The Causes of Dental Implant Migration into the Maxillary Sinus: A Case Series Study from 25 Years of Experience.

The use of dental implants to restore edentulous jaws has become commonplace. Usually, in the maxilla, following a tooth extraction, the height of alveolar bone decreases. This alteration in bone increases the risk of implants migrating into the sinus. In general, Caldwell-Luc and endoscopic surgery are performed to retrieve dental implants. In this case series, we collected data from 39 patients who had the complication of implant displacement within the maxillary sinus for 25 years. All the implants were removed using the Caldwell-Luc technique. Implant migration happened following functional loading, during the prosthetic procedure, due to lack of osseointegration in 3 patients, and during implant placement into the fresh socket in 3 patients. In the remaining cases, migration occurred preoperatively or postoperatively and prior to implant loading. Insufficient bone quantity is sometimes causing the implant to migrate to the maxillary sinus. In case of minimal bone height, a sinus lift before implant placement should be conducted. Retrieval of an implant pushed inside the maxillary antrum using the Caldwell Luc approach proved to be a reliable technique.

The Effect of Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Animal Models: A Systematic Review.

Peripheral neuropathies caused by the peripheral nervous system (PNS) damage can occur due to trauma and other disorders. They present as altered sensation, weakness, autonomic symptoms, and debilitating pain syndrome with a wide range of clinical signs. Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) is a biological compound with essential roles in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and anti-oxidant effects that protects mitochondria from oxidative damage and inhibits apoptosis caused by mitochondrial damage. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of ALCAR on peripheral nerve injuries. This review examines studies on treating traumatic peripheral neuropathies in which ALCAR is administered to rats with sciatic nerve injury with an appropriate control group. The articles were divided based on the mode of ALCAR administration. If one method was used in more than one article, their results were entered in the "Revman5.4" software and were meta-analyzed. Studies were selected from 1994 to 2018 on rats with varying physical injuries to their sciatic nerves. In one study, ALCAR was provided to rats in their drinking water, while in other studies, ALCAR was injected intra-peritoneally. Different mechanisms of ALCAR actions have been suggested in this study, but the underpinnings of the neuroprotective effects of ALCAR are still unclear. Further studies are mandatory to clarify the actual mechanisms of the neuroprotective activity of ALCAR. Based on the results of existing studies, ALCAR effectively increases the tolerance threshold of thermal and mechanical stimuli, reduces latency, and reduces apoptosis; finally, adjusting the dose and duration of administration may increase the dose and duration axon diameter.

Solitary amyloid tumor of the palate: A case report and literature review.

Amyloidosis is often caused by the abnormal extracellular accumulation of amyloid in organs and tissues. This condition, affecting the head and neck region, is typically localized, and may also involve the oral cavity, particularly the tongue and buccal mucosa. As a solitary manifestation, the localized amyloidosis occurring intraosseous is highly infrequent. In addition, localized amyloidosis has a great rate of recurrence. In this paper, a 50-year-old female patient with the chief complaint of pain in the anterior of the maxilla is reported. According to clinical examination, no significant pathologic lesion was seen. The radiographic image showed a radiolucent lesion around teeth four and five. The treatment of choice for the patient was an excisional biopsy. As amyloidosis diagnosis is clinically challenging, biopsy and histologic examination of lesions are necessary in this regard. Accordingly, it is concluded that long-term follow-up is mandatory in case of localized amyloidosis because late recurrence can occur in some cases.

Effect of Hydroxyapatite Coating in Combination with Physical Modifications on Microshear Bond Strength of Zirconia to Resin Cement.

Background: Zirconia has been used as a reliable core material in dental restorations for years; however, its bonding to resin cement is a matter of challenge. Physical, chemical, and combinations of these techniques have been investigated to boost the properties of zirconia surface bonding. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of hydroxyapatite coating as a chemical therapy in combination with physical modifications on the microshear bond strength of the resin cement over zirconia. Methods: In the present research, 60 sintered zirconia blocks (4 × 4 × 4 mm) were randomized into four groups of 15, including Al2O3 particle abrasion (group 1), HA coating (group 2), Al2O3 particle abrasion + HA coating (group 3), and Er, Cr: YSGG laser irradiation + HA coating (group 4). The microshear bond strength was determined by bonding the blocks to the resin cement. Results: The bond strengths (mean ± standard deviation) of modified zirconia surfaces were 16.93 ± 4.94 MPa, 16.14 ± 5.4 MPa, 19.4 ± 5.27 MPa, and 16.21 ± 3.7 MPa in groups 1-4, respectively. Test results of the ANOVA test revealed no significant difference regarding the bond strength values of zirconia surfaces to the resin cement between the studied preparation modalities (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Observations from the present study showed that HA coating can be as effective as the air-borne particle abrasion technique in improving bond strength to zirconia surfaces. Moreover, sandblasting by an aluminum oxide or Er, Cr: YSGG laser irradiation prior to HA coating of zirconia showed no significant effect on the reinforcement of bond strength values when compared to HA coating alone. The clinic hydroxyapatite coating alone or in combination with physical treatments improves the bond strength of zirconia to resin cement.

A Submandibular Fibromatosis; A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Background: Fibromatosis is a group of benign tumors originating from connective tissues of muscle, overlying fascia, periosteum, or aponeurosis. However, they might need several excisional resections, owing to compressive effects on adjacent vital structures. Case Report: Here, we discussed a case of submandibular fibromatosis in a 3-year-old girl. She underwent a conservative surgical procedure without a wide mandible bone resection. She received no adjuvant therapy. The postoperative period was uneventful with an appropriate cosmetic and functional outcome. A 1-year follow-up revealed no recurrence. Conclusion: Fibromatosis of the head and neck in children is a rare condition, which needs a multidisciplinary agreement for its appropriate management. A complete surgical removal often leads to a proper outcome. Adjuvant therapy should also be kept in mind for recurrent lesions not candidate for surgical removal or in case of remnant tumors.

Push-out bond strength of two calcium silicate-based cements used for repair of artificial furcal perforation following different power outputs of Nd:YAG laser.

Proper bond strength of endodontic materials is an essential factor in the final success of root canal treatments, including perforation repairs. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of two power outputs of Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) on push-out bond strength (PBS) of ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium-enriched mixture cement (CEM Cement) in the repair of artificial furcal perforations. This ex vivo study enrolled 66 extracted human molars. After preparing the access cavity, perforations were created on the floor of the pulp chamber with a diameter of 1.4 mm. The teeth were randomly distributed into the following six groups according to the repair material (MTA and CEM) and power output of laser irradiation (1 W and 1.5 W); A: MTA (case), B: CEM (case), C: Nd:YAG (1 W)/MTA, D: Nd:YAG (1 W)/CEM, E: Nd:YAG (1.5 W)/MTA, and F: Nd:YAG (1.5 W)/CEM. Then, a universal testing machine was utilized to assess the PBS. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and T tests. Significant level was considered at P < 0.05. The highest mean ± SD of PBS was noted in Group Nd:YAG (1 W)/MTA (58.92 ± 36.13), followed by Nd:YAG (1.5 W)/MTA > Nd:YAG (1.5 W)/CEM > Nd:YAG (1 W)/CEM > MTA > and CEM. A significant difference was noted between laser and non-laser applications (P < 0.05). However, the increase of power output from 1 to 1.5 W had no significant influence on PBS (P > 0.05). The PBS of MTA groups was always significantly greater than that of CEM groups (P < 0.05). Although Nd:YAG laser irradiation positively influenced on PBS values in both material studied, increasing power output was not effective.

Comparison of internal fit of metal-ceramic crowns in CAD/CAM and lost-wax techniques in all fabrication stages through replica weighting, triple scanning, and scanning electron microscope.

OBJECTIVES: Restoration fit is one of the prerequisites of clinical durability. It is controversial as to whether computer-assisted design/computer-aided milling (CAD/CAM) or lost-wax fabrication methods result in more fit metal-ceramic crowns. This in-vitro study was conducted to examine the internal fit of porcelain fused to metal crowns fabricated using CAD/CAM and lost-wax techniques during fabrication stages (framework, porcelain, cementation) through digital triple scanning, replica weighting, and observation with electron microscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty uniform resin dies of prepared first maxillary molars were randomly divided into two groups according to the fabrication technique: lost wax and CAD/CAM. The internal fit was measured in all steps of completing the crowns (framework, porcelain, and cementation) using different methods, including triple scanning, replica weighting, and scanning electron microscopy. The data were statistically analyzed using t test, Pearson, and repeated measures analysis of variance (α = .05). RESULTS: Triple scanning revealed no difference in the internal fit of CAD/CAM and lost-wax groups in all the fabrication steps (p > .05). The replica weighting method showed no difference between groups in the framework step (p > .05), while the internal fit was significantly better in the CAD/CAM group after porcelain application (p < .05). After cementation, electron microscopy measurements showed no difference between CAD/CAM and lost wax groups (p > .05). The Pearson correlation test showed no significant correlation between electron microscopy, replica weighing, and triple scanning methods (p > .05). CONCLUSION: According to scanning electron microscopy as the superior evaluation method, the internal fit of cobalt-chrome PFM crown of both CAD/CAM and lost wax groups was within the acceptable clinical range and there was no significant difference between them. Triple scanning revealed no difference in the internal fit of framework and porcelain steps but a better fit after cementation. According to replica weighting, the internal fit in the porcelain step was higher than the framework.

The effect of EDTA and citric acid on biochemical processes and changes in phenolic compounds profile of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) under mercury stress.

The present study aimed to explore the effect of synthetic and naturally occurring chelators, EDTA and citric acid (CA), respectively, on changes in physiological and biochemical factors including cell death, level of mercury ions accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total phenol and total flavonoids, anthocyanins and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, in the leaves of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) plants exposed to mercury stress. In addition, polyphenolic compounds profile was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The okras were planted in completely controlled hydroponic conditions (Hoagland solution). After they reached the four-leaf stage, they were treated simultaneously with different concentrations of HgCl2, EDTA and CA chelators, and their combination for one month. At the stage of maturity, the physiological and biochemical factors of the plant leaves were measured. The results showed that with the application of higher concentration of HgCl2, cell death, level of shoot and root Hg2+ content and root MDA, total phenols and total flavonoids, anthocyanin content, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were increased. Also, the results indicated that okra plants have high biomass and a high rate of Hg mobilization and accumulation in the shoot versus the roots (TF=2.152 for the plants treated with 60 mg L-1 Hg2+), hence, can be considered as Hg hyperaccumulator plant for the phytoremediation of Hg-polluted soils and waters. In the Hg-treated plants changes in their phenolic profile were induced, and the increase of chlorogenic acid, rosmaric acid, apigenin, quercetin and rutin content was observed. The application of EDTA and CA improved the toxic effects of Hg2+, by modifying phenolic compounds, chelating Hg2+, and its proper compartmentation, while EDTA outperformed CA in this respect. Based on the results, it could be concluded that due to the high biomass and growth of okra in the presence of Hg2+, this plant is suitable for phytoremediation of soil and water contaminated with mercury. In addition, EDTA and CA can play a significant role in removing this toxic metal through transferring it from the culture medium to the plant.

Association of rs780094 polymorphism of glucokinase regulatory protein with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

OBJECTIVE: GCK rs780094 polymorphism is a single nucleotide polymorphism that has been associated with obesity, type II diabetes and dyslipidemia in some populations, conditions that highly related to NAFL etiology. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between NAFLD and rs780094 polymorphism in patients with NAFLD in Tabriz city, northwest of Iran. The rs780094 polymorphism was determined in 74 patients with NAFLD by PCR-RFLP technique. Demographic information was collected using a questionnaire and biochemical analysis was performed using standard laboratory methods. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between case and control subjects for alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, HDL-C and triglycerides (P < 0.05). Analysis by PCR-RFLP method revealed that there were no significant differences between NAFLD and healthy subjects for rs780094 polymorphism in the study population. The results of this study indicated that rs780094 polymorphism is not associated with NAFLD in subjects from Tabriz city.

Automatic Segmentation, Detection, and Diagnosis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Hough Circles Algorithm.

PURPOSE: An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is known as a cardiovascular disease involving localized deformation (swelling or enlargement) of aorta occurring between the renal and iliac arteries. AAA would jeopardize patients' lives due to its rupturing risk, so prompt recognition and diagnosis of this disorder is vital. Although computed tomography angiography (CTA) is the preferred imaging modality used by radiologist for diagnosing AAA, computed tomography (CT) images can be used too. In the recent decade, there has been several methods suggested by experts in order to find a precise automated way to diagnose AAA without human intervention base on CT and CTA images. Despite great approaches in some methods, most of them need human intervention and they are not fully automated. Also, the error rate needs to decrease in other methods. Therefore, finding a novel fully automated with lower error rate algorithm using CTA and CT images for Abdominal region segmentation, AAA detection, and disease severity classification is the main goal of this paper. METHODS: The proposed method in this article will be performed in three steps: (1) designing a classifier based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for classifying different parts of abdominal into four different classes such as: abdominal inside region, aorta, body border, and bone. (2) After correct aorta detection, defining its edge and measuring its diameter with the use of Hough Circle Algorithm (which is an algorithm for finding an arbitrary shape in images and measuring its diameter in pixel) is the second step. (3) Ultimately, the detected aorta, depending on its diameter, will be categorized in one of these groups: (a) there is no risk of AAA, (b) there is a medium risk of AAA, and (c) there is a high risk of AAA. RESULTS: The designed CNN classifier classifies different parts of abdominal into four different classes such as: abdominal inside region, aorta, body border, and bone with the accuracy, precision, and sensitivity of 97.93, 97.94, and 97.93% respectively. The accuracy of the proposed classifier for aorta region detection is 98.62% and Hough Circles algorithm can classify 120 aorta patches according to their diameter with accuracy of 98.33%. CONCLUSIONS: As a whole, a classifier using Convolutional Neural Network is designed and applied in order to detect AAA region among other abdominal regions. Then Hough Circles algorithm is applied to aorta patches for finding aorta border and measuring its diameter. Ultimately, the detected aortas will be categorized according to their diameters. All steps meet the expected results.