High-flow carotid cavernous fistula and 'white eye': A rare and easily misdiagnosed presentation - A case report and literature review.

The three classic symptoms of carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) are pulsating exophthalmos, bruit and conjunctival chemosis. Here, we present a clinical case of isolated abducens nerve palsy due to a high-flow CCF in an 84-year-old woman, without the typical congestive orbito-ocular features. It was a diagnostic challenge because, for patients older than 50 years with cardiovascular risk factors, ischaemic mononeuropathy is the most frequent aetiology. This case illustrates the least common type of CCF that can be easily misdiagnosed. Physicians should consider fistula as a possible diagnosis in a patient with isolated abducens nerve palsy even without the classic triad.

Tooth-brushing epilepsy: an SEEG study and surgical treatment.

We report a patient with reflex tooth-brushing-triggered epilepsy, associated with a post-central lesion within the right somatosensory face area. Contralateral facial sensory and motor phenomena, associated with contralateral upper limb extension, were present at seizure onset after gingival stimulation, but seizures could also be induced by contact with solid food or liquids. Spontaneous seizures also were recorded. Secondary generalization was infrequent. Stereoelectroencephalography implantation was performed, with seizure recording and cortical/subcortical stimulation for mapping, to identify the precise extent of surgical resection. Complete postoperative control of epilepsy was achieved, accompanied by a mild and transient neurological deficit. [Published with video sequence].

Epónimos en la anatomía y radiología de cabeza y cuello / Eponyms in Head and Neck Anatomy and Radiology

En el lenguaje médico, el uso de epónimos es frecuente. Si bien comúnmente se piensa que los epónimos están en vías de extinción, eso no es totalmente cierto. Existe disenso entre quienes creen que su uso debería abandonarse y quienes abogan que los epónimos convierten términos inmemorables en memorizables, transmiten conceptos complejos y promueven el interés en la historia de la Medicina. Nos sentimos parte de ese segundo grupo y nuestra intención es hacer una revisión de ocho epónimos vinculados a la Anatomía y Radiología de cabeza y cuello. Creemos que ese abordaje puede ser útil para la educación de estudiantes de Medicina, residentes y especialistas en diagnóstico por imágenes.

The use of eponyms in medical language is frequent. While it is commonly thought that eponyms are on their way to extinction, this is not entirely true. There is dissent between those who believe that their use should be abandoned and those who advocate that eponyms make unmemorable terms memorable, convey complex concepts and promote interest in the history of medicine. We feel part of this second group, and our intention is to make a review of eight eponyms linked to head and neck anatomy and radiology. We believe that this approach can be useful for the education of medical students, residents and diagnostic imaging specialists.