RESUMO
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent cancers around the world and, if not treated well, has high morbidity and mortality. Many studies have indicated that there may be various roles for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the immune system. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 cells (Th17) in BC tissue in comparison with controls and determine the relationship between AHR, Foxp3+ Treg and Th17 cells in BC. A total of 40 patients with BC were enrolled in this study. The control group was selected from non-tumoural parts of bladder tissues from the patients who have undergone cystoscopy. The percentage of regulatory T cells (Foxp3+ /CD4+ ) and Th17 (IL-17+ /CD4+ ), as well as AHR+ cells in BC tissues and controls, were determined by immunohistochemistry. The results of this study showed that the number of Foxp3+ Treg and Th17 is significantly higher in bladder tumour tissues in comparison with non-tumoural tissues. Also, the percentage of AHR+ lymphocytes and AHR+ cells was increased significantly in bladder tumour tissues rather than non-tumoural tissues. This study also found a relation between AHR and Foxp3+ /CD4+ T lymphocytes ratio cells in BC. The percentage of Foxp3+ Tregs and AHR+ cells were significantly correlated with the grade and stage of BC. An increase in the percentage of Foxp3+ Treg and Th17 cells may play an important role in tumour immunity; and determining the relationship between AHR and differentiation of Th17/Foxp3+ Treg in BC can lead to a potential cancer therapeutic possibility.
Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Receptores de Hidrocarboneto Arílico/metabolismo , Linfócitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/metabolismo , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linfócitos T Reguladores/patologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologiaRESUMO
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most epidemic types of cancer in men. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of PCa is involved in the emergence of immunosuppressive factors such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which regulate the immune system by several mechanisms, including interleukin (IL)-10 production. On the other hand, IL-17+ helper T cells (Th17) induce MDSCs and chronic inflammation in TME by producing IL-17. This study demonstrated that the frequency of CD33+ pSTAT3+ MDSC and IL-17+ lymphocyte as well as IL-10 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were significantly higher in the PCa patients than in the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) group. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between the frequency of CD33+ pSTAT3+ MDSC, and IL-17+ lymphocyte with Gleason scores in the PCa group. We suggested that the higher frequency of CD33+ pSTAT3+ MDSC and IL-17+ lymphocyte and the more frequent expression of IL-10 mRNA in PCa patients may play roles in tumor progression from BPH to PCa.
Assuntos
Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Linfócitos/imunologia , Células Supressoras Mieloides/imunologia , Hiperplasia Prostática/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Células Th17/imunologia , Apoptose , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Proliferação de Células , Humanos , Interleucina-10/genética , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-17/genética , Masculino , Células Supressoras Mieloides/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Hiperplasia Prostática/imunologia , Hiperplasia Prostática/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/imunologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/genética , Lectina 3 Semelhante a Ig de Ligação ao Ácido Siálico/genética , Lectina 3 Semelhante a Ig de Ligação ao Ácido Siálico/metabolismo , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Patients, who survived from shotgun injuries, often have some retained lead pellets in their bodies. Several cases of lead toxicity have been reported regarding these patients. OBJECTIVES: This study seeks to compare the serum lead level in patients who have retained lead pellets in their bodies with the control group. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this case-control study, we gathered the serum lead levels of 25 patients with some retained lead pellets in their bodies due to shotgun and 25 volunteers without similar lead exposure and compared them in view of the age, gender, and living place. RESULTS: While the mean serum lead level in both groups was lower than the standard level (i.e. 40 µg/dL) , the mean ± SD of serum lead level were 29 ± 12.8 µg/dL and 25.3 ± 6.4 µg/dL in the case and control groups, respectively without any significant difference (P = 0. 30) . However, a positive relationship was seen between serum lead level, and the number of retained lead pellets (r = 0.447, P = 0. 025) . CONCLUSIONS: Although extensive surgery to remove the lead pellets is not recommended in patients injured with shotguns, those with many retained lead pellets in their bodies should be considered at risk for lead poisoning and monitored carefully.