[Effect of precursors and modulators of coenzyme Q biosynthesis on the heart mitochondria function in aged rats].

Our research demonstrate that ageing leads to changes in activity of electron-transporting enzyme complexes in myocardial mitochondria of old rats and to increased sensitivity of mitochondrial permeability transition pore to inductors of its opening--Ca2+ and phenylarsine oxide. We also observed activation of lipid and protein free-radical peroxidation processes. Administration of a complex of biologically active substances that included precursors and modulators of coenzyme Q biosynthesis (alpha-tocopherol acetate, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and methionine) we observed the increase in coenzyme Q content, correction of functional activity of mitochondrial electron-transport chain enzyme complexes, the decrease in intensivity of lipid and protein free-radical peroxidation in the heart and the decrease in sensitivity of mitochondrial permeability transition pore to inductors of its opening. This complex may be used to treat mitochondrial dysfunction under numerous pathologies of cardiovascular system, as well as in ageing.

[Study of the effect of a short-chain vitamin E analog on the structural and functional state of the plasma membrane of cardiomyocytes in vitro]. / Vyvchennia vplyvu korotkolantsiuhovoho analoha vitaminu E na strukturno-funktsional'nyi stan membran kardiomiotsytiv in vitro.

The results of study of influence of C6-analog of alpha-tocopherol on the structural and functional state of cardiomyocytes plasma membranes (CPM) in vitro are given. Under condition of incubation of CPM of intact animals the level of phospholipids was decreased, the level of fatty acids was increased, intensity of processes of free-radical oxidation (FRO) was significantly increased and activity of Na+, K(+)-ATPase was decreased in control samples of CPM. The analog of vitamin E supplementation at a concentration of 10 mg/ml of the medium significantly prevented the development of these changes. All of these can be evidence of effective membranes protective action of C6-analog of vitamin E on CPM.

[Structural-functional status of the cardiomyocyte cell membrane under experimental pathology]. / Strukturno-funktsional'nyi stan plazmatychnykh membran kardiomiotsytiv za umov eksperymental'noï patolohiï.

The results of research conducted on the cardiomyocytes plasma membranes structural and functional state under the experimental stress and atherosclerosis are displayed in this article. These experimental pathology is determined to be accompanied by some stereotypic quantitative and qualitative modifications occurred in the lipid matrix of the cardiomyocytes plasma membranes--increase of cholesterol content, decrease of phospholipids, accumulation of lisophospholipids and fatty acid. There are demonstrated results that the experimental stress has an atherogenic effect on the plasma membranes of cells by imputting the cholesterol into the membrane even in the intact animals with normal lipid metabolism. All these modifications are also accompanied by the activation of free-radical oxidation. All these changes are capable to lie in the basis of physical and chemical properties mechanism modification of membranes: modification of lipid matrix, change of viscosity, ion-transport properties of cardiomyocytes membranes, oppression of Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity.

[The amino acid composition of the antigenic structures of the human heart conduction system]. / Aminokislotnyi sostav antigennykh struktur provodiashchei sistemy serdtsa cheloveka.

Amino acid composition of proteins from antigen preparations of the human heart conduction system has been studied. Differences in amino acid composition and relative affinity of the structure of two groups were found: between the sinus and atrioventricular nodes, the His bundle and contractile myocardium.

[Autosensitization to myofibrillar proteins of myocardium in patients with different clinical forms of ischemic heart disease]. / Autosensybilizatsiia do miofibryliarnykh bilkiv miokarda u khvorykh z riznymy klinichnymy formamy ishemichnoi khvoroby sertsia.

An indirect ELISA method has been used to study formation of autoantibodies (AA) to myocardial myofibrillar proteins in patients with different clinical IHD forms. Purified myosin (MS), actin (AC) and tropomyosin (TM) of the intact human myocardium acted as antigens. The highest level of AA to MS and AC was found in patients with AMI (acute myocardial infarct): it exceeded twice that of the norm and 1.5 times that in patients with IAP (instable angina pectoris). Moreover the AA level in IAP patients exceeded that of normal 1.5 times. In PC (postinfactional cardiosclerosis) patients the MS AA and AC AA tend to the norm. The TM AA contents in PC patients is 1.2 times higher than that in AMI and IAP patients, not differing from the norm in all patient groups. The role of autosensibilization to contrectile proteins in progress of IHD and development of AMI is discussed.

[Autoimmune processes in patients with different forms of the clinical course of ischemic heart disease]. / Autoimmunnye protsessy u bol'nykh s razlichnymi formami klinicheskogo techeniia ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

A study of autoimmune processes in 286 patients with different clinical forms of ischemic heart disease revealed a high frequency of antibodies to "healthy myocardium" antigen in patients with non-stable stenocardia and acute myocardial infarction that may indicate acquirement of antigenic properties of the healthy myocardium. Patients with unstable stenocardia also show an increased antibody titer to vascular antigens that indicates the possible role of activation of autoimmune reactions in the mechanisms of destabilization of the clinical course of ischemic heart disease.

[The effect of hypoxia due to iron-deficiency anemia on the physicochemical properties of biological membranes]. / Vplyv gipoksiï, zumovlenoï zalizodefitsytnoiu anemiieiu, na fiziko-khimichni vlastyvosti biolohichnykh membran.

The lipid structure and Ca2+ permeability of red blood cell, hepatocyte and cardiomyocyte membranes were determined while investigating the effect of hypoxia caused by iron deficiency anemia upon the structural and functional state of biological membranes. The lipid composition and barrier characteristics of membranes change under conditions of hypoxia caused by experimental iron deficiency anemia. Quantitative changes in the cell membrane lipids may be considered as an important molecular mechanism of Ca2+ transport disorder in membranes, increase of Ca2+ permeability producing its surplus in the cells and subsequent metabolic homeostatic disturbances.

[The data from clinical, instrumental and laboratory studies as markers in the prognosis of the restabilization process in patients with a history of unstable stenocardia]. / Dannye klinicheskikh, instrumental'nykh i laboratornykh issledovanii kak markery prognoza restabilizatsii protsessa u bol'nykh, perenesshikh nestabil'nuiu stenokardiiu.

With the purpose of preventing the development of acute clinical ischemic lesions of the myocardium, and their further progression, regression of coronary atherosclerosis the authors followed up for more than one year 250 patients with unstable stenocardia and singled out two groups of these patients, each group having important differences as to coronary reserve, functional state of the myocardium, lipid spectrum, dynamics of vasoactive substances, immunological reactivity, thrombocytic activity. Early detection of groups with an unfavourable course of IHD in patients with unstable stenocardia will allow to optimize treatment and avoid development of acute coronary catastrophies.

Age-dependent effects of ischemia and reperfusion on cardiac function and Ca2+ transport in myocardium.

Experiments on isolated hearts from adult and old rats have proved an age-dependent decrease in the resistance of contractile function and cardiac rhythm to ischemia and reperfusion. The restriction of coronary flow by 70% produced significant changes in various links of the Ca2+ transport system (an increase in sarcolemmal permeability for Ca2+ and a decrease in Ca(2+)-accumulating capacity of sarcoplasmic reticulum included). These changes, more marked in old animals, seemed to play an important role in the mechanisms of disturbances in cardiac function following coronary insufficiency.

[The age-related characteristics of the contractile function and of the calcium-transport system of the rat myocardium under conditions of restricted coronary perfusion]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti sokratitel'noi funktsii i kal'tsii-transportnoi sistemy miokarda krys v usloviiakh ogranicheniia koronarnoi perfuzii.

In experiments on isolated rat heart, it has been shown that in old animals the sensitivity to restriction of the coronary perfusion increases whereas the resistance of the heart to this restriction decreases. It was established that incomplete reversible ischaemia causes significant changes in different steps of Ca2(+)-transporting system of the myocardium which are more evident in older animals and which presumably account for the increased sensitivity of cardiac muscle to ischaemia.

[Study of tissue coagulation factors of native and cryopreserved bone marrow]. / Izuchenie tkanevykh faktorov svertyvaniia nativnogo i konservirovannogo kostnogo mozga.

Status of thromboplastin, antiheparin and antithrombin characteristics of the native and cryopreserved bone marrow was studied experimentally on 12 rabbits. It is found that both the native and cryopreserved bone marrow possesses a pronounced and dilution resistant thromboplastin activity, whereas antithrombin and heparin activities were statistically unauthentic. In that connection the bone marrow injected into blood circulation may have different effects depending on the initial state of the recipient blood coagulation. The fact should be taken into account in clinics.

[The contractile function and calcium-transport system of the myocardium in aging]. / Sokratitel'naia funktsiia i kal'tsii-transportnaia sistema miokarda pri starenii.

Experiments with different species of animals and different models (in situ heart, isolated perfused heart, isolated papillary muscle) revealed a reduction of functional capacity of ageing heart. A decrease of Ca2+ uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria and diverse age-dependent shifts were found in sarcolemma. The data obtained suggest that the development of the cardiac contractile function disorders in ageing largely depends of the age-related changes in the Ca2+ transport system.

Contractile function and Ca2+ transport system of myocardium in ageing.

Experiments with animals with various species-specific life span (rats, rabbits, cats, dogs) and different models (in situ heart, isolated perfused heart, isolated papillary muscle) have proved the reduction of functional capacity of the ageing heart. Diversely directional age-dependent shifts have been established involving myocardial Ca2+ transport system, i.e. an increase in the rate of Na+-Ca2+ exchange and passive Ca2+ transport across sarcolemma and a decrease in its Ca2+-binding capacity and a decrease in Ca2+ accumulation by sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria (Ca2+ uptake). The experiments revealed a decrease in the Ca2+ ATPase myosin activity in the myocardium of aged animals and absence of age changes in the K+ ATPase activity. The findings obtained suggest that the development in the cardiac contractile function disorders in ageing largely depends on the age-related changes in the Ca2+ transport system.

[Ion-transport system and various components of sarcolemma structure during acute myocardial ischemia]. / Iontransportnaia sistema i nekotorye komponenty struktury sarkolemmy v usloviiakh ostroi ishemii miokarda.

Ion transport properties and some components of lipid structure in myocardial sarcolemma were studied under conditions of short-term acute ischemia simulated in rabbits by means of intravenous administration of vasopressin at a dose of 0.2 U/kg. The acute coronary insufficiency was accompanied by distinct alterations in the parameters specific for calcium metabolism and transport: activity of Na+, K+-ATPase and the rate of Na+Ca2+ turnover were decreased, while 45Ca-binding ability and content of Ca2+ were increased in the myocardial sarcolemma. Alterations in lipid structure, phospholipid composition of membranes and accumulation of free fatty acids appear to be responsible for the phenomenon observed. The increased rate of calcium ions transport found may occur due to alterations in the sarcolemma structure.

[Calcium accumulating ability of various membrane structures of the myocardium in experimental coronary insufficiency]. / Kal'tsii-akkumuliruiushchaia sposobnost' nekotorykh membrannykh struktur miokarda pri éksperimental'noi koronarnoi nedostatochnosti.

Disturbances in properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca-pump are found under conditions of experimental coronary insufficiency and confirmed by a decrease in the Ca2+-ATPase activity and in ability to the 45Ca uptake by SR membranes. Simultaneously the Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria increases. It is established that a rise in the total Ca content in the myocardium tissue is accompanied by its redistribution between the subcellular membrane structures and its accumulation in mitochondria. The found shifts may underlie disturbances in energy supply and a decrease in the contractile myocardium function with ischemia.

[The functional state of the myocardium and ECG manifestations of its ischemia during an exercise test in patients with ischemic heart disease]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie miokarda i proiavlenie ego ishemii na EKG pri fizicheskoi nagruzke u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

The area of exercise-associated ischemia in coronary patients was shown to depend on both total heart arterial damage and functional status of the myocardium. Stress related electrocardiographic ST depression in a limited number of leads was associated with satisfactory myocardial function. Generalized exercise-induced ischemia developed where left-ventricular myocardial function was disturbed significantly. Changes in erythrocyte calcium concentrations were the greatest in those patients whose myocardial function was disordered considerably.

[ATPase activity and binding of calcium by sarcoplasmic reticulum of the myocardium in coronary insufficiency]. / ATF-aznaia aktivnost' i sviazyvanie kal'tsiia sarkoplazmaticheskim retikulumom miokarda pri koronarnoi nedostatochnosti.

After local restriction by 70% and 90% of coronary circulation the properties of calcium pump were altered in myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), since the activity of Ca2+-dependent ATPase and binding of 45Ca2+ by the SR membranes in the ischemic zone and out of it were decreased. Increase in the ischemic state made these alterations more distinct. Under conditions of the experiment content of ATP decreased and the metabolism of electrolytes was altered. A decrease in potassium and an increase in intracellular sodium content as well as a marked decrease in the ratio Ki/Ke were noted. Content of Ca2+ was simultaneously increased 2-2.5-fold in myocardium. These alterations might be responsible for impairment of normal ratios of systole/diastole cycles as well as for a decrease in the contractile functions of myocardium in ischemia.