Digitalization of Activities of Daily Living and Its Influence on Social Participation for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Scoping Review.

Everyday technology (ET) has been defined as the broad set of devices and artefacts that are currently present in people's lives both inside and outside of the home. A subgroup within ET is known as everyday information and communication technologies (EICTs). The main characteristic of these technologies is that they can facilitate or disrupt the engagement of individuals in their daily activities. This scoping review aims to identify what is known about how ET can function as facilitators or barriers to occupations, such as the social participation of older adults. The proposed scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines and checklist. The scoping review was conducted across five online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE and PsycoINFO [EBSCO]) to identify published, peer-reviewed records. Studies were screened by two independent reviewers against the inclusion criteria. This review considered studies concerning the use of ET or EICTs in community-dwelling adults aged over 60 years, with or without cognitive impairment or dementia. All of the articles were in English, and reviews were not included. Eleven papers were selected and showed that despite the increasing demand for technologies of daily life and the digitalization of society and processes, according to our research, few studies addressed the limitations in the social participation of older adults. In conclusion, ET can provide a way to promote and maintain the personal autonomy for older adults in community dwellings. However, cognitive impairment hinders the use of electronic technologies and increases perceived problems.

Gender Composition in Occupational Therapy Journals' Editorial Boards.

This paper analyses the Editorial Board (EB) distribution of Occupational Therapy journals from a gender perspective. The "Occupational Therapy" field in the Scimago Journal and Country Rank (SJR) and the "Occupational Therapy" term in the title search of the Journal Citation Report (JCR) were used to find the Occupational Therapy-specific journals. The following indicators were calculated: Editorial Board Member (EBM) gender distribution by journal, publisher, subject speciality, country, and journal quartile. Thirty-seven journals were located, including 667 individuals, 206 males (31%) and 461 females (69%). Referring to the EB positions, most members (557) were EB members, 70 were listed as Associate Editors, and 20 as Editorial Leaders. The results show that the proportion of women in the EB's of Occupational Therapy journals represents a majority. Regarding the distribution by gender of the EBMs, six journals had a female proportion below the cut-off point revealed in this study (69%). Four did not reach parity, with female representation below 50%. Additionally, the balance among the EBMs is significantly underrepresented compared to the percentage of female Occupational Therapy practitioners.

Body Composition and Nutrients Dietary Intake Changes during COVID-19 Lockdown in Spanish Healthy Postmenopausal Women.

(1) Background: During the COVID-19 lockdown, high rates of physical inactivity and dietary imbalances were reported in both adults and adolescents. Physical separation and isolation not only have a significant impact on the performance of physical activity but also affect people's lives, particularly their dietary habits. In the present study, we aimed to examine whether or not bioelectrical impedance-derived body composition parameters and dietary habits were affected during the pandemic-associated lockdown in postmenopausal Spanish women. (2) Methods: Sixty-six women participated in the study (58.7 ± 5.4 years) before (between July−October 2019) and after (August−October 2020) the lockdown, which occurred as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Body composition parameters were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis while dietary intake of proteins, fat, carbohydrates, and energy was measured by a food frequency questionnaire. (3) Results Regarding body composition, no differences were observed in fat mass in % (mean increase 0.05 (2.74); p = 0.567), fat mass in kg (mean increase −0.07 (4.137); p = 0.356) or lean mass in kg (mean increase 0.20 (1.424); p = 0.636). Similarly, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two study periods for any of the nutrients studied, nor for energy intake (p > 0.05 in all cases). (4) Conclusions: After comprehensively assessing body composition and dietary intake of protein, fat, carbohydrates, and energy before and after COVID-19 lockdown in healthy adult women in Spain no changes in the parameters studied were observed during the period analyzed in the women examined.

Cognitive Reserve Characteristics and Occupational Performance Implications in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

The Cognitive Reserve hypothesis suggests that there are individual differences in the ability to cope with the pathologic changes in Alzheimer's Disease. The proportion of elderly individuals has increased in recent years; this increase emphasizes the importance of early detection of mild cognitive impairment and the promotion of healthy ageing. The purpose of our study is to characterize cognitive reserve and occupational performance implications in people with mild cognitive impairment. 125 patients with mild cognitive impairment were enrolled. The Montreal Cognitive Assessments (MoCA) was used to evaluate cognitive status and the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq) as an indicator of cognitive reserve. Higher level of education was associated with higher MoCA scores (r = 0.290, p = 0.001). Positive significant correlations were observed between MoCA and total CRIq (r = 0.385, p < 0.001) as well as its three sub-domains, education (r = 0.231, p = 0.010), working activity (r = 0.237, p = 0.008) and leisure time (r = 0.319, p < 0.001). This study findings provide the importance of considering socio-behavioral factors in cognitive status. This research helps to describe the importance of engaging occupationally along the whole life-course as a potential protective factor in ageing, and includes a perspective of occupational therapy regarding the hypothesis of cognitive reserve.

Análisis cienciométrico de tesis doctorales de terapia ocupacional / Análise cientométrica das teses de doutoramento em terapia ocupacional / Scientometric analysis of occupational therapy Ph.D. theses

Resumen Introducción La Cienciometría es el estudio de los aspectos cuantitativos de la literatura científica y tecnológica, y ayuda a crear una visión amplia de los logros de la investigación en un campo científico. Una tesis doctoral es un estudio de investigación original sobre un área científica realizado por un candidato y se considera un indicador de personal altamente cualificado. Hasta donde sabemos, no se ha realizado ningún análisis cienciométrico en terapia ocupacional em España. Objetivos Caracterizar las tesis doctorales de terapia ocupacional defendidas em España y su tendencia. Metodo: Se ha realizado un estudio cienciométrico, descriptivo y retrospectivo entre 1976 y noviembre de 2019, utilizando la información buscada en las bases de datos TESEO y SOCINTO, el Portal de Ética DART-Europe y el repositório Dialnet. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y de regresión. Resultados 77 tesis doctorales cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La regresión lineal refleja una progresión diacrónica con r2= 0,530 con una significación estadística (p<.001). Conclusión La producción de tesis doctorales de terapia ocupacional en España se ha incrementado en las dos últimas décadas. Esta investigación ha contribuido a caracterizar el estado actual de las tesis doctorales de terapia ocupacional defendida em España, considerando el análisis de las tesis doctorales como un importante indicador cienciométrico y siendo el primer estudio de este tipo a nivel mundial.

Resumo Introdução A cienciometria é o estudo dos aspectos quantitativos da literatura científica e tecnológica, contribuindo para criar uma visão ampla dos resultados da investigação num campo científico. Uma tese de doutoramento é um estudo de investigação original sobre uma área científica realizado por um candidato e é considerada uma qualificação pessoal altamente qualificada. Segundo os nossos melhores conhecimentos, não foi realizada qualquer análise cientométrica em terapia ocupacional na Espanha. Objetivos Caracterizar as teses de doutoramento em terapia ocupacional defendidas na Espanha e a suas tendências. Método Foi realizado um estudo cientométrico, descritivo e retrospectivo entre 1976 e novembro de 2019, utilizando a pesquisa de informação nas bases de dados TESEO e SOCINTO, no Portal DART-Europe Etheses e no repositório Dialnet. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e regressivas. Resultados 77 teses de doutoramento cumpriram os critérios de inclusão. A regressão linear reflete uma progressão diacrônica com r2= 0,530, com um significado estatístico (p<.001). Conclusão A produção de teses de doutoramento em terapia ocupacional na Espanha aumentou nas últimas duas décadas. Esta investigação ajudou a caracterizar o estado atual das teses de doutoramento em terapia ocupacional defendidas na Espanha, considerando a análise de teses de doutoramento como um indicador cientificamente importante e sendo o primeiro estudo deste tipo em nível mundial.

Abstract Introduction Scientometry is the study of the quantitative aspects of the scientific and technological literature, helping in creating a broad vision of the research achievements in a scientific field. A Ph.D. thesis is an original research study about a scientific area carried out by a candidate and is considered an indicator of highly qualified staff. To our best knowledge, no scientometric analysis has been performed in occupational therapy in Spain. Objective To characterize occupational therapy Ph.D. theses defended in Spain and its trend. Method A scientometric, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted between 1976 and November 2019, using the information searching in the TESEO and SOCINTO databases, the DART-Europe Etheses Portal, and the Dialnet repository. Descriptive and regression analyses were carried out. Results 77 Ph.D. theses met the inclusion criteria. The linear regression reflects a diachronic progression with r2= 0.530 with a statistical significance (p<.001). Conclusion The production of occupational therapy Ph.D. theses in Spain has been increased in the last two decades. This research has helped to characterize the current state of the occupational therapy Ph.D. theses defended in Spain, considering Ph.D. theses analysis as an important scientometric indicator and being the first study of this type worldwide.