Integrated evaluation of the performance of phosphogypsum recycling technologies in China.

The Chinese government is implementing policies, such as the "Guidance on comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste for the 14th Five-Year Plan period", to stimulate phosphogypsum (PG) reduction and recycling. Thus, the comprehensive evaluation of PG recycling technologies for sustainable development is crucial. This study proposes a novel multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) method that considers the criteria of resources, environment, economy, and society and risk attitudes of decision-makers and integrates game theory (GT) and utility theory for criteria weighting and ranking to assess industrial-scale PG recycling technologies in China. The results demonstrate that GT provides more reasonable criteria weights than individual weighting methods. PG-based lightweight plaster is the top performer in the resource and environmental dimensions owing to its exceptional resource and energy efficiency. PG utilized for dry-mix mortar and organic fertilizer production exhibited the best utility performance of 0.74 and 0.73, respectively. Measures, such as subsidies and product publicity, should be implemented to promote these technologies. However, technologies with poor performance, such as PG used for the co-production of sulfuric acid and fertilizer or cement, may require optimization or substitution for the sustainable recycling of PG. The proposed MCDA method is robust and can serve as a reliable decision-making tool for other waste-recycling technologies. However, caution must be exercised when determining risk attitude using the MCDA method as it may vary with the number of technologies and affect the final rankings.

The effects of VEGF on deep venous thrombosis in the perioperative period of elderly fracture patients.

Deep venous thrombosis is a very common complication of orthopedic patients on bed rest. In the present study, comparison of the correlation between serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with D-Dimer, fibrinogen and thrombo elastogram was done. 68 elderly fractured patients that had undergone surgery were divided into two groups according to whether they were diagnosed with deep venous thrombosis in the perioperative period or not. ELISA assays was carried out to detect the VEGF, D-Dimer and fibrinogen levels prior to operation and post-operation on 1st, 5th & 10th day. SPSS20.0 (IBM US) statistical software was used in the research for statistical data analysis. The measured data was evaluated by using mean ± standard deviation. The present study has found that VEGF levels in both these two groups showed an increase at first followed by a decrease, which indicated that the angiogenesis process after operative injury can cause an increase of serum VEGF levels. The thrombosis group showed higher VEGF levels compared to the non-thrombosis group after the operation for different days; difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, VEGF levels in the thrombosis group after the operation were closely related to the D-Dimer and fibrinogen content. However, for non-thrombosis group, the relationship between VEGF levels and the content of D-Dimer and fibrinogen was weak.