Arrayed metal phosphide heterostructure by Fe doping for robust overall water splitting.

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) show promise in water electrolysis due to their electronic structures, which activate hydrogen/oxygen reaction intermediates. However, TMPs face limitations in catalytic efficiency due to insufficient active sites, poor conductivity, and multiple intermediate steps in water electrolysis. Here, we synthesize a highly efficient bifunctional self-supported electrocatalyst, which consists of an N-doped carbon shell anchored on Fe-doped CoP/Co2P arrays on nickel foam (NC@Fe-CoxP/NF) using hydrothermal and phosphorization techniques. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that the modified morphology, with increased active site density and a tunable electronic structure induced by Fe doping in the CoP/Co2P heterostructure, leads to superior water electrolysis performance. The resulting NC@Fe0.1-CoP/Co2P/NF catalyst exhibits overpotentials of 122 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 270 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 100 mA cm-2. Furthermore, using NC@Fe0.1-CoP/Co2P/NF as both the cathode and anode in an alkaline electrolyzer enables the cell system to achieve 100 mA cm-2 at a voltage of 1.70 V, while maintaining long-term catalytic durability. This work may pave the way for designing self-supported, highly efficient electrocatalysts for practical water electrolysis applications.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus activates lipid synthesis through a ROS-dependent AKT/PCK1/INSIG/SREBPs axis.

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a highly contagious pathogen in pigs. This study aimed to investigate the impact of PRRSV infection on cellular metabolism, particularly focusing on lipid metabolism to understand its role in promoting viral replication. We conducted a metabolic analysis on MARC-145 cells before and after PRRSV infection. Our results demonstrated that the most significant alterations in cellular metabolism, accounting for 40.8 % of total changes, were related to lipid metabolism. These changes were primarily driven by the activation of sterol regulatory-element binding proteins (SREBPs), critical regulators of lipid biosynthesis. To understand the mechanisms behind SREBPs activation by PRRSV, we investigated the involvement of upstream effectors, specifically protein kinase B (AKT) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1). Our findings indicated that PRRSV infection triggered AKT activation, leading to the subsequent activation of PCK1. Activated PCK1 then phosphorylated insulin-induced genes (INSIGs), resulting in their degradation. This degradation facilitated the translocation of SREBPs from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus. Additionally, we observed that PRRSV infection stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which played a critical role in activating AKT. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that PRRSV enhances lipid synthesis through a ROS-dependent AKT/PCK1/INSIG/SREBPs signaling axis, which provides new insights into the metabolic strategies employed by PRRSV.

Optimized Machine Learning Model for Predicting Compressive Strength of Alkali-Activated Concrete Through Multi-Faceted Comparative Analysis.

Alkali-activated concrete (AAC), produced from industrial by-products like fly ash and slag, offers a promising alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete by significantly reducing carbon emissions. Yet, the inherent variability in AAC formulations presents a challenge for accurately predicting its compressive strength using conventional approaches. To address this, we leverage machine learning (ML) techniques, which enable more precise strength predictions based on a combination of material properties and cement mix design parameters. In this study, we curated an extensive dataset comprising 1756 unique AAC mixtures to support robust ML-based modeling. Four distinct input variable schemes were devised to identify the optimal predictor set, and a comparative analysis was performed to evaluate their effectiveness. After this, we investigated the performance of several popular ML algorithms, including random forest (RF), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), gradient boosting regression trees (GBRTs), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). Among these, the XGBoost model consistently outperformed its counterparts. To further enhance the predictive accuracy of the XGBoost model, we applied four state-of-the-art optimization techniques: the Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), beetle antennae search (BAS), and Bayesian optimization (BO). The optimized XGBoost model delivered superior performance, achieving a remarkable coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99 on the training set and 0.94 across the entire dataset. Finally, we employed SHapely Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to imbue the optimized model with interpretability, enabling deeper insights into the complex relationships governing AAC formulations. Through the lens of ML, we highlight the benefits of the multi-faceted synergistic approach for AAC strength prediction, which combines careful input parameter selection, optimal hyperparameter tuning, and enhanced model interpretability. This integrated strategy improves both the robustness and scalability of the model, offering a clear and reliable prediction of AAC performance.

Rational Synthesis of Spongy Fe3N@N-Doped Carbon Nanorods with Controlled Topography and Porosity for Enhanced Energy Storage Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Iron nitrides with the merits of high theoretical capacities, cost-effectiveness, and good electronic/ionic conductivity have been recognized as attractive anode candidates for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Carbon compositing, pore engineering, and nanostructure construction have proved to be effective strategies to prepare high-performance metal nitride anodes for LIBs. Herein, we synthesized a series of Fe3N-embedded and N-doped carbon nanorods (Fe3N@NCNR) with a hierarchical porous system and controllable topography by metal-catalyzed graphitization-nitridization of the Fe(III)-triazole framework (Fe-MOF) and thermal evaporation of the triblock copolymer F127 template assembled in Fe-MOF via hydrogen bonding interaction, followed by the air oxidation and urea-assisted ammonolysis processes. The Fe3N@NCNR as anodes for LIBs display extraordinary lithium storage capabilities with a high reversible capacity of 830 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C, a good rate performance of 576 mAh g-1 at 5 C, and a long-term cycling stability of 742 mA h g-1 over 600 cycles at 1 C. Such outstanding performance benefits from the spongy carbon nanorods with rich macropores for rapid electronic/ionic transport and effective accommodation of electrode volume expansion, abundant N-doped meso-/microporous carbon for the additional storage of Li+ via capacitive effect, and the efficient utilization of Fe3N nanoparticles uniformly distributed through carbon nanorods. Importantly, this work introduces an effective strategy to construct superior performance nitride anodes from MOF surfactants based on hydrogen bonding-driven interface self-assembly and provides insight into the preparation of highly efficient nanoarchitectures for Li+ storage.

Bench-Stable Meisenheimer Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Divergent Reactivity for Dearomatization.

The chemistry of the Meisenheimer complexes is of fundamental interest in organic chemistry. While the nitro group has been extensively employed to facilitate the formation and stabilization of Meisenheimer complexes, the analogous application of more user-friendly ester groups has remained an unexplored frontier. Herein, we report ester-stabilized Meisenheimer complexes, which have remarkable air-, moisture-, and thermo-stability. Moreover, the isolable and well-defined Meisenheimer intermediates exhibit divergent reactivity for dearomatization reactions, including modular 1,4-additions, dearomative (2 + 3) cycloadditions, and even higher-order (4 + n) cycloadditions. These methodologies enabled rapid access to complicated cyclohexane derivatives with multiple all-carbon quaternary centers and interesting structure topologies.

Beta-Cyclodextrin-Modified Covalent Organic Framework Nanochannel for Electrochemical Chiral Recognition of Amino Acids.

The chiral recognition and separation of enantiomers are of great importance for biological research and the pharmaceutical industry. Preparing homochiral materials with adjustable size and chiral binding sites is beneficial for achieving an efficient chiral recognition performance. Here, a homochiral covalent organic framework membrane modified with ß-cyclodextrin (CD-COF) was constructed, which was subsequently utilized as an electrochemical sensor for the enantioselective sensing of tryptophan (Trp) molecules. The preferential adsorption of l-Trp over d-Trp at the ß-CD sites can enhance the surface charge density and hydrophilicity of the CD-COF membrane, resulting in an increased transmembrane ionic current. Trp enantiomers with concentrations down to 0.28 nM can be effectively discriminated. The l-/d-Trp recognition selectivity increases with the Trp concentration and reaches a value of 19.2 at 1 mM. The selective adsorption of l-Trp to the CD-COF membrane will also hinder its transport, resulting in a l-/d-Trp permeation selectivity of 15.3. This study offers a new strategy to construct homochiral porous membranes and achieve efficient chiral sensing and separation.

The prognostic significance of androgen receptor expression in gliomas.

Androgen receptor (AR) overexpression has been identified in gliomas and its stem cells, suggesting that AR plays an important role in tumor carcinogenesis. The prognostic significance of AR overexpression in gliomas remains unknown. AR mRNA expression in gliomas and relevant clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases. AR expression levels were compared across gliomas of different histopathologic grades and molecular subtypes. Kaplan-Meier analyses in patients with different AR expression levels were investigated for the potential prognostic values of AR. Compared with normal brain tissue, gliomas show significantly higher AR mRNA expression (p < 0.01). AR mRNA expression was more prominent in higher grade disease and in worse prognostic molecular subtypes (p < 0.01). AR protein is more abundant in glioblastoma than in lower grade gliomas (LGG) (grade 2/3) (p < 0.0001). This is corroborated by a linear association between AR mRNA and protein expression (r = 0.65). In LGG, both higher AR mRNA and protein expression was associated with significantly worse overall survival (OS). Five-year OS for LGG patients with high versus low AR expression were 59.1% and 73.3%, respectively (p < 0.0001). AR expression is not prognostic for OS within glioblastoma patients. Gender was not associated with AR expression or prognosis. Higher AR expression levels are associated with higher grade disease and histopathologic features predicting poorer prognosis in lower grade gliomas. Higher gene expression in LGG patients is correlated with poor prognosis but not in the glioblastoma cohort suggesting saturated expression/functions of AR in glioblastoma.

Gouty Tophus Erodes Nasal Bone But Presents as Painless Hump.

A 32-year-old male presented with a painless swelling on his nasal dorsum, persisting for over 3 months. He reported a gradual increase in the size of the mass, with no identifiable triggers except occasional skin redness. He denied nosebleeds, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, trauma, prior surgery, or spontaneous pain. His medical history revealed gout, managed with colchicine and diclofenac. Despite dietary and pharmaceutical interventions, he continued to have bouts of hyperuricemia, with blood uric acid levels measuring 739 µmol/L. Multiple tophi were evident, especially on the left first metatarsophalangeal joint (Figure 1A). Examination revealed an irregularly shaped, immobile, hard swelling at the nasal radix, measuring 3 cm×2 cm. Computerized tomography (CT) imaging of the nose showed bilateral nasal bone destruction from the lesion. Given its impact on the patient's appearance and his history of gout, the mass was initially diagnosed as unusual gouty tophus. The patient requested surgical removal of the lesion, and the dissection revealed a mass partly encased by a capsule-like connective tissue adherent to the nasal bone. As the lesion damaged the nasal bone, removal of the lesion led to defect of nasal bone. After an extensive rinse of the surgery site, the incision was sutured.

A transcription-independent role for HIF-1α in modulating microprocessor assembly.

Microprocessor is an essential nuclear complex responsible for the initial RNase-mediated cleavage of primary miRNA, which is a tightly controlled maturation process that requires the proper assembly of Drosha and DGCR8. Unlike previously identified mechanisms directly targeting the enzymatic subunit Drosha, current knowledge about the biological ways of controlling miRNA nuclear maturation through DGCR8 is less addressed. In this study, we unveiled that the microprocessor assembly is governed by a master gene regulator HIF-1α irrespective of its canonical transcriptional activity. First, a widespread protein binding of HIF-1α with DGCR8 instead of Drosha was observed in response to biological stimulations. Similar protein interactions between their corresponding orthologues in model organisms were also observed. After dissecting the essential protein domains, we noticed that HIF-1α suppresses microprocessor assembly via binding to DGCR8. Furthermore, our results showed that HIF-1α hijacks monomeric DGCR8 thus reducing its dimer formation prior to microprocessor assembly, and consequently, the suppressed microprocessor formation and nuclear processing of primary miRNA were demonstrated. In conclusion, here we unveiled the mechanism of how microprocessor assembly is regulated by HIF-1α, which not only demonstrates a non-transcriptional function of nuclear HIF-1α but also provides new molecular insights into the regulation of microprocessor assembly through DGCR8.

Few-Human-Interaction Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Transbronchial Intervention.

The transbronchial interventional surgery presents challenges with winding and convoluted pathways, prone to compression and friction. Current autonomous planning struggles to reach deeper bronchial positions, and hard to consider multiple conflicting goals simultaneously. This article introduces an innovative planning scheme with preference weights to achieve smooth, frictionless, and collision-free autonomous transbronchial intervention with continuum robot (CR). A few-human-interaction twin-delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (FHITD3) generated from surgeon preference guidance is proposed, which determines the optimal strategy for the motion of CR. Preference knowledge is generated through interaction between human and few diversity samples. An abstract actuator space description is proposed for the posture and position representation of CR during movement within bronchus. A contact motion analysis strategy is proposed to calculate real-time attitude of CR in contact with bronchus. In addition, an oscillation suppression approach to address CR's unsmooth distal end trajectory is proposed. Simulated experiments show that the CR autonomously completes intervention tasks with a smooth and stable trajectory, reducing distal end oscillation by over 45%. It achieves a target endpoint within the fourth level bronchus (approximately 5 mm diameter) with over 90% probability.

Research Competence in Clinical Nursing Insights From Chinese Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

AIM: To assess the research capacity of 3014 clinical nurses in northeastern China, examining their participation in research and self-assessed competencies to advance nursing practice. BACKGROUND: Nursing research is essential for the development of the nursing discipline, yet significant progress in enhancing the research capabilities of nursing staff has been limited over the past decades. Clinical nurses, central to the execution of research activities, need improved research skills to identify relevant topics and synthesise clinical experiences with the literature. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. METHODS: In 2023, using a convenience sampling method, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted on 3014 nurses in a Grade A tertiary hospital. The questionnaire included questions on basic information and scientific research, as well as a self-evaluation scale assessing the nurses' capability for conducting scientific research. RESULTS: Among the nurses participating in the survey, 29.66% (894) had published academic papers in Chinese, 2.06% (62) had published papers in Science Citation Index journals, 2.39% (72) had hosted nursing research projects, 5.87% (177) had participated in nursing research projects and 71% (2140) expressed their willingness to participate in nursing research activities. The average score on the self-evaluation of research capability was 54.08 ± 24.55, with scores ranging from 0 to 120. CONCLUSION: The clinical nurses' research capacity scores are at the midpoint of the scale (0-120), indicating basic research capabilities with room for improvement. There is a high willingness to engage in research. Nursing managers should consider these factors in training programmes and promote research activities to improve the team's scientific capability. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study reveals a critical gap between nurses' willingness and actual involvement in research, emphasising the need for enhanced research skills to improve nursing practice. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This study did not require patient or public involvement in its design, outcome measures or execution. The contribution of patients/members of the public was limited solely to data collection.

How to promote telemedicine in underdeveloped cities in central China? Qualitative interviews with medical personnel in tertiary A-level hospital of Xinyang City.

Background: Telemedicine has emerged as a novel healthcare service model that plays a vital role in addressing the unequal distribution of medical resources. Telemedicine has recently gained significant traction in economically prosperous cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou in China. However, Xinyang City in Henan Province is an economically less developed city, and telemedicine is still in its early stages. By exploring the views of medical staff and administrators at Xinyang City's tertiary A-level hospital on telemedicine, this study aims to determine the development status of telemedicine services in Xinyang City. The objective was to identify the challenges in the construction process and formulate corresponding strategies for advancing telemedicine in Xinyang City. Methods: Face-to-face personal interviews were conducted with 16 medical staff and administrators from a tertiary A-level hospital in Xinyang City, Henan Province, and the data were collected and analyzed using grounded theory. In the process of data analysis, NVivo12 software was used to encode and organize the data line by line. Results: The development of telemedicine in Xinyang City has the potential to benefit residents, hospitals, and healthcare personnel despite several challenges, including the absence of laws and regulations, inadequate policy support, limited hospital cooperation, and low resident awareness, which must be addressed to unlock the full potential of telemedicine. Conclusion: The telemedicine system in Xinyang City is currently in a coordinated developmental phase, and several areas require further improvement. The development of standardized telemedicine in Xinyang City requires government support, better training for general practitioners, public awareness campaigns, and improved technology while ensuring reasonable work schedules and motivating medical personnel.

Exploring the constitutive activation mechanism of the class A orphan GPR20.

GPR20, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), shows significant expression in intestinal tissue and represents a potential therapeutic target to treat gastrointestinal stromal tumors. GPR20 performs high constitutive activity when coupling with Gi. Despite the pharmacological importance of GPCR constitutive activation, determining the mechanism has long remained unclear. In this study, we explored the constitutive activation mechanism of GPR20 through large-scale unbiased molecular dynamics simulations. Our results unveil the allosteric nature of constitutively activated GPCR signal transduction involving extracellular and intracellular domains. Moreover, the constitutively active state of the GPR20 requires both the N-terminal cap and Gi protein. The N-terminal cap of GPR20 functions like an agonist and mediates long-range activated conformational shift. Together with the previous study, this study enhances our knowledge of the self-activation mechanism of the orphan receptor, facilitates the drug discovery efforts that target GPR20.

Therapeutic potential of xtr-miR-22-3p from Plastrum testudinis in acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is marked by a block at the promyelocyte stage. Treatments like ATRA and ATO face resistance and relapse issues. Plastrum testudinis, a traditional Chinese medicine, may offer therapeutic potential. This study investigated xtr-miR-22-3p from P. testudinis for treating APL. High expression of xtr-miR-22-3p was confirmed, with target prediction indicating interactions with key genes, including PML. xtr-miR-22-3p reduced HL-60 leukemia cell growth, altered the cell cycle, and selectively inhibited HL-60 proliferation while promoting BMSC growth, suggesting its potential as a targeted APL therapy.

Synergetic Effect of Mo-Doped and Oxygen Vacancies Endows Vanadium Oxide with High-Rate and Long-Life for Aqueous Zinc Ion Battery.

Vanadium (V)-based oxides have garnered significant attention as cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their multiple valences and high theoretical capacity. However, their sluggish kinetics and low conductivity remain major obstacles to practical applications. In this study, Mo-doped V2O3 with oxygen vacancies (OVs, Mo-V2O3-x@NC) is prepared from a Mo-doped V-metal organic framework. Ex situ characterizations reveal that the cathode undergoes an irreversible phase transformation from Mo-V2O3-x to Mo-V2O5-x·nH2O and serves as an active material exhibiting excellent Zn2+ storage in subsequent charge-discharge cycles. Mo-doped helps to further improve cycling stability and increases with increasing content. More importantly, the synergistic effect of Mo-doped and OVs not only effectively reduces the Zn2+ migration energy barrier, but also enhances reaction kinetics, and electrochemical performance. Consequently, the cathode demonstrates ultrafast electrochemical kinetics, showing a superior rate performance (190.9 mAh g-1 at 20 A g-1) and excellent long-term cycling stability (147.9 mAh g-1 at 20 A g-1 after 10000 cycles). Furthermore, the assembled pouch cell exhibits excellent cycling stability (313.6 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 1000 cycles), indicating promising application prospects. This work presents an effective strategy for designing and fabricating metal and OVs co-doped cathodes for high-performance AZIBs.

Phase-Matching Second-Harmonic Generation and Enhanced Laser-Induced Damage Threshold Induced by Cs Substitution: Cu3PSe4 vs Cs2CuP3S9.

Chalcophosphates are an important type of infrared nonlinear optical (NLO) candidates in view of their rich anionic motifs. Here, two copper chalcophosphates Cu3PSe4 (CPSe) and Cs2CuP3S9 (CCPS) were synthesized and studied as IR NLO materials. They both feature three-dimensional polyanionic frameworks constructed by similar T2-supertetrahedra, and the structure of CCPS can be derived from CPSe via introducing Cs and substituting Se with S. This structural evolution results in phase-matchable NLO behavior, enlarged optical band gap, and enhanced laser-induced damage threshold for CCPS. These results are elucidated by structure analysis and theoretical calculations, and the increased structural anisotropy contributes to the phase matchable behavior of CCPS. This work presents a case on how to adjust NLO properties via certain structure considerations, which may be extended to more systems for obtaining high-performance NLO materials.

Unveiling the therapeutic promise of EphA2 in glioblastoma: a comprehensive review.

Glioblastoma (GBM), a primary brain tumor, exhibits remarkable invasiveness and is characterized by its intricate location, infiltrative behavior, the presence of both the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), phenotypic diversity, an immunosuppressive microenvironment with limited development yet rich vascularity, as well as the resistant nature of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) towards traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These formidable factors present substantial obstacles in the quest for effective GBM treatments. Following extensive research spanning three decades, the hepatocellular receptor A2 (EphA2) receptor tyrosine kinase has emerged as a promising molecular target with translational potential in the realm of cancer therapy. Numerous compounds aimed at targeting EphA2 have undergone rigorous evaluation and clinical investigation. This article provides a comprehensive account of the distinctive roles played by canonical and non-canonical EphA2 signaling in various contexts, while also exploring the involvement of the EphA2-ephrin A1 signaling axis in GBM pathogenesis. Additionally, the review offers an overview of completed clinical trials targeting EphA2 for GBM treatment, shedding light on both the prospects and challenges associated with EphA2-directed interventions in the domain of cancer therapeutics.

Prophylactic application of dexmedetomidine reduces the incidence of Emergence delirium in children: A systematic review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Emergence delirium (ED) is a common postoperative cognitive dysfunction in children. ED may cause distress to patients and their families in the early post-anesthesia period and have long-term adverse effects on children. THE PRIMARY PURPOSE: was to verify whether dexmedetomidine can reduce the occurrence of ED in children. RESEARCH TYPE: Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. DATA ACQUISITION: A search was conducted on Web of Science, WHO Trials, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials.gov, and PubMed for all published studies from inception to 23 Oct.2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Randomized clinical trials that met the following criteria: patients aged 1-18 years, study site in the PACU (Post-anesthesia care unit), incidence of ED as the primary outcome, and prophylactic use of dexmedetomidine defined as injected before admission to the PACU. RESULTS: A total of 7 randomized trials were included (6 studies during eye and neck surgery, 1 during hernia surgery), involving 512 patients (257 (50.1%) with dexmedetomidine, and 250 (49.9%) with control. ED was observed in 17.51% of the patients treated with dexmedetomidine and in 43.14% of those receiving control (risk ratio (RR) = 0.40, 95 % confidence interval [CI] [0.30 - 0.55], P < 0.00001). Additionally, the prophylactic application of dexmedetomidine also reduced the occurrence of Post-Operating Nausea and Vomiting (RR = 0.24, 95%CI [0.12 - 0.49], P = 0.0001) and PACU stay time after extubation (mean difference (MD) = -1.57, 95%CI [-3.07 to -0.07], P = 0.04). However, sensitivity analysis of RCTs showed that our effect estimates were not stable (MD = -1.78, 95%CI [-4.18 - 0.62], P = 0.15). CONCLUSION: The prophylactic use of dexmedetomidine was associated with a reduction of ED. However, our findings only apply to eye and neck surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO: CRD42022371840.

The Role of Terminal Fluorination on Energy Inversion in Organic Solar Cells.

Suppressing non-radiative energy loss (ΔE3) mediated by the triplet charge transfer state is crucial for high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, we decode the energy inversion through multi-scale theoretical simulations, which inhibit the formation of non-emissive triplet (T1) state. However, it is mystified by the system dependence. We first demonstrate a direct relationship of "the probability of Face-on orientation (PFace-on) is proportional to the probability of energy inversion (PEI)", which is related to the function of terminal fluorination. Through Pearson's correlation coefficient and machine learning model, the useful stacking structural parameters were obtained to clarify the effect of π-bridge group on the function of terminal fluorination. Based on the molecular descriptors established, we explain that the fluorination effect is beneficial to Face-on orientation and thus energy inversion due to the enhanced intermolecular coupling. But the π-bridge inhibits this coupling with the interfacial stacking configuration appearing more "TT_IC". This work provides a directional standard for promoting energy inversion to reduce ΔE3 for the high-performance OSCs.

An ultrastable 1397-nm laser stabilized by a crystalline-coated room-temperature cavity.

State-of-the-art optical cavities are pivotal in pushing the envelope of laser frequency stability below 10-16. This is often achieved by extending the cavity length or cooling the system to cryogenic temperatures to reduce the thermal noise floor. In our study, we present a 30-cm-long cavity that operates at room temperature and is outfitted with crystalline coatings. The system has a predicted ultralow thermal noise floor of 4.4 × 10-17, comparable to what is observed in cryogenic silicon cavities. A 1397-nm laser is stabilized in this advanced cavity, and the stable frequency is then transferred to the clock transition in strontium optical lattice clocks via a frequency-doubling process. We have meticulously minimized and assessed the technical noise contributions through comparisons with an ultrastable reference laser that is locked to a commercially available 30-cm cavity. The frequency instability of the system is rigorously evaluated using a three-cornered-hat method. The results demonstrate that the laser frequency instability remains below 2 × 10-16 for averaging times ranging from 1 to 50 s. These findings underscore the significant potential of room-temperature cavities with crystalline coatings in high-precision metrology and pave the way for further improvements in optical lattice clocks.