RESUMO
Lung cancers are common malignancies, which have a very poor prognosis. These are the leading cause of cancer deaths in France and worldwide. Behind this unfavourable prognosis hides many disparities according to age, sex, social level and exposure to risk factors. The detection of the genetic abnormalities, which drive carcinogenesis has totally changed the therapeutic approach. Tumours are now classified according to their molecular profile which is itself associated with new demographic data. We here review the most recent data on this topic.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Quinase do Linfoma Anaplásico , Receptores ErbB/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Epidemiologia Molecular , Mutação , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/genética , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/genética , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
A number of mechanisms that drive oncogenesis have been deciphered over the last 20 years. The main oncogenic factors in the field of thoracic oncology are mutations of EGFR, KRAS, and EML4-ALK translocation, which are most often reported in adenocarcinomas. However, new molecular targets have been highlighted recently including BRAF mutations, HER2 or PI3K, new translocations such as ROS1 or KIF5B-RET. Molecular abnormalities have also been identified in tumors other than adenocarcinoma (squamous and small cell carcinoma). Therapeutic strategies have been designed to inhibit these signaling pathways including monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Some of these molecules are now approved as therapies, others are currently undergoing testing in clinical trials. We here present a review of novel targeted agents for lung cancer.