Rising from Plagiarising.

Amongst the various forms of scientific misconduct, plagiarism has become increasingly prevalent in today's scientific process. Plagiarism is copying another author's ideas or words and portraying them as your own. Inclusion of another source's contents without giving credit to the source results in this unethical practice. Text derived directly from a source must always be put under quotation marks. Decreased awareness about plagiarism and what exactly constitutes it results in unintentional plagiarism. Plagiarism can be that of the ideas in which the author projects others' ideas as his own. It can also be that of the text also known as word to word plagiarism. Mosaic plagiarism is another form. Various guidelines formulated by esteemed scientific bodies such as World Association of Medical Editors, Committee on publication Ethics have provided an insight to authors, editors, publishers and peer reviewers into the practice of ethical writing. By understanding the true essence of plagiarism and following strict guidelines, it is certainly possible to avoid plagiarism. Various softwares are available to detect plagiarism. These softwares have a wide database which is scanned to reveal any kind of malpractice. If detected, it can have grave consequences causing not only retraction of the article but also loss of dignity. Failure to detect plagiarism reflects negatively on a journal. Originality is the true essence of any research or scientific paper. Any violation of this fact is an unforgivable offence. Thus, this review article attempts to cover the meaning, types, risks and ways to avoid plagiarism.

Dental considerations in hereditary epidermolysis bullosa.

Epidermolysis bullosa is an inherited mucocutaneous disorder characterized by blister formation due to a defect in collagen metabolism. Each of the three major subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa has distinct clinical and oral manifestations. A case report of the most classic form of epidermolysis bullosa, recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, is presented here, along with a review of the literature on the clinical features and management of the condition. An attempt has been made to highlight the anesthetic and oral surgical considerations when treating a patient with epidermolysis bullosa.

Efficacy of locking plates/screw system in mandibular fracture surgery.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of locking plates and screw system in the treatment of mandibular fracture surgery, by comparing them with the conventional system. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A protocol for selection of patients with mandibular fractures was developed. One hundred patients were treated by locking plates and screw system and another 100 patients were treated with the conventional system. The patients were prospectively evaluated for the duration of surgery, difficulties encountered during surgery, neurologic changes, postsurgical occlusal relationship, adequacy of reduction and postsurgical complications. Data were compared for statistical significance with Chi-square test and Z-test. RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference in postoperative infection, postoperative occlusal discrepancy, postoperative plate fracture and postoperative screw loosening and mobility of the fractured fragments and also the working time between the two systems. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study are comparable with other published data and support the notion that the locking miniplate system is a valid alternative to conventional miniplates with several advantages, the only drawback being the additional working time required during adaptation of this hardware.

Oral malignant melanoma: systematic review of literature and report of two cases.

OBJECTIVE: Oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is a rare tumor of the oral cavity with very poor prognosis despite the implementation of an aggressive treatment. This paper aims to shed some light on current evidence for management of OMM. STUDY DESIGN: We report 2 cases of OMM treated at our institute and a review of the literature in an endeavor to establish current understanding on various aspects of OMM. RESULTS: Both patients in our study are showing good local control with aggressive multimodal treatment. Long-term follow-up is needed to rule out distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Because late diagnosis and advanced disease at the time of diagnosis are the only sure predictors of outcome, thorough clinical and pathologic workup of any suspected melanotic lesion should be carried out to diagnose OMM. Early diagnosis and aggressive multimodal treatment are the only means available to surgeons to provide better outcome to patients with OMM.

Congenital muscular torticollis-case report and an effective treatment plan.

Congenital muscular torticollis results from shortening or excessive contraction of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. The reported incidence varies between 0.4 and 1.9%. Various theories have been proposed, but its true aetiology remains obscure. The deformity is characterized by a practically painless, contracted cordlike SCM muscle, which pulls the head toward the side affected, narrows and draws the shoulder upward, forcing the chin in the opposite direction. Torticollis of congenital origin is a deformity not commonly met with in the practice of maxillofacial surgery. The rarity, lack of, or inadequacy of the previous treatment, together with the advanced age and marked deformity appear to warrant an investigation and report of the outcome. A case of congenital muscular torticollis is presented who reported at the age of 18 years and has been successfully treated by unipolar SCM release.

Evaluation of glutathione in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To estimate the RBC level of glutathione among oral squamous cell carcinoma cases and normal healthy individual. The study compares the pre and postoperative blood levels of glutathione in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In the present study a total of 45, age matched subjects were recruited. The 45 subjects were split into 15 subjects in control, 30 clinically and histopathologically diagnosed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma who had not received any prior treatment. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference of mean value of glutathione levels in RBC of the control group was found to be higher than that of oral squamous cell carcinoma patient group. A noticeable rise in glutathione concentration in RBC of oral squamous cell carcinoma towards normal was seen postoperatively, however these variations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Pre and postoperatively a marked variation in levels of glutathione was observed. In addition, it was noticed that the levels tended to shift closer to control/normal values postoperatively. The value of glutathione as a prognostic marker could be ratified if the study was carried out on a larger scale over a sustained period of time.