Spatial analysis of female intentional homicides. / Análise espacial dos homicídios intencionais de mulheres.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics and spatial distribution of female intentional homicides, according to the regional health offices, in a state in the Northeast Region of Brazil. METHOD: This is an ecological study that had the municipality and regional health offices as units of analysis and used data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System. Mortality rates were calculated and smoothed by the local empirical Bayesian method. To identify the existence of spatial autocorrelation, the Moran's index was used. RESULTS: A total of 1,144 homicides were reported, with an average rate of 6.2/100,000 women. For all regional health offices, the 10-39 age group, black race/skin color, and single marital status prevailed. The homicides took place in public spaces. The days of the week with the highest records were Saturday and Sunday and the months of the year December, January, February, and June. The global Moran's index was 0.6 (p = 0.01). Clusters of municipalities with high homicide rates were identified in regional health offices III and IV. CONCLUSIONS: The homicide victims were young, black, and single. The spatial analysis found critical areas of homicide occurrence, which are a priority for actions to prevent violence against women.

Análise espacial dos homicídios intencionais de mulheres / Análisis espacial de los homicidios intencionales de mujeres / Spatial analysis of female intentional homicides

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar as características e a distribuição espacial dos homicídios intencionais de mulheres, de acordo com as regionais de saúde, em um estado da Região Nordeste do Brasil. Método Estudo ecológico que teve o município e as regiões de saúde como unidades de análise e usou dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Calcularam-se as taxas de mortalidade, que foram suavizadas pelo método bayesiano empírico local. Para identificação da existência de autocorrelação espacial, utilizou-se o índice de Moran. Resultados Registraram-se 1.144 homicídios, com taxa média de 6,2/100.000 mulheres. Para todas as regiões de saúde prevaleceram a faixa etária de 10 a 39 anos, a raça/cor negra e a situação conjugal solteira. Os homicídios ocorreram em via pública. Os dias da semana com maiores registros foram sábado e domingo e os meses do ano dezembro, janeiro, fevereiro e junho. O índice de Moran global foi de 0,6 (p = 0,01). Identificaram-se clusters de municípios com altas taxas de homicídios nas III e IV regiões de saúde. Conclusões As vítimas de homicídios eram jovens, negras e solteiras. A análise espacial localizou áreas críticas de ocorrência de homicídios, que são prioritárias para as ações de prevenção da violência contra as mulheres.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar las características y la distribución espacial de los homicidios intencionales de mujeres, de acuerdo con las regionales de salud, en una provincia de la Región Noreste de Brasil. Método Estudio ecológico que utilizó el municipio y las regiones de salud como unidades de análisis y empleó datos del Sistema de Informaciones sobre Mortalidad. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad que fueron mitigadas por el método bayesiano empírico local. Se utilizó el índice de Moran para identificación de la existencia de autocorrelación espacial. Resultados Fueron registrados 1.144 homicidios con un promedio de 6,2/100.000 mujeres. En todas las regiones de salud predominaron mujeres con edades entre 10 y 39 años, de raza/color negro y solteras. Los homicidios ocurrieran en vía pública. Los días en los que más ocurrieron fueron sábado y domingo y los meses diciembre, enero, febrero y junio. El índice de Moran global fue 0,6 (p = 0,01). Se identificaron clusters de municipios con altas tasas de homicidios en las III y IV regiones de salud. Consideraciones Finales Las victimas de homicidios eran jóvenes, negras y solteras. El análisis espacial localizó áreas críticas de ocurrencia de homicidios, que son prioritarias para las acciones preventivas de la violencia contra las mujeres.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the characteristics and spatial distribution of female intentional homicides, according to the regional health offices, in a state in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Method This is an ecological study that had the municipality and regional health offices as units of analysis and used data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System. Mortality rates were calculated and smoothed by the local empirical Bayesian method. To identify the existence of spatial autocorrelation, the Moran's index was used. Results A total of 1,144 homicides were reported, with an average rate of 6.2/100,000 women. For all regional health offices, the 10-39 age group, black race/skin color, and single marital status prevailed. The homicides took place in public spaces. The days of the week with the highest records were Saturday and Sunday and the months of the year December, January, February, and June. The global Moran's index was 0.6 (p = 0.01). Clusters of municipalities with high homicide rates were identified in regional health offices III and IV. Conclusions The homicide victims were young, black, and single. The spatial analysis found critical areas of homicide occurrence, which are a priority for actions to prevent violence against women.

Spatial analysis of epidemiological and quality indicators of health services for leprosy in hyperendemic areas in Northeastern Brazil.

Leprosy is a public health problem due to the physical disabilities and deformities it causes. This study aimed to describe new leprosy cases using an operational classification and analyzing spatial patterns by means of epidemiological and quality indicators of health services in Pernambuco State, Brazil, between 2005 and 2014. This was an ecological study performed in 184 municipalities grouped into 12 health regions units for analysis. To analyze spatial patterns, the Bayesian local empirical method and Moran's spatial autocorrelation indicator were applied and box and Moran maps were used. Individuals aged ≥15 years old, grade zero physical disability and complete remission as the treatment outcome were predominant in both paucibacillary and multibacillary cases, the only difference was the predominance of females (n=9,286; 63.00%) and males (n=8,564; 60.70%), respectively. These variables were correlated (p<0.05) with the operational classification. The overall detection rate showed three high-priority areas; the indicator rate of grade 2 physical disability revealed clusters in regions IV, V, and VI; and the indicator rate of cases with some degree of disability showed precarious municipalities in seven health regions. Pernambuco maintains an active chain of transmission and ongoing endemicity of leprosy. Therefore, spatial analysis methods allow the identification of priority areas for intervention, thereby supporting the disease elimination strategy.