, p < 0.001), as well as a low positive correlation for KF PT (r = 0.37, p = 0.003) with 6MWT distance. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of lower limb maximal strength in the functionality of AIS patients. Our findings suggest that exercise programs aimed at enhancing lower limb strength, especially the KE, could improve the walking capacity of AIS patients. These results provide useful information for designing purposeful exercise programs for AIS patients with walking deficits.

Resumo Objetivos Analisar a força dos membros inferiores em pacientes com escoliose idiopática do adolescente (EIA) submetidos ou não ao tratamento cirúrgico e examinar sua correlação com a distância percorrida em um teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6). Métodos Um total de 88 participantes (n = 30 pacientes com EIA pré-operatório, n = 30 pacientes com EIA pós-operatório e n = 28 controles) foram submetidos ao 6MWT e à avaliação da força muscular. A força dos membros inferiores foi medida na articulação do joelho usando os valores de pico de torque (PT) de extensão do joelho (EJ) e flexão do joelho (FJ). Resultados O grupo controle percorreu uma distância maior no TC6 em comparação aos grupos pré-operatório (534 ± 67 m) e pós-operatório (541 ± 69 m), com distância de 612 ± 70 m (p < 0,001). Não foram observadas diferenças em PT EJ (pré: 2,1 ± 0,63, pós: 2,1 ±0,7, controle: 2,2±0,7 Nm.kg-1, p = 0,67) ou PT FJ (pré: 1,0±0,3, pós: 1,1 ±0,3, controle: 1,1 ±0,5 Nm.kg-1, p = 0,46). Houve uma correlação positiva moderada entre PT EJ e a distância do TC6 (r = 0,53, p<0,001), assim como uma correlação positiva baixa entre PT FJ (r = 0,37, p = 0,003) e a distância do TC6. Conclusão Este estudo destaca a importância da força máxima dos membros inferiores na funcionalidade de pacientes com EIA. Nossos achados sugerem que programas de exercícios destinados a aumentar a força dos membros inferiores, especialmente de EJ, podem melhorar a capacidade de caminhada de pacientes com EIA. Esses resultados fornecem informações úteis para o projeto de programas de exercícios intencionais para pacientes com EIA e déficits de marcha.

Cardiorespiratory function of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis / Função cardiorrespiratória de pacientes com escoliose idiopática do adolescente / Función cardiorrespiratoria de pacientes con escoliosis idiopática del adolescente

ABSTRACT Objective: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a spinal deformity that can cause cardiorespiratory dysfunction, contributing to decreases in tolerance for aerobic exercise (TAE) and in functionality. The objective is to assess the TAE and lung capacity of patients who underwent corrective AIS surgery in the pre- (PRE) and postoperative (POST) periods. Methods: Sixty individuals, PRE (n=30, age: 18.5±2.4 years) and POST (n=30, age: 24.5±4.5 years), participated in the study. The forced vital capacity (FVC), the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and the FEV1/FVC ratio, as well as the maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure were verified. The TAE was assessed by the distance travelled in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), together with blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and peripheral oxygen saturation measured at the beginning and at the end of the test. Results: A mild restrictive pattern in lung function and reduced expiratory muscle strength were observed in both groups, but with no difference between the PRE and POST groups. No difference was found between the PRE (534±67.1 m) and POST (541± 69.5 m) groups for the distance travelled in the 6MWT, though both were below the predicted percentage (82.8±10.0% and 84.8±10.9%, respectively). Hemodynamic and respiratory changes caused by the 6MWT were observed, except for the peripheral oxygen saturation. Conclusion: The results suggest that even after surgical correction, patients with AIS continue to have low TAE. Level of evidence III; Therapeutics Study - Investigation of Treatment Results / Case-control study.

RESUMO Objetivo: A escoliose idiopática do adolescente (EIA) é uma deformidade da coluna que pode ocasionar disfunções cardiorrespiratórias, contribuindo para a diminuição da tolerância ao exercício aeróbio (TEA) e da funcionalidade. O objetivo é avaliar a TEA e a capacidade pulmonar em pacientes no pré (PRÉ) e pós-operatório (PÓS) de correção da EIA. Métodos: Participaram 60 indivíduos PRÉ (n = 30, idade: 18,5 ± 2,4 anos) e PÓS (n = 30, idade: 24,5 ± 4,5 anos). A capacidade vital forçada (CVF), o volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) e a razão VEF1/CVF, assim como as pressões inspiratória e expiratória máximas, foram verificados. A TEA foi avaliada pela distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6), acompanhado de medidas de pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória e saturação periférica de oxigênio no início e no final do teste. Resultados: Um padrão restritivo leve na função pulmonar e força da musculatura expiratória reduzida foram observados em ambos os grupos, mas sem diferença entre PRÉ e PÓS. Não foi encontrada diferença entre PRÉ (534 ± 67,1 m) e PÓS (541 ± 69,5 m) para a distância percorrida no TC6, abaixo do predito para ambos os grupos (82,8 ± 10,0% e 84,8 ± 10,9%, respectivamente). Foram observadas alterações hemodinâmicas e respiratórias provocadas pelo TC6, exceto para a saturação periférica de oxigênio. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que mesmo após a correção cirúrgica os pacientes com EIA continuam apresentando baixa TEA. Nível de evidência III; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos Resultados do Tratamento / Estudo de caso-controle.

RESUMEN Objetivo: La escoliosis idiopática del adolescente (EIA) es una deformidad de la columna que puede causar disfunciones cardiorrespiratorias, contribuyendo para la disminución de la tolerancia al ejercicio aeróbico (TEA) y de la funcionalidad. El objetivo es evaluar la TEA y la capacidad pulmonar en pacientes en el pre (PRE) y postoperatorio (POS) de corrección de la EIA. Métodos: Participaron 60 individuos PRE (n=30, edad: 18,5±2,4 años) y POS (n=30, edad: 24,5±4,5 años). Fueron verificadas la capacidad vital forzada (CVF), el volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (VEF1) y la razón VEF1/CVF, así como las presiones inspiratoria y espiratoria máximas. La TEA fue evaluada por la distancia recorrida en el test de caminata de 6 minutos (TC6), acompañado de mediciones de presión arterial, frecuencia cardíaca, frecuencia respiratoria y saturación de oxígeno al inicio y al final del test. Resultados: Fueron observados un patrón restrictivo leve y fuerza muscular espiratoria reducida en ambos grupos, pero sin diferencia entre PRE y POS. No fue encontrada diferencia entre PRE (534 ± 67,1 m) y POS (541 ± 69,5 m) para la distancia recorrida en el TC6, por debajo de los predicho para ambos grupos (82,8 ± 10,0% y 84,8 ± 10,9%, respectivamente). Se observaron alteraciones hemodinámicas y respiratorias provocadas por el TC6, excepto para la saturación periférica de oxígeno. Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que incluso después de la corrección quirúrgica, los pacientes con EIA continúan presentando baja TEA. Nivel de evidencia III; Estudios Terapéuticos - Investigación de los Resultados del Tratamiento / Estudio de caso-control.

Prevalence and characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome in Brazilian women: protocol for a nation-wide case-control study.

INTRODUCTION: Brazil is a large country, with a population of mixed ethnic background and broad variation in dietary and physical activity traits across its five main regions. Because data on Brazilian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are still scarce, a nation-wide collaborative study was designed to determine the prevalence of metabolic and reproductive abnormalities and the presence of anxiety and depression in Brazilian women with PCOS. In addition, the study aims at describing how these characteristics are distributed across PCOS phenotypes and at detecting associations with regional demographic and lifestyle aspects, genetic variants, and epigenetic markers. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The Brazilian PCOS study is being conducted in the outpatient clinics of eight university hospitals within the public healthcare network (Unified Health System) across the country. Additional centres will be included following completion of the research ethics approval process. The sample includes women with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria at inclusion in the study and a control group of healthy women matched by age, socioeconomic status and geographical region. Data will be collected in each centre and incorporated into a unified cloud database. Clinical, demographic, socioeconomic, psychological, metabolic, epigenetic and genotypic variables will be evaluated. The data resulting from this study will be useful to guide specific public strategies for primary and secondary prevention of metabolic and reproductive comorbidities in the PCOS population of Brazil. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol was approved by each local Research Ethics Committee. Written informed consent will be obtained from each participant. During data collection, analysis and publication, care will be taken to ensure confidentiality of participant information. Study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at international conferences. This research protocol was registered with the Research Ethics Committee of HCPA, through Plataforma Brasil. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CAAE 18082413.9.1001.5327.

Testosterone therapy for women with low sexual desire: a position statement from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize current evidence regarding testosterone treatment for women with low sexual desire. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Female Endocrinology and Andrology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism invited nine experts to review the physiology of testosterone secretion and the use, misuse, and side effects of exogenous testosterone therapy in women, based on the available literature and guidelines and statements from international societies. RESULTS: Low sexual desire is a common complaint in clinical practice, especially in postmenopausal women, and may negatively interfere with quality of life. Testosterone seems to exert a positive effect on sexual desire in women with sexual dysfunction, despite a small magnitude of effect, a lack of long-term safety data, and insufficient evidence to make a broad recommendation for testosterone therapy. Furthermore, there are currently no testosterone formulations approved for women by the relevant regulatory agencies in the United States, Brazil, and most other countries, and testosterone formulations approved for men are not recommended for use by women. CONCLUSION: Therefore, testosterone therapy might be considered if other strategies fail, but the risks and benefits must be discussed with the patient before prescription. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2019;63(3):190-8.

Testosterone therapy for women with low sexual desire: a position statement from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism

ABSTRACT Objective To summarize current evidence regarding testosterone treatment for women with low sexual desire. Materials and methods The Female Endocrinology and Andrology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism invited nine experts to review the physiology of testosterone secretion and the use, misuse, and side effects of exogenous testosterone therapy in women, based on the available literature and guidelines and statements from international societies. Results Low sexual desire is a common complaint in clinical practice, especially in postmenopausal women, and may negatively interfere with quality of life. Testosterone seems to exert a positive effect on sexual desire in women with sexual dysfunction, despite a small magnitude of effect, a lack of long-term safety data, and insufficient evidence to make a broad recommendation for testosterone therapy. Furthermore, there are currently no testosterone formulations approved for women by the relevant regulatory agencies in the United States, Brazil, and most other countries, and testosterone formulations approved for men are not recommended for use by women. Conclusion Therefore, testosterone therapy might be considered if other strategies fail, but the risks and benefits must be discussed with the patient before prescription. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2019;63(3):190-8

Effect of UGT1A1, UGT1A3, DIO1 and DIO2 polymorphisms on L-thyroxine doses required for TSH suppression in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

AIM: To evaluate the impact of genetic polymorphisms in uridine 5'-glucuronosylytansferases UGT1A1 and UGT1A3 and iodothyronine-deiodinases types 1 and 2 on levothyroxine (T4 ; 3,5,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine) dose requirement for suppression of thyrotropin (TSH) secretion in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). METHODS: Patients (n = 268) submitted to total thyroidectomy and ablation by (131) I, under T4 therapy for at least 6 months were recruited in three public institutions in Brazil. Multivariate regression modelling was applied to assess the association of T4 dosing with polymorphisms in UGT1A1 (rs8175347), UGT1A3 (rs3806596 and rs1983023), DIO1 (rs11206244 and rs2235544) and DIO2 (rs225014 and rs12885300), demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: A regression model including UGT1A haplotypes, age, gender, body weight and serum TSH concentration accounted for 39% of the inter-individual variation in the T4 dosage. The association of T4 dose with UGT1A haplotype is attributed to reduced UGT1A1 expression and T4 glucuronidation in liver of carriers of low expression UGT1A1 rs8175347 alleles. The DIO1 and DIO2 genotypes had no influence of T4 dosage. CONCLUSION: UGT1A haplotypes associate with T4 dosage in DTC patients, but the effect accounts for only 2% of the total variability and recommendation of pre-emptive UGT1A genotyping is not warranted.

[Menopause and metabolic syndrome]. / Menopausa e síndrome metabólica.

The incidence of cardiovascular disease increases considerably after the menopause. One reason for the increased cardiovascular risk seems to be determined by metabolic syndrome, in which all components (visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and glucose metabolism disorder) are associated with higher incidence of coronary artery disease. After menopause, metabolic syndrome is more prevalent than in premenopausal women, and may plays an important role in the occurrence of myocardial infarction and other atherosclerotic and cardiovascular morbidities. Obesity, an essential component of the metabolic syndrome, is also associated with increased incidence of breast, endometrial, bowel, esophagus, and kidney cancer. The treatment of metabolic syndrome is based on the change in lifestyle and, when necessary, the use of medication directed to its components. In the presence of symptoms of the climacteric syndrome, hormonal therapy, when indicated, will also contribute to the improvement of the metabolic syndrome.

Menopausa e síndrome metabólica / Menopause and metabolic syndrome

A incidência de doença cardiovascular aumenta consideravelmente após a menopausa. Um dos motivos para o crescente risco cardiovascular parece ser determinado pela síndrome metabólica, da qual todos os componentes (obesidade visceral, dislipidemia, hipertensão arterial e distúrbio do metabolismo glicídico) se associam à maior incidência de coronariopatia. Após a menopausa, a síndrome metabólica é mais prevalente do que na pré-menopausa, podendo ter importante papel na ocorrência de infarto do miocárdio e outras morbidades ateroscleróticas e cardiovasculares. A obesidade, componente primordial da síndrome metabólica, se associa ainda ao aumento da incidência de câncer de mama, endométrio, intestino, esôfago e rim. O tratamento da síndrome metabólica se baseia na mudança de hábitos de vida e, quando necessário, no emprego de medicação dirigida aos seus componentes. Na presença de sintomas de síndrome do climatério, a terapia hormonal, quando indicada, concorrerá também para a melhora da síndrome metabólica.

The incidence of cardiovascular disease increases considerably after the menopause. One reason for the increased cardiovascular risk seems to be determined by metabolic syndrome, in which all components (visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and glucose metabolism disorder) are associated with higher incidence of coronary artery disease. After menopause, metabolic syndrome is more prevalent than in premenopausal women, and may plays an important role in the occurrence of myocardial infarction and other atherosclerotic and cardiovascular morbidities. Obesity, an essential component of the metabolic syndrome, is also associated with increased incidence of breast, endometrial, bowel, esophagus, and kidney cancer. The treatment of metabolic syndrome is based on the change in lifestyle and, when necessary, the use of medication directed to its components. In the presence of symptoms of the climacteric syndrome, hormonal therapy, when indicated, will also contribute to the improvement of the metabolic syndrome.

[Evaluation of TSH cutoff value in blood-spot samples in neonatal screening for the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism in the Programa "Primeiros Passos" - IEDE/RJ]. / Avaliação do valor de corte de TSH em amostras de filtro na triagem neonatal para diagnóstico de hipotireoidismo congênito no Programa "Primeiros Passos" - IEDE/RJ.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the confirmed or not-confirmed cases of neonatal screening (CH) screened in the Programa "Primeiros Passos", stratifying them into TSH blood-spot (TSH-BS) ranges. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To stratify, in ranges of TSH-BS as a function of TSH serum (TSH-S), the cases called for a confirmatory test from January, 2006 to July, 2009. RESULTS: Around 37% of the confirmed cases (475) showed TSH-F > 9.5 mUi/L, but most of the confirmed cases were in lower TSH-F ranges. Among the unconfirmed cases (4,613), most were found in the lower ranges. There was no TSH-F range exclusive to unconfirmed cases. CONCLUSION: TSH-BS cutoff value used is crucial in the diagnosis of CH and should be low, even if more confirmatory tests are performed. More studies are needed to determine the best cutoff value of TSH-BS for neonatal screening.

Avaliação do valor de corte de TSH em amostras de filtro na triagem neonatal para diagnóstico de hipotireoidismo congênito no Programa "Primeiros Passos" - IEDE/RJ / Evaluation of TSH cutoff value in blood-spot samples in neonatal screening for the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism in the Programa "Primeiros Passos" - IEDE/RJ

OBJETIVO: Analisar casos de hipotireoidismo congênito (HC) confirmados ou não, triados pelo Programa "Primeiros Passos", estratificando-os em faixas de TSH em filtro (TSH-F). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estratificar, em faixas de TSH-F em função do TSH em soro (TSH-S), os casos convocados para teste confirmatório de janeiro/2006 a julho/2009. RESULTADOS: Cerca de 37% dos casos confirmados (475) apresentaram TSH-F > 9,5 mUi/L, mas a maioria dos casos confirmados estava nas faixas de TSH-F mais baixas. Entre os casos não confirmados (4.613), a maior parte se encontrava nas faixas mais baixas. Não houve faixa de TSH-F exclusiva dos casos não confirmados. CONCLUSÃO: O valor de corte do TSH-F utilizado é fundamental no diagnóstico do HC e deve ser baixo, mesmo que sejam realizados mais testes confirmatórios. Mais estudos são necessários para determinar o melhor valor de corte de TSH-F para triagem neonatal.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the confirmed or not-confirmed cases of neonatal screening (CH) screened in the Programa "Primeiros Passos", stratifying them into TSH blood-spot (TSH-BS) ranges. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To stratify, in ranges of TSH-BS as a function of TSH serum (TSH-S), the cases called for a confirmatory test from January, 2006 to July, 2009. RESULTS: Around 37% of the confirmed cases (475) showed TSH-F > 9.5 mUi/L, but most of the confirmed cases were in lower TSH-F ranges. Among the unconfirmed cases (4,613), most were found in the lower ranges. There was no TSH-F range exclusive to unconfirmed cases. CONCLUSION: TSH-BS cutoff value used is crucial in the diagnosis of CH and should be low, even if more confirmatory tests are performed. More studies are needed to determine the best cutoff value of TSH-BS for neonatal screening.

Determination of insulin-like growth factor-I reference values using an immunoradiometric assay in a Brazilian adult population.

BACKGROUND: Serum levels of total insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) reflect endogenous growth hormone (GH) secretion in healthy adults, which makes it a good diagnostic marker for screening of GH-related disorders. Studies also have supported a possible relation between IGF-I levels and the risk and prognostic for some malignancies, besides a relation between IGF-I levels and mortality. OBJECTIVE: As the determination of the IGF-I normal values for local populations is strongly desired, the aim of this investigation was to determine reference values for IGF-I using an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) in an adult Brazilian population of Rio de Janeiro city, since there is no other study using this methodology in Brazilian population, and that this method is widely used in Brazil and worldwide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included samples of blood taken from 484 healthy subjects (251 men and 233 women) aged 18-70. The subjects agreed with this study, approved by the Ethical Committee of the Instituto Estadual de Hematologia Arthur de Siqueira Cavalcanti, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The samples were analyzed using a Diagnostic System Laboratories kit. For data analysis, age- and sex-specific figures were fitted after transformation of IGF-I values. RESULTS: In adulthood, a slow age-dependent decrease was found. There was no significant difference in IGF-I values between men and women. CONCLUSION: This study established age-specific IGF-I reference values, for a healthy Brazilian adult population, determined by a widely IGF-I, IRMA used currently in Brazil.

Association of the UGT1A1-53(TA)n polymorphism with L-thyroxine doses required for thyrotropin suppression in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

There is a considerable interindividual variation in L-thyroxine [3,5,3',5'-tetraiodo-l-thyronine (T4)] dose required for thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone) suppression in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. To investigate whether uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)-mediated T4 glucuronidation in liver affects T4 dose, we genotyped 101 patients for the common UGT1A1-53(TA)n polymorphism and compared T4 doses among patients having zero (5/6 and 6/6 genotypes), one (6/7 genotype), or two (7/7 and 7/8 genotypes) copies of the low-expression (TA)7 and (TA)8 alleles. A significant trend for decreasing T4 dose with increasing number of copies of (TA)7 and (TA)8 (P=0.037) and significant difference in T4 dose across the UGT1A1-53(TA)n genotypes (P=0.048) were observed, despite considerable overlap of T4 doses among different genotypes. These results are consistent with reduced T4 glucuronidation in patients with low-expression (TA)7 and (TA)8 alleles and provide the first evidence for association between UGT1A1-53(TA)n and T4-dose requirement for thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression in a natural clinical setting.

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF UNSTABLE PELVIC RING FRACTURE IN SKELETALLY IMMATURE PATIENTS.

OBJECTIVES: To present the outcomes from definitive surgical treatment for unstable fractures of the pelvic ring in children undergoing surgical reduction and stabilization. METHODS: We studied 10 patients with immature skeletons who suffered unstable fractures of the pelvic ring and were treated between March 2004 and January 2008. The study was retrospective, based on clinical and radiographic evaluations. RESULTS: The mean age at the time of the trauma was 8.8 years (2 to 13 years). Seven patients were female and three was male. There were eight cases of trauma caused by being run over, and one case each of a motorcycle accident and falling from a height. Five patients had other associated injuries such as fractures of the clavicle, femoral diaphysis, proximal humerus, lower leg bones, olecranon and bladder injury. All the patients evaluated showed an excellent clinical outcome. The pelvic asymmetry before surgery ranged from 0.7 to 2.9 cm (mean 1.45 cm), and dropped to values between 0.2 and 0.9 cm (mean 0.39 cm) after reduction. In no case was any change observed in pelvic asymmetry measured in the immediate postoperative period and at the end of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Pelvic ring fractures in skeletally immature patients are rare and surgical treatment is unusual. Several authors have questioned conservative treatment because of the complications encountered. Bone remodeling does not seem enough to cause an improvement in pelvic asymmetry, and this justifies the choice of surgical treatment for reduction and correction of pelvic ring deformities.

Tratamento cirúrgico da fratura instável do anel pélvico em pacientes esqueleticamente imaturos / Surgical treatment of unstable pelvic ring fracture in skeletally immature patients

OBJETIVO: Apresentar o resultado do tratamento cirúrgico definitivo da fratura instável do anel pélvico na criança submetida a redução e estabilização cirúrgica. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos 10 pacientes com esqueleto imaturo que sofreram fraturas instáveis do anel pélvico tratados cirurgicamente no período entre março de 2004 a janeiro de 2008. O estudo foi retrospectivo, baseado na avaliação clínica e radiográfica. RESULTADOS: A média etária na época do trauma foi de 8,8 anos (dois a 13 anos), sendo sete do sexo feminino e três do sexo masculino. As causas dos traumas foram atropelamento em oito casos, e acidente com motocicleta e queda de altura em um caso cada. Cinco pacientes apresentavam lesões associadas, como fraturas da clavícula, diáfise do fêmur, úmero proximal, ossos da perna, olecrânio e lesão de bexiga. Todos os pacientes avaliados apresentaram excelente evolução clínica. A assimetria pélvica antes do procedimento cirúrgico variava de 0,7 a 2,9cm (média 1,45cm), e caiu para valores entre 0,2 a 0,9cm (média 0,39cm) após a redução. Em nenhum dos casos houve alteração da assimetria pélvica medida no pós-operatório imediato e no fim do seguimento. CONCLUSÃO: A fratura do anel pélvico em pacientes esqueleticamente imaturos é rara e a indicação de tratamento cirúrgico não é usual. Diversos autores questionam o tratamento conservador devido às complicações encontradas. A remodelação óssea não parece suficiente para que ocorra uma melhora da assimetria pélvica, fator que justifica a opção pelo tratamento cirúrgico para a redução e correção das deformidades do anel pélvico.

OBJECTIVES: To present the outcome of the definitive surgical treatment of unstable fracture of the pelvic ring in children submitted to surgical reduction and stabilization. METHODS: We studied 10 patients with immature skeletons that suffered unstable fractures of the pelvic ring treated during the period between March 2004 and January 2008. The study was retrospective, based on clinical and radiographic evaluations. RESULTS: The mean age at the time of trauma was 8.8 years (2 to 13 years). Seven patients were female and three male. The cause of the trauma was being run over in eight cases, and one case each of a motorcycle accident and falling from a height. Five patients had other associated injuries such as fractures of the clavicle, femur diaphysis, proximal humerus, fibula, olecranon, and bladder injury. All patients showed an excellent clinical outcome. The pelvic asymmetry before surgery ranged from 0.7 to 2.9 cm (mean 1.45 cm), and dropped to values between 0.2 and 0.9 cm (mean 0.39 cm) after reduction. In no cases was a change observed in pelvic asymmetry measured in the immediate postoperative period and at the end of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Pelvic ring fractures in skeletally immature patients is rare and surgical treatment is not usual. Several authors have questioned conservative treatment due to the complications encountered. Bone remodeling is not enough to improve pelvic asymmetry, a factor that justifies the choice of surgical treatment for the reduction and correction of pelvic ring deformities.