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Key Clinical Message: This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing Bethlem myopathy, the need for a high index of suspicion, and the importance of recognizing the diverse clinical presentations of this rare condition. Enhanced understanding can aid in early diagnosis and tailored management. Abstract: Bethlem myopathy (BM), a rare collagen VI-related myopathy, is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and contractures, typically affecting the proximal muscles and joints. This case report presents a 15-year-old girl from Tehran, Iran, with a 5-year history of severe limb pain and progressive weakness. Born to consanguineous parents, the patient displayed delayed walking milestones and significant hypotonia, leading to a waddling gait and lumbar hyperlordosis. Neurological examination revealed marked proximal lower limb weakness, a positive Gowers' sign, and absent myotatic reflexes. Elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels and electromyography (EMG) results indicated myopathy, while nerve conduction studies showed no neuropathy. Genetic testing revealed a novel homozygous variant of c.385C>T (p.Arg129Cys) in the COL6A2 gene, classified as a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) per American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines due to its rarity and specific phenotype association. Differential diagnosis is essential to distinguish it from other neuromuscular conditions. Management primarily focuses on symptom relief and enhancing patients' quality of life. This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing BM, the need for a high index of suspicion, and the importance of recognizing the diverse clinical presentations of this rare condition. Enhanced understanding can aid in early diagnosis and tailored management.
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This review analyzed reported data of Cryptosporidium prevalence in camels and the species/genotype distribution. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar) were screened, and studies published by April 1, 2024, were included. Total estimates and 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effects model. The weighted prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in 7372 camels examined from 12 different countries was estimated at 13.8% with a 95% CI of 10.3-18.4%. The sensitivity analysis based on excluding the individual studies did not result in significant statistical changes in the final weighted prevalence. Subgroup prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in camels was analyzed by publication year, continent, WHO region, country, camel type, sample size, diagnostic method, age, and gender. A significant publication bias (P < 0.05) was reported in the present study. Limitations encountered in this study encompassed: insufficient study diversity, reliance on single study results, inadequate molecular and serological studies in comparison to microscopic studies, etc., all of which could impact the findings. The study identified eight Cryptosporidium spp. in camels: C. parvum, C. andersoni, C. bovis, C. muris, C. ratti, C. occultus, C. ubiquitum, and C. hominis. The first three species had pooled prevalence rates of 65.5%, 66%, and 19.2%, respectively. Each of the remaining five species was documented using a single dataset/study. Moreover, genotypes IIdA19G1, IIaA15G1R1, If-like-A15G2, IIdA15G1, IIaA15G2R1, IIaA17G2R1, and IIaA18G2R1 (C. parvum), genotype IV (C. ratti), genotype XIIa (C. ubiquitum), and genotype IkA19G1 (C. hominis) have been identified in camels globally. The findings suggest that camels can act as a source of infection for a variety of Cryptosporidium species/genotypes, and can therefore play a key role in disseminating this protozoan to humans and animals.
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Introduction: Organ dose distribution calculation in radiotherapy and knowledge about its side effects in cancer etiology is the most concern for medical physicists. Calculation of organ dose distribution for breast cancer treatment plans with Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is the main goal of this study. Materials and Methods: Elekta Precise linear accelerator (LINAC) photon mode was simulated and verified using the GEANT4 application for tomographic emission. Eight different radiotherapy treatment plans on RANDO's phantom left breast were produced with the ISOgray treatment planning system (TPS). The simulated plans verified photon dose distribution in clinical tumor volume (CTV) with TPS dose volume histogram (DVH) and gamma index tools. To verify photon dose distribution in out-of-field organs, the point dose measurement results were compared with the same point doses in the MC simulation. Eventually, the DVHs for out-of-field organs that were extracted from the TPS and MC simulation were compared. Results: Based on the implementation of gamma index tools with 2%/2 mm criteria, the simulated LINAC output demonstrated high agreement with the experimental measurements. Plan simulation for in-field and out-of-field organs had an acceptable agreement with TPS and experimental measurement, respectively. There was a difference between DVHs extracted from the TPS and MC simulation for out-of-field organs in low-dose parts. This difference is due to the inability of the TPS to calculate dose distribution in out-of-field organs. Conclusion and Discussion: Based on the results, it was concluded that the treatment plans with the MC simulation have a high accuracy for the calculation of out-of-field dose distribution and could play a significant role in evaluating the important role of dose distribution for second primary cancer estimation.
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In this work, we have reported the design, synthesis, in vitro, and in silico enzymatic evaluation of new bis-4-hydroxycoumarin-based phenoxy-1,2,3-triazole-N-phenylacetamide derivatives 5a-m as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors. All the synthesized analogues showed high inhibition effects against α-glucosidase (IC50 values ranging between 6.0 ± 0.2 and 85.4 ± 2.3 µM) as compared to the positive control acarbose (IC50 = 750.0 ± 0.6 µM). Among the newly synthesized compounds 5a-m, 2,4-dichloro-N-phenylacetamide derivative 5i with inhibition effect around 125-folds more than the acarbose was identified as the most potent entry. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study about the title compounds 5a-m demonstrated that the inhibition effects of these compounds depend on the pattern of substitution on the N-phenylacetamide ring. The interaction modes and binding energies in the active site of enzyme of the important analogues (in term of SAR study) were evaluated through molecular docking study. Molecular dynamics and prediction of pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity of the most potent compound 5i also evaluated and the obtained data was compared with the acarbose.
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4-Hidroxicumarinas , Desenho de Fármacos , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , alfa-Glucosidases , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/química , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/síntese química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismo , alfa-Glucosidases/química , 4-Hidroxicumarinas/química , 4-Hidroxicumarinas/farmacologia , 4-Hidroxicumarinas/síntese química , Simulação por Computador , Domínio Catalítico , Simulação de Dinâmica MolecularRESUMO
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy type 25 with amelogenesis imperfecta (DEE25) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous disease-causing variants in the SLC13A5. These variants can disrupt energy production and delay brain development, leading to DEE25. Key symptoms include refractory seizures, often manifesting in neonates or infants, alongside global developmental delay, intellectual disability, progressive microcephaly, ataxia, spasticity, and speech difficulties. Dental anomalies related to amelogenesis imperfecta are common. Previous studies have typically reported normal or minimally altered early-life brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in DEE25. However, our investigation identified a homozygous splice donor variant (NM_177550.5: c.1437 + 1G >T) in SLC13A5 through whole-exome sequencing in two affected siblings (P1 and P2). They displayed developmental delay, cerebral hypotonia, speech delay, recurrent seizures, mild but constant microcephaly, and motor impairments. Significantly, P1 exhibited novel findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging at age 5, including previously unreported extensive persistent hypomyelination. Meanwhile, P2 showed substantial loss of cerebral white matter in the frontoparietal region and delayed myelination at 18 months old. These discoveries broaden the DEE25 imaging spectrum and highlight the clinical heterogeneity even within siblings sharing the same variants.
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BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major public health issue with no definitive treatment. The first-line approach for obesity is lifestyle modification, including a healthy diet. Although the amount of fat has been considered, there is no network meta-analysis (NMA) study investigating the effect of edible oils on body weight. Therefore, we sought to investigate the effect of different edible oils on body weight using a systematic review and NMA study of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHOD: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to April 2019. RCTs of different edible oils for body weight were included. A frequentist network meta-analysis was conducted to appraise the efficacy of different types of edible oils, and the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA) was estimated. The GRADE framework was used to assess the certainty of evidence. RESULTS: Forty-two eligible studies were included. Most of the included trials examined the effect of olive oil compared to canola oil (n = 7 studies), followed by canola oil compared to sunflower oil (n = 6 studies), and olive oil compared to sunflower oil (n = 4 studies). Sesame oil had the highest SUCRA value for reducing weight (SUCRA value = 0.9), followed by the mixture of canola and sesame oil (0.8). Palm oil and soy oil were ranked the lowest (SUCRA value = 0.2). CONCLUSION: There is low to moderate certainty of evidence showing that soybean, palm, and sunflower oils were associated with weight gain, while sesame oil produced beneficial anti-obesity effects.
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Pineapple is a globally significant tropical fruit, but its cultivation faces numerous challenges due to abiotic and biotic stresses, affecting its quality and quantity. WRKY transcription factors are known regulators of stress responses, however, their specific functions in pineapple are not fully understood. This study investigates the role of AcWRKY31 by overexpressing it in pineapple and Arabidopsis. Transgenic pineapple lines were obtained using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods and abiotic and biotic stress treatments. Transgenic AcWRKY31-OE pineapple plants showed an increased sensitivity to salt and drought stress and an increased resistance to biotic stress from pineapple mealybugs compared to that of WT plants. Similar experiments in AcWRKY31-OE, AtWRKY53-OE, and the Arabidopsis Atwrky53 mutant were performed and consistently confirmed these findings. A comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed 5357 upregulated genes in AcWRKY31-OE pineapple, with 30 genes related to disease and pathogen response. Notably, 18 of these genes contained a W-box sequence in their promoter region. A KEGG analysis of RNA-Seq data showed that upregulated DEG genes are mostly involved in translation, protein kinases, peptidases and inhibitors, membrane trafficking, folding, sorting, and degradation, while the downregulated genes are involved in metabolism, protein families, signaling, and cellular processes. RT-qPCR assays of selected genes confirmed the transcriptomic results. In summary, the AcWRKY31 gene is promising for the improvement of stress responses in pineapple, and it could be a valuable tool for plant breeders to develop stress-tolerant crops in the future.
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Background: We aimed to evaluate the differential expression of nanos and ago genes in the protoscoleces, germinal layer, the neck, and the sucker regions of adult Echinococcus granulosus. Methods: The study was conducted in 2018 at the Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. In the present study E. granulosus protoscoleces were cultured in a di-phasic medium to obtain strobilated worms. The strobilated worms were harvested and using a sterile razor blade, the neck region was separated. In the molecular study the neck sections were compared with the tissues derived from the suckers from the same worm. The primers were specifically designed for RT-qPCR on nanos and ago. The germinative cells were isolated from the cyst germinal layer and cultured in DMEM for further molecular studies. The Immunohisto-chemical profile was designed to explore the nature of nanos protein in the strobilated worms. Differences between and within groups were statistically assessed relative to the protoscoleces. Results: An increasing nanos gene expressions were found in sucker, neck, cells and germinal layer in comparison to the protoscoleces. The expression of ago gene was decreased in sucker, cell and germinal layer, and increased in the neck region in comparison to the protoscoleces. The results showed that both genes were expressed in all developmental stages of E. granulosus. Conclusion: nanos and ago genes were differentially expressed at different developmental stages of E. granulosus and may contribute to differentiation of the parasite.
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Developing Mn-based water-oxidation reaction (WOR) catalysts is key for renewable energy storage, utilizing Mn's abundance, cost-effectiveness, and natural role. Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) has been widely utilized as a sacrificial oxidant in the exploration of WOR catalysts. In this study, advanced techniques, such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), in situ Raman spectroscopy, and in situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), to delve into the WOR facilitated by CAN and birnessite were employed. XANES analysis has demonstrated that the average oxidation states (AOSs) of Mn in birnessite, a birnessite/CAN mixture, and in the birnessite/CAN mixture postwater addition are 3.7, 3.8, and 3.9, respectively. In situ Raman spectroscopy performed in the presence of birnessite and CAN revealed a distinct peak at 784 cm-1, which is attributed to Mn(IV)âO. A shift of this peak to 769 cm-1 in H218O confirms its association with Mn(IV)âO. No change in this peak was observed in D2O, further supporting the notion that it is linked to Mn(IV)âO rather than Mn-OH (D). Furthermore, EPR spectroscopy shows the presence of Mn(IV). It is suggested that the WOR mechanism initiates with the oxidation of birnessite by CAN, which enhances the concentration of Mn(IV) sites in the birnessite structure. Under acidic conditions, birnessite, enriched in Mn(IV), facilitates oxygen evolution and subsequently transitions into a form with reduced Mn(IV) levels. This process highlights the critical function of the Mn (hydr)oxide structure, similar to its role in the water-oxidizing complex of Photosystem II, where it serves as charge storage for oxidizing equivalents from CAN, paving the way for a four-electron reaction that drives the WOR.
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STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. OBJECTIVE: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a common spinal cord disorder necessitating surgery. We aim to explore how effectively diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can distinguish DCM from healthy individuals and assess the relationship between DTI metrics and symptom severity. METHODS: We included studies with adult DCM patients who had not undergone decompressive surgery and implemented correlation analyses between DTI parameters and severity, or compared healthy controls and DCM patients. RESULTS: 57 studies were included in our meta-analysis. At the maximal compression (MC) level, fractional anisotropy (FA) exhibited lower values in DCM patients, while apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were notably higher in the DCM group. Moreover, our investigation into the diagnostic utility of DTI parameters disclosed high sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve values for FA (.84, .80, .83 respectively) and ADC (.74, .84, .88 respectively). Additionally, we explored the correlation between DTI parameters and myelopathy severity, revealing a significant correlation of FA (.53, 95% CI:0.40 to .65) at MC level with JOA/mJOA scores. CONCLUSION: Current guidelines for DCM suggest decompressive surgery for both mild and severe cases. However, they lack clear recommendations on which mild DCM patients might benefit from conservative treatment vs immediate surgery. ADC's role here could be pivotal, potentially differentiating between healthy individuals and DCM. While it may not correlate with symptom severity, it might predict surgical outcomes, making it a valuable imaging biomarker for clearer management decisions in mild DCM.
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BACKGROUND: The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a clinical indicator of peripheral inflammation that is easily accessible. It is worth noting that the formation of amyloid-ß (Aß) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles has been linked to inflammation and immune dysregulation. The main objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to comprehensively evaluate the existing body of research concerning the NLR in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHOD: We conducted a comprehensive online search and included studies that evaluated the NLR in 1) patients with AD or MCI and 2) healthy control (HC) participants. We also pooled mean and standard deviation (SD) data for each group. RESULTS: Ultimately, 12 studies encompassed 1,309 individuals diagnosed with AD with mean NLR levels of 2.68, 1,929 individuals with MCI with mean NLR levels of 2.42, and 2,064 HC with mean NLR levels of 2.06 were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The mean NLR was 0.59 higher in AD patients compared to HC participants (mean difference (MD) = 0.59 [0.38; 0.80]). Similarly, the mean NLR was higher in AD than MCI patients (MD = 0.23 [0.13; 0.33]). Additionally, the mean NLR was higher in individuals with MCI compared to HC participants (MD = 0.37 [0.22; 0.52]). In the subgroup meta-analysis based on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), AD patients with lower MMSE scores (using a cut-off of 20) exhibited significantly higher mean NLR (3.10 vs. 2.70, with a p-value for subgroup differences < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The NLR, which serves as a marker of peripheral inflammation, shows increased levels in individuals with AD and MCI compared to HC participants. Furthermore, our study indicates that NLR levels are significantly higher in AD than MCI. Additionally, our novel finding suggests significantly higher NLR levels among AD patients with more severe cognitive decline compared to AD patients with less severe cognitive decline. So, it can be concluded that the higher cognitive decline in humans is accompanied by higher NLR levels. Further longitudinal researches are needed to explore more details about the relationship between inflammation and dementia.
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Doença de Alzheimer , Disfunção Cognitiva , Linfócitos , Neutrófilos , Doença de Alzheimer/sangue , Humanos , Disfunção Cognitiva/sangue , Contagem de LinfócitosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is associated with infertility. Little is known about the potential circulating biomarkers that could be used to predict POI. We have investigated the possible association between white and red blood cells, platelet indices, and eight established single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with POI risk. METHOD: 117 women with premature menopause (PM) and 183 healthy women without a history of menopause before age 40 were recruited for this study. The tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (Tetra ARMS PCR) and allele-specific oligonucleotides-polymerase chain reaction (ASO-PCR) were carried out for genotyping for eight SNPs reported to be associated with POI. Decision tree analysis was applied to test the diagnostic value of hematological parameters to identify the risk of POI. RESULTS: Women with POI had lower neutrophil (NEUT) and white blood cell (WBC), whereas red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) were higher. Platelet (PLT) count was also lower in affected women. Our data also indicated that HGB and HCT count were significantly associated with rs16991615 and rs244715. Mean Platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) were associated with rs244715, rs1046089, rs4806660, and rs2303369. The rs16991615 was also associated with RBC count, and rs451417 was associated with NEUTs. The decision tree (DT) model reveals that women with the NEUT count at a cut-off value of less than 2.8 and HCT equal to or more than 38.7% could be identified as high-risk cases for POI. Overall, we found the DT approach had a sensitivity = 85%, specificity = 72%, and accuracy = 74%. CONCLUSION: The genetic variants involved in POI are associated with changes in reproductive hormone levels and with changes in hematological indices.
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Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is an effective method for separating suspended oil and solid particles from wastewater by utilizing small air bubbles. This study aims to investigate the impact of key factors, such as saturating pressure and water flow rate, on the separation of fine oil droplets from a water stream. The macroscopic flow patterns within the cell were analyzed using particle image velocimetry (PIV), while Digital Image Analysis (DIA) was employed to study microscopic phenomena, including oil droplet rising velocity and oil-bubble contact mechanisms. Our findings propose a safe operating window (specifically, water flow rate and saturation pressure) for the effective separation of oil droplets without any oil escaping into the clean water stream. It was found that the oil droplet rising velocity increases with the saturation pressure up to 200 kPa. However, a further increase in the pressure of the air saturating chamber leads to a decrease in oil droplet rising velocity. Additionally, we identified a peak in rising velocity at an oil droplet size of approximately 200 µm. Below this threshold, the rising velocity increases with droplet size, while for droplet sizes exceeding 200 µm, the rising velocity decreases with size. This behavior can be explained by the conflicting effects of droplet size increment according to the Stokes law for the rising velocity of oil droplets. As the droplet size increases, the average density of the bubbles/droplet aggregate rises, reducing the ∆ρ in the Stokes law and subsequently lowering the aggregate rising rate. However, as per the Stokes law, the oil droplet rising velocity increases proportionally to the square of its size.
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Aberrant epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation, play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of human diseases. The current review aims to reveal the role of aberrant DNA methylation in the pathogenesis and progression of diseases and to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on this topic. In the review, we mainly summarize the studies exploring the role of aberrant DNA methylation as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in a broad range of human diseases, including monogenic epigenetics, autoimmunity, metabolic disorders, hematologic neoplasms, and solid tumors. The last section provides a general overview of the possibility of the DNA methylation machinery from the perspective of pharmaceutic approaches. In conclusion, the study of DNA methylation machinery is a phenomenal intersection that each of its ways can reveal the mysteries of various diseases, introduce new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and propose a new patient-tailored therapeutic approach for diseases.
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Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common causes of waterborne disease worldwide, and is often associated with outbreaks of diarrhea in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis assemblages in individuals attending major public hospitals in Shiraz, southwestern Iran. From August 2022 to May 2023, a total of 614 stool samples from individuals were collected and initially examined for G. duodenalis cysts using parasitological techniques, sucrose flotation, and microscopy. Microscopy-positive samples were validated by SSU-PCR amplification of the parasite DNA. A multilocus genotyping (MLG) scheme, which focused on the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) and the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes, was employed for genotyping purposes. G. duodenalis cysts were found in 7.5% (46/614) and 8.5% (52/614) of samples through microscopy and SSU-PCR, respectively. Successful amplification and sequencing results were obtained for 77.3% (17/22) and 45.5% (10/22) of the infected samples at the tpi and gdh loci, respectively. MLG data for the two loci were available for only five samples. Out of the 22 samples genotyped at any loci, 54.5% (12/22) were identified as assemblage A, while 45.5% (10/22) were identified as assemblage B. AII was the most predominant sub-assemblage identified [54.5% (12/22)], followed by BIII [27% (6/22)], discordant BIII/BIV [13.6% (3/22)], and BIV [4.5% (1/22)]. In the present study, no assemblages suited for non-human animal hosts (e.g., C-F) were detected. This suggests that the transmission of human giardiasis in Shiraz is primarily anthroponotic. Further molecular-based analyses are necessary to confirm and expand upon these findings. These analyses will also help determine the presence and public health importance of the parasite in environmental samples, such as drinking water.
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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a lethal hematologic malignancy with a variable prognosis that is highly dependent on the bone marrow microenvironment. Consequently, a better understanding of the AML microenvironment is crucial for early diagnosis, risk stratification, and personalized therapy. In recent years, the role of bioinformatics as a powerful tool in clarifying the complexities of cancer has become more prominent. Gene expression profile and clinical data of 173 AML patients were downloaded from the TCGA database, and the xCell algorithm was applied to calculate the microenvironment score (MS). Then, the correlation of MS with FAB classification, and CALGB cytogenetic risk category was investigated. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and the correlation analysis of DEGs with patient survival was done using univariate cox. The prognostic value of candidate prognostic DEGs was confirmed based on the GEO database. In the last step, real-time PCR was used to compare the expression of the top three prognostic genes between patients and the control group. During TCGA data analysis, 716 DEGs were identified, and survival analysis results showed that 152 DEGs had survival-related changes. In addition, the prognostic value of 31 candidate prognostic genes was confirmed by GEO data analysis. Finally, the expression analysis of FLVCR2, SMO, and CREB5 genes, the most related genes to patients' survival, was significantly different between patients and control groups. In summary, we identified key microenvironment-related genes that influence the survival of AML patients and may serve as prognostic and therapeutic targets.
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Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are pivotal in medicine, mimicking biological receptors with enhanced specificity and affinity. Comprising templates, functional monomers, and cross-linkers, MIPs form stable three-dimensional polymer networks. Synthetic templates like glycan and aptamers improve efficiency, guiding the molecular imprinting process. Cross-linking determines MIPs' morphology and mechanical stability, with printable hydrogels offering biocompatibility and customizable properties, mimicking native extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironments. Their versatility finds applications in tissue engineering, soft robotics, regenerative medicine, and wastewater treatment. In cancer research, MIPs excel in both detection and therapy. MIP-based detection systems exhibit superior sensitivity and selectivity for cancer biomarkers. They target nucleic acids, proteins, and exosomes, providing stability, sensitivity, and adaptability. In therapy, MIPs offer solutions to challenges like multidrug resistance, excelling in drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and biological activity regulation. In microbiology, MIPs serve as adsorbents in solid-phase extraction (SPE), efficiently separating and enriching antibiotics during sample preparation. They contribute to bacterial identification, selectively capturing specific strains or species. MIPs aid in detecting antibiotic residues using fluorescent nanostructures and developing sensors for sulfadiazine detection in food samples. In summary, MIPs play a pivotal role in advancing medical technologies with enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and versatility. Applications range from biomarker detection to innovative cancer therapies, making MIPs indispensable for the accurate determination and monitoring of diverse biological and environmental samples.
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Antibacterianos , Polímeros Molecularmente Impressos , Neoplasias , Humanos , Polímeros Molecularmente Impressos/química , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Antibacterianos/análise , Medicina de Precisão/métodos , Impressão Molecular/métodos , Biomarcadores TumoraisRESUMO
Pollution by heavy metals is a serious global problem due to its toxicity, abiotic characteristics, abundant sources, and cumulative behavior. On the other hand, considering the importance of rice consumption as an important part of nutrition in Lordegan and Ahvaz cities, this study was conducted to evaluate the carcinogenic risk of heavy metals lead, cadmium, zinc, nickel and in local Champa rice cultivated in these two cities. 16 Champa rice samples were collected from the fields of Lordegan and Ahvaz cities. The elements were read in three replicates by Varian 710-ES atomic emission device. The results showed that the concentration of cadmium and nickel in the cultivated rice in the two studied cities was within the range of the national standard of Iran and the Codex standard. Carcinogenic risk values for lead, cadmium and nickel in Champa Lordegan and Ahvaz rice were within the safe range. Also, the non-carcinogenic risk for these heavy metals in the two studied areas was less than 1 and was in the safe range. Rice pollution in Champa in Ahvaz can be due to the industrial nature of this city, and in Lordegan, it is due to pollution through pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and transportation. Long-term consumption of contaminated rice may endanger the health of residents of these areas. It is recommended to carry out regular and up-to-date monitoring strategies in these two cities to prevent the entry of these toxic heavy metals into the human food chain. Also, more studies are needed to evaluate the complete scenario and make definitive decisions.