Significant Anticancer Activity of a Venom Fraction Derived from the Persian Gulf Sea Anemone, Stichodactyla haddoni.

Chemotherapy is still one of the main therapeutic regimens in cancer patients but its toxicity is a hard challenge for every patient yet. One of the available solutions is tracing for non-toxic anticancer agents from natural resources. Numerous proteins and peptides in the venom of sea anemones are potentially useful agents with pharmacological properties. Concerning to significance of this issue, the current study was aimed to finding a non-toxic anticancer fraction from the venom of the Persian Gulf sea anemone, Stichodactyla haddoni. Anticancer and hemolytic activity of crude venom was evaluated and followed by fractionation using RP-HPLC. Breast, Brain, and Colon cancer cell lines were selected to assessment of anticancer activity and toxicity. IC50 of crude venom on the abovementioned cancer cell lines was as 4.13, 6.58, and 31.54 µg, respectively. According to the results obtained by paired sample t-test and comparison of toxicity of the fractions in normal cell line, F10, designated as hadonin, was determined as the candidate anti-cancer fraction. The non-toxic dose of F10 was 20 ng in which showed respectively 66, 29, and 7 anticancer activities on breast, brain, and colon cancer cell lines. According to results, anticancer activity of hadonin is of high pharmaceutical value to follow its therapeutic potency in animal model. In conclusion, the venom of the Persian Gulf sea anemone contains a potential anticancer agent with reasonable activity at nanogram level against three kinds of cancer cells with no toxicity on normal cells.

Toxicity and Potential Pharmacological Activities in the Persian Gulf Venomous Sea Anemone, Stichodactyla haddoni.

Numerous proteins and peptides in venomous marine animals are potentially active molecules with pharmacological properties. Particular condition of the Persian Gulf as a closed ecosystem is a good opportunity to study of biological activities and toxicity of venomous animals. In this study, Stichodactyla haddoni (S. haddoni), a sea anemone, selected to tracing for possible pharmaceutical agents and toxicological characterization. Analgesic, edematogenic, dermonecrotic, LD50, phospholipase, and proteolytic activities of the venom were estimated. LD50 was recorded at 675 µg by intraperitoneal injection. Analgesic activitiy of crude venom on Balb/c mice at both 100 and 150 µg were dose dependent as a linear trend. Three folds increase of activity was seen at both 100 and 150 µg after 240 min comparing to activity of morphine at 200 µg. The crude venom at amount of 0.23 µg produced 50% hemolysis. The highest edematogenic activity was seen on Balb/c mice just two hours after injection for both 168 µg (157%) and 335 µg (247%). The crude venom at 675 µg made 4 mm inflammation area on rabbit skin after 3 h but the amount of 1000 µg induced 8 mm necrosis area. Potent analgesic activity of the venom was seen below its toxic dose that was very greater than the other sea anemones in the other geographical areas. The results indicate that a persistent edematogenic activity could be happened after envenomation. Instant potent edematogenic and rapid dermonecrotic activity were significant phenomena. HD50 at 0.23 µg indicates that a very potent hemolytic agent exists in the venom. The results would also be of high value to better management of envenomation. This study confirmed the great value of further studies on the Persian Gulf S. haddoni venom.