[Clinical significance of humoral compensatory reactions in the acute period of ischemic stroke].

To determine the clinical significance of humoral nonspecific reactions in the acute period of ischemic hemispheric stroke (IS), some biochemical and biophysical parameters have been studied in 30 patients (mean age 67±10 years). Platelet monoaminooxidase (MAO) activity, levels of middle-sized molecules (MM), malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and parameters of the functional state of serum albumin (the effective concentration and binding reserve of albumin) have been measured. Severity of neurological deficit and functional recovery of patients with IS was assessed with the NIHSS and the Barthel index. The control group included 17 age- and sex-matched healthy people (p<0,1). The significant changes in all biochemical and biophysical parameters were seen in patients compared to the control group (p<0,01). The increase in MAO activity in patients was associated with the enhancement of free-radical reactions MDA/MAO: rs=+0,62, p=0,0001. The elevation of acceptor capacity of albumin related to the enhancement of its detoxicating function was found in patients with the regression of neurological deficit. It has been assumed that some nonspecific humoral reactions play a pathogenetic role in the acute period of ischemic stroke.

[Role of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in disturbances of endogenic detoxication in ischemic stroke patients].

Oxidative stress is a pathogenetic factor of ischemic stroke. Enhancement in the activity of one of xenobiotic transformation enzymes and biogenic amines (serum semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO)) leads to the higher production of secondary toxins stimulating oxidative stress. We studied 38 patients (mean age 69,5 +/- 7,2 years) in the early restoration period of ischemic stroke. A control group included 17 age- and sex-matched healthy people. Severity of neurological and functional deficits was assessed with the NIHSS and the Barthel index, respectively. A number of biochemical parameters: serum SSAO activity, concentration of middle-sized molecules (MSM) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The higher concentration of MSM (0,80 +/- 0,22 and 0,5 +/- 0,1 g/l) and MDA (4,5 +/- 1,25 and 3,66 +/- 0,15 mmol/ml), respectively, was found in patients compared to the controls (p < 0,001). The correlative increase in MSM and MDA suggest the formation of chronic oxidative stress in the 4-5 months of disease. The changes in SSAO activity in patients with ischemic stroke that differed from controls were seen in 84% of cases while the increase in SSAO activity was found in 31% of patients. The pathogenetic link between the increase in SSAO activity and severity of neurological deficit was shown. This increase might be one of the pathogenetic links in the disturbance of neuroplasticity.

[Endogenous intoxication and compensatory reactions in the restoration period of ischemic stroke].

An aim of the study was to assess the severity of the syndrome of nonspecific metabolic endogenous intoxication (EI) and characteristics of compensatory reaction of serum albumin (SA) in patients in the early restoration period (4-5 months) of ischemic stroke (II). We measured levels of middle-sized molecules (MSM) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and determined parameters of functional activity of SA in 30 patients (mean age 69 +/- 8 years) after the first II and in 17 age- and sex-matched healthy people. Neurological deficit and functional restoration of patients were assessed with the NIHSS and Barthel index. The increase of MSM and MDA concentrations was found in 98% and 88% patients, respectively, as compared to healthy people (p<0,01). These metabolic disturbances were associated with the formation of EI and caused functional-structural changes of SA molecules. The correlation between changes of effective concentrations of SA and MDA was characteristic of the group of patients with II. The increase of total SA concentration was found in 87% of cases compared to controls (p<0,01) that indicated the manifestation of compensatory reaction of SA in response to EI. The decrease of all SA parameters, including the total concentration, was noted in 13% of patients and was associated with the decompensatory reaction to SA. The rehabilitation of CNS dysfunctions was associated with the undamaged SA compensatory reaction. The functional-structural changes of SA molecules in patients in the restoration period of II may lead to the changes in drug disposition, i.e. pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, thus reducing possibilities of rehabilitation therapy.

[Disturbance of monoaminooxidase activity and indices of endogenous intoxication in patients with the first episode of schizophrenia].

An aim of the paper was to study some biochemical parameters of drug-naïve patients with the first episode of schizophrenia. Activities of platelet monoaminooxidase (MAO) and semicarbazide, a sensitive blood serum aminooxidase (BSA), levels of middle-sized molecules (MSM) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA), parameters of functional state of serum albumin were assessed in 16 patients. Severity of symptoms in patients with the first episode of schizophrenia was assessed as moderate (PANSS scores 73.1+/-12.5) before the treatment. The increase of MAO by 107%, reduction of BSA by 29% and increase of MSM level by 140% was found in patients compared to controls (p<0.01). The study of other biochemical (MDA level) and biophysical (effective albumin concentration) parameters did not yield unequivocal results. It has been suggested that MAO and BSA are integral components of pathogenetic mechanisms in patients with the first episode of schizophrenia.

[Conformational disturbances of serum albumin binding sites in schizophrenia].

The properties of serum albumin binding sites were studied using quenching of fluorescence of the molecular probe CAPIDAN (N-carboxyphenylimide of dimethylaminonaphthalic acid) with the nitrate anion. The samples of serum were obtained from 24 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 24 healthy volunteers. In the absence of quencher the specific probe fluorescence was 1,4 times higher in patients than in volunteers. Fluorescence quenching constant for the probe bound to albumin was (M+/-m) 2,48+/-0,17 l/mol in patients versus 4,65+/-0,37 l/mol (p<0,01) in volunteers (p<0,01). The fluorescence fraction assessable to quenching was significantly (p<0,01) lower in schizophrenic patients as compared to controls (0,60+/-0,03 and 0,76+/-0,03) respectively). Thus, it is shown that in patients with schizophrenia the conformational state of albumin binding sites is significantly changed as compared to controls that can lead to the changes in the protein-ligand interaction and, thus, contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease and patient's response to treatment.

[Dynamics of biochemical parameters in patients with anxious depression treated with serotonergic antidepressants with different mechanisms of action].

The aim of the study was to compare the dynamics of some biochemical parameters in patients with anxious depression treated with tianeptine (coaxil) - serotonin reuptake enhancer and sertraline (zofort) - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Forty-three patients with ICD-10 diagnosis of anxious depression (F32.1 and F33.1) were included in the study. Comparing to healthy volunteers, the significant increase of platelet monoamine oxidase activity by 95% and concentration of middle molecules (middle-mass endotoxic molecules) by 86% and decrease of serum amine oxidase activity by 43% and functional albumin activity by 38% was found in patients. An analysis of the biochemical profiles revealed the changes in opposite directions of all investigated parameters for antidepressants with different effects on serotonin reuptake though both tianeptine and sertraline were effective in the treatment of anxious depression.

[Effects of haloperidol therapy on dynamics of serum albumin binding capacity in patients with schizophrenia]. / Vliianie terapii galoperidolom na dinamiku pokazatelei sviazyvaiushchei sposobnosti al'bumina syvorotki krovi u bol'nykh shizofreniei.

Time course of blood serum albumin binding capacity was studied by the fluorescent method in schizophrenics, including those treated with haloperidol. Effective and total albumin concentrations were measured and binding reserve estimated, which was equal to ratio of effective to total albumin concentrations multiplied by 100%. Effective albumin concentrations and albumin binding reserve were found markedly reduced in the patients vs. healthy donors. Drastic changes of albumin binding reserve from one examination to another and a trend to increase of effective concentration of albumin were characteristic of patients administered haloperidol. In the patients administered no haloperidol albumin binding reserve was as a rule unchanged and effective albumin concentration had a trend to reduction.

[Characteristics of the method and reagents in fluorescent determination of effective and total concentration of serum albumin]. / Nekotorye kharakteristiki metoda i reaktivov dlia fliuorestsentnogo opredeleniia éffektivnoi i obshchei kontsentratsii syvorotochnogo al'bumina.

The characteristics of fluorescent essay of total and effective albumin concentrations by Zond-Albumin kit (experimental lot) were as follows: intraseries reproducibility in measurements not more than 1.6%, the error in serum dosage being mainly responsible for the total error. After unsealing the ampules the reagents may be stored at 5 degrees C for at least a week. Fluorescence intensity recorded in measurements in the majority of samples is stable for at least 50 min after addition of reagents. Measured values of total albumin concentration coincide with the results of measuring mass albumin concentration by bromocresol blue method, coefficient of linear correlation r = 0.98.

[Serum amine oxidase activity in children with mental deficiency]. / K aminoksidaznoi aktivnosti syvorotki krovi u detei s intellektual'noi nedostatochnost'iu.

Correlation between a degree of mental deficiency and an activity of amine oxidase in blood serum as well as therapeutic efficiency of encephabole were found in children with mental deficiency of various genesis. Nootropile decreased the blood serum amine oxidase activity in the patients as well as the drug lowered the monoamine oxidase activity in brain mitochondria of young rats with antenatal hypoxia.

[Excretion of monoamines, their precursors and metabolites in the hyperactivity syndrome in mentally defective children]. / Ekskretsiia monoaminov, ikh predshestvennikov i metabolitov pri giperaktivnom sindrome u detei s intellektual'noi nedostatochnost'iu.

Alterations on dynamics of excretion with urine of dopamine, noradrenaline, vanilylmandelic acid and N1-methyl nicotinamide were detected in 7-11 years old children with mental insufficiency accompanied by effective component of the hyperdynamic syndrome in the course of treatment with sidnocarb and sonapax. Sidnocarb was shown to alter positively the excretion of noradrenaline and sonapax--that of N1-methyl nicotinamide. Clinical features of the hyperdynamic syndrome should be taken into consideration in prescription of drug therapy.

[Clinico-pathogenetic correlations in intellectual deficiency in premature infants]. / Kliniko-patogeneticheskie korreliatsii pri intellektual'noi nedostatochnosti u nedonoshennykh detei.

The comparison of 32 immature infants with mental retardation of various degree (based on the results of clinical, immunological and biochemical examinations) with full-term infants with analogous pathology showed in the former group a high incidence (82.8%) of cerebral antibodies to antigens of the homo- and heterological brain in the complement consumption test. Therapeutic measures helped to reduce neuroimmune changes while the presence of antibodies to the homologous brain remained stable. Using data on the excretion of vanillyl amygdalic and homovanillic acids, the authors established alterations in catecholamine catabolism as well as in the activity of serum amine oxidase, which depended on the degree of mental retardation. Changes in individual components of catecholamine metabolism were found to correlate with neuroimmune shifts. The data obtained point to the presence of changes in biogenic amine metabolism and in immunological processes in mentally retarded children, which are very likely to be caused by immaturity at birth.

[Changes in the levels of adrenergic and serotoninergic indices in patients with depressive states]. / Nekotorye osobennosti izmeneniia urovnia adrenergicheskikh i serotoninergicheskikh pokazatelei u bol'nykh s depressivnymi sostoianiiami.

The blood and urine levels of biogenic amines and their metabolites were examined in 37 males with depressions chiefly of schizophrenic nature. The content of almost all catecholamines in the urine, as well as the level of serotonin in the blood were found to be lowered, however, the excretion of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid with the urine remained unchanged. A rise of the noradrenaline blood level and of the homovanillic acid: dopamine ratio were noted. In patients with agitated depression, the noradrenaline content in the urine was higher than in patients with melancholic depression. A positive therapeutic effect and, even to a greater extent, egress from the depression were accompanied with a rise of the urine levels of almost all the agents examined.