Scoping Review: Intergenerational Resource Transfer and Possible Enabling Factors.

We explore the intergenerational pattern of resource transfer and possible associated factors. A scoping review was conducted of quantitative, peer-reviewed, English-language studies related to intergenerational transfer or interaction. We searched AgeLine, PsycINFO, Social Work Abstracts, and Sociological Abstracts for articles published between Jane 2008 and December 2018. Seventy-five studies from 25 countries met the inclusion criteria. The scoping review categorised resource transfers into three types: financial, instrumental, and emotional support. Using an intergenerational solidarity framework, factors associated with intergenerational transfer were placed in four categories: (1) demographic factors (e.g., age, gender, marital status, education, and ethno-cultural background); (2) needs and opportunities factors, including health, financial resources, and employment status; (3) family structures, namely, family composition, family relationship, and earlier family events; and (4) cultural-contextual structures, including state policies and social norms. Those factors were connected to the direction of resource transfer between generations. Downward transfers from senior to junior generations occur more frequently than upward transfers in many developed countries. Women dominate instrumental transfers, perhaps influenced by traditional gender roles. Overall, the pattern of resource transfer between generations is shown, and the impact of social norms and social policy on intergenerational transfers is highlighted. Policymakers should recognise the complicated interplay of each factor with different cultural contexts. The findings could inform policies that strengthen intergenerational solidarity and support.

Embracing Cultural Diversity - Leadership Perspectives on Championing Meaningful Engagement for Residents Living with Advanced Dementia.

Resource constraints and high staff turnover are perceived as substantial barriers to high quality residential aged care. Achieving relationship-focused, person-centered care (PCC) is an ongoing challenge. This paper reports on an international project that explored how residential care leadership understand meaningful engagement for residents with dementia from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. This paper critically appraises the process, and outcomes, of an adapted Delphi method. Participants were the residential care leadership (i.e. staff in supervisory capacity) from four international facilities. Participation in the Delphi process was limited even though surveys were designed to require minimal time for completion. No participants opted for the alternative option of being interviewed. Findings indicate that residential care leadership recognised the importance of meaningful engagement for residents from CALD backgrounds. Limitations of time, resources and policy infrastructure were cited as barriers to achieving PCC. These findings suggest that facility leadership understand the importance of PCC, but identify multiple barriers rather than enablers for delivering PCC. Alternative methods, such as collecting data in interactive sessions allowing real-time discussion should be initiated to more effectively engage residential care leaders for a collaborative approach to explore PCC practices.