RESUMO
Background: Irritability, impulsivity, and agitation in elderly patients with dementia are highly prevalent and extremely burdening for patients, caregivers, and medical staff. In general hospitals, they have been one of the major problems that develop and disturb care and treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying these symptoms remain unclear, and there is no established treatment. In actual clinical practice, antipsychotic drugs and mood stabilizers have been mainly used as pharmacotherapies for these symptoms, but adverse effects of these drugs have often been problematic. Case Presentation: We report two valuable cases of elderly patients who were admitted to our hospital due to physical disorders and developed irritability, impulsivity, and agitation, which were effectively treated with guanfacine at very low doses and in a short period. Conclusion: The present cases suggest that guanfacine may be a therapeutic option for treating irritability, impulsivity, and agitation in elderly patients.
RESUMO
Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a clinical syndrome of episodic sympathetic hyperactivities following severe acquired brain injury. It is characterized by paroxysmal hyperthermia, tachycardia, hypertension, tachypnea, excessive diaphoresis, and specific posturing. Although the persistence of PSH increases the risk of several adverse events and worsens the prognosis, pharmacological treatments for PSH have not yet been clearly established. We report the valuable case of a 60-year-old man who developed PSH following hypoxic encephalopathy, which was effectively treated with a combination therapy of gabapentin and guanfacine. The present case suggests that combination therapy with gabapentin and guanfacine may be a therapeutic option for PSH.
Assuntos
Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Hipertensão , Hipóxia Encefálica , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/complicações , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/tratamento farmacológico , Gabapentina/uso terapêutico , Guanfacina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We compared brain perfusion image using 3D-SSP analysis of (123)I-IMP SPECT between Parkinson's disease patients with auditory verbal hallucination and those without auditory hallucination. METHODS: Eighty-three cases with Parkinson's disease were studied. In 6 of these patients, auditory hallucination was noted. Among them, four cases had verbal hallucination and two other cases had elementary hallucination. Auditory hallucination was not found in the other 77 cases. RESULTS: Right thalamic perfusion was significantly increased in the verbal hallucination group compared to the group that lacked auditory hallucination. CONCLUSION: In Parkinson's disease, the right thalamic hyperactive state may be related to verbal hallucination.
Assuntos
Alucinações/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Parkinson/diagnóstico por imagem , Núcleos Talâmicos/irrigação sanguínea , Núcleos Talâmicos/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Circulação Cerebrovascular , Feminino , Alucinações/classificação , Alucinações/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença de Parkinson/complicações , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton ÚnicoRESUMO
The objective was to compare brain perfusion image using 3-dimensional stereotactic surface projection analysis of N-isopropyl-p-123I iodoamphetamine single photon emission computed tomography between Parkinson's disease patients with a high frontal assessment battery score and those with a low frontal assessment battery score. Thirty nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease were studied. Patients were divided into 2 groups: a high-scoring group whose frontal assessment battery score was 12 or more and a low-scoring group whose frontal assessment battery score was 11 or less. The high-scoring group included 21 patients, and the low-scoring group included 9 patients. They underwent N-isopropyl-p-123I iodoamphetamine single photon emission computed tomography, and we analyzed the data by the 3-dimensional stereotactic surface projection method. Results showed that left inferior parietal lobule and left supramarginal gyrus perfusion of the low-scoring group were significantly decreased compared with the high-scoring group. It is concluded that patients with Parkinson's disease may have frontal lobe dysfunction, but the decreased frontal assessment battery score may be caused not by progressed frontal lobe dysfunction but by parietal lobe dysfunction added to their preexisting frontal lobe impairment.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/irrigação sanguínea , Lobo Frontal/irrigação sanguínea , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento Tridimensional , Testes Neuropsicológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença de Parkinson/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Idoso , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo/fisiologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Dominância Cerebral/fisiologia , Feminino , Lobo Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Radioisótopos do Iodo , Iofetamina , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Lobo Parietal/irrigação sanguínea , Lobo Parietal/fisiopatologia , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intellectual deterioration occurs in 10-40% of patients with Parkinson's disease. However, there are many conflicting studies on its relation with brain perfusion and the nature of this dementing process remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To compare cortical perfusion by SPECT using (123)I-IMP between Parkinson's disease patients with dementia and those without dementia and to investigate the correlation between dementia in Parkinson's disease and brain perfusion in various areas. METHODS: Fifty-two cases of Parkinson's disease and 10 control cases were studied. The Parkinson's disease with dementia group included 30 cases and the Parkinson's disease without dementia group included 22 cases. RESULTS: By multiple logistic regression method, we demonstrated significant hypoperfusion in the occipital cortex in Parkinson's disease with dementia. CONCLUSIONS: The cause of dementia in Parkinson's disease may vary. We demonstrated that occipital hypoperfusion was closely correlated to dementia in Parkinson's disease compared to frontal, parietal and temporal perfusion.
Assuntos
Demência/diagnóstico por imagem , Iofetamina , Doença de Parkinson/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Idoso , Demência/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Doença de Parkinson/complicaçõesRESUMO
Gait disturbance is a cardinal symptom in patients with Parkinson's disease. Among the gait disturbances, freezing of gait is a unique and troublesome symptom, but its mechanism is unclear. We compared brain perfusion images using three-dimensional stereotactic surface projection analysis of N-isopropyl-p-123I iodoamphetamine single photon emission computed tomography between Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait and those without. Twenty-four cases (freezing of gait group) with Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait, and 31 Hoehn and Yahr stage-matched cases (no freezing of gait group) with Parkinson's disease without freezing of gait were studied. Bilateral Brodmann area 11 perfusion of the freezing of gait group decreased significantly compared to that of the no freezing of gait group. The Brodmann area 11 may play important roles in gait, and impairment in this region may have a close relationship with freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/irrigação sanguínea , Circulação Cerebrovascular/fisiologia , Marcha , Imageamento Tridimensional/instrumentação , Transtornos dos Movimentos/fisiopatologia , Doença de Parkinson/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Iofetamina , Masculino , Transtornos dos Movimentos/diagnóstico , Córtex Pré-Frontal/irrigação sanguínea , Córtex Pré-Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiopatologia , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The patterns of regional cerebral blood flow in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy remain inconsistent. OBJECTIVES: To compare brain perfusion images of 123I-IMP SPECT between Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonian features (MSA-P) and controls. METHODS: Eighty-two patients with Parkinson's disease, 10 patients with MSA-P and 14 controls were studied. We performed 3D-SSP and volume of interest analysis using 123I-IMP scintigraphy. RESULTS: Occipital perfusion of MSA-P increased compared to that of Parkinson's disease and perfusion in the cerebellum and primary sensorimotor cortex of Parkinson's disease increased compared to that of MSA-P. Perfusion in the putamen of MSA-P decreased compared to that of Parkinson's disease. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated perfusion differences in 123I-IMP SPECT between the two diseases.