RESUMO
Law enforcement agencies in the UK are embracing evidence-based policing and recognise the importance of human source intelligence (HUMINT) in the decision-making process. A review of the literature identified six categories likely to impact the handling of a covert human intelligence source (CHIS) or an informant: (a) handler personality traits; (b) informant motivation; (c) rapport; (d) gaining cooperation; (e) obtaining information, and (f) detecting deception. This study sought to identify which of these categories current HUMINT practitioners considered the most when planning and conducting a meeting with an informant. A bespoke online survey was designed and disseminated to 34 practitioners using purposive and snowball sampling. Directed content analysis and thematic content analysis were conducted. Results indicate that practitioners appear most concerned with gaining co-operation (d) and detecting deception (f). Results also found an inter-connectivity between the six categories, with informant handlers often having to balance competing requirements. Implications for future research are discussed.
RESUMO
Poor correlation has been reported between the Roche Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas (TaqMan) HIV-1 TaqMan assay and the Roche Cobas Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor version 1.5 Amplicor assay. We report 8 patients who experienced unexplained detectable viremia, despite exemplary medication adherence, following a change in viral quantification assay from Amplicor to TaqMan in January 2008. All patients were found to have undetectable HIV RNA by branched DNA (bDNA) assay.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Taq Polimerase , Carga Viral/fisiologia , Viremia/virologia , Adulto , Antirretrovirais/farmacologia , Antirretrovirais/uso terapêutico , Ensaio de Amplificação de Sinal de DNA Ramificado , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , HIV-1/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Viral/sangue , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Viremia/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance has been an ongoing consideration even in patients who are treatment naive. The authors retrospectively selected all eligible patients from a US-based urban HIV clinic who had a genotypic resistance assay performed prior to the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Clinically significant resistance was detected in 8% of assays, and was comparable when stratified by duration of time from diagnosis to genotypic resistance assay.