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1.
Radiographics ; 43(6): e220181, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37227944

RESUMO

Quantitative imaging biomarkers of liver disease measured by using MRI and US are emerging as important clinical tools in the management of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Because of their high accuracy and noninvasive nature, in many cases, these techniques have replaced liver biopsy for the diagnosis, quantitative staging, and treatment monitoring of patients with CLD. The most commonly evaluated imaging biomarkers are surrogates for liver fibrosis, fat, and iron. MR elastography is now routinely performed to evaluate for liver fibrosis and typically combined with MRI-based liver fat and iron quantification to exclude or grade hepatic steatosis and iron overload, respectively. US elastography is also widely performed to evaluate for liver fibrosis and has the advantage of lower equipment cost and greater availability compared with those of MRI. Emerging US fat quantification methods can be performed along with US elastography. The author group, consisting of members of the Society of Abdominal Radiology (SAR) Liver Fibrosis Disease-Focused Panel (DFP), the SAR Hepatic Iron Overload DFP, and the European Society of Radiology, review the basics of liver fibrosis, fat, and iron quantification with MRI and liver fibrosis and fat quantification with US. The authors cover technical requirements, typical case display, quality control and proper measurement technique and case interpretation guidelines, pitfalls, and confounding factors. The authors aim to provide a practical guide for radiologists interpreting these examinations. © RSNA, 2023 See the invited commentary by Ronot in this issue. Quiz questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Sobrecarga de Ferro , Hepatopatias , Humanos , Ferro , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico por imagem , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Fígado/diagnóstico por imagem , Fígado/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Hepatopatias/patologia , Sobrecarga de Ferro/diagnóstico por imagem , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade/métodos , Radiologistas , Biomarcadores
2.
J Thorac Imaging ; 35(3): W68-W74, 2020 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31688461

RESUMO

Systemic arterial air embolism (SAAE) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that may occur when air enters into pulmonary veins or directly into the systemic circulation after pulmonary procedures (biopsy or resection) or penetrating trauma to the lung. While venous air embolism is commonly reported, arterial air embolism is rare. Even a minor injury to the chest along with positive-pressure ventilation can cause SAAE. Small amounts of air may cause neurological or cardiac symptoms depending on the affected arteries, while massive embolism can result in fatal cardiovascular collapse. We discuss the various causes of SAAE, including trauma, computed tomography-guided lung biopsy, and various intervention procedures such as mechanical circulatory support device implantation, coronary catheterization, and atrial fibrillation repair. SAAE diagnosis can be overlooked because its symptoms are not specific, and confirmation of the presence of air in the arterial system is difficult. Although computed tomography is the optimal imaging tool for diagnosis, patient instability and resuscitation often precludes its use. When imaging is performed, awareness of the causes of SAAE allows the radiologist to promptly diagnose the condition and relay findings to the clinicians so that treatment, namely hyperbaric oxygen therapy, may be started promptly.


Assuntos
Embolia Aérea/diagnóstico por imagem , Embolia Aérea/etiologia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Ferimentos e Lesões/complicações , Embolia Aérea/terapia , Humanos , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/métodos , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem/efeitos adversos , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem
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