Effectiveness of a healthcare-based mobile intervention on sedentary patterns, physical activity, mental well-being and clinical and productivity outcomes in office employees with type 2 diabetes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Prolonged sedentary time is associated with an increased incidence of chronic disease including type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Given that occupational sedentary time contributes significantly to the total amount of daily sedentariness, incorporating programmes to reduce occupational sedentary time in patients with chronic disease would allow for physical, mental and productivity benefits. The aim of this study is to evaluate the short-, medium- and long-term effectiveness of a mHealth programme for sitting less and moving more at work on habitual and occupational sedentary behaviour and physical activity in office staff with DM2. Secondary aims. To evaluate the effectiveness on glycaemic control and lipid profile at 6- and 12-month follow-up; anthropometric profile, blood pressure, mental well-being and work-related post-intervention outcomes at 3, 6 and 12 months. METHODS: Multicentre randomized controlled trial. A sample size of 220 patients will be randomly allocated into a control (n = 110) or intervention group (n = 110), with post-intervention follow-ups at 6 and 12 months. Health professionals from Spanish Primary Health Care units will randomly invite patients (18-65 years of age) diagnosed with DM2, who have sedentary office desk-based jobs. The control group will receive usual healthcare and information on the health benefits of sitting less and moving more. The intervention group will receive, through a smartphone app and website, strategies and real-time feedback for 13 weeks to change occupational sedentary behaviour. VARIABLES: (1) Subjective and objective habitual and occupational sedentary behaviour and physical activity (Workforce Sitting Questionnaire, Brief Physical Activity Assessment Tool, activPAL3TM); 2) Glucose, HbA1c; 3) Weight, height, waist circumference; 4) Total, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides; (5) Systolic, diastolic blood pressure; (6) Mental well-being (Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being); (7) Presenteeism (Work Limitations Questionnaire); (8) Impact of work on employees´ health, sickness absence (6th European Working Conditions Survey); (9) Job-related mental strain (Job Content Questionnaire). Differences between groups pre- and post- intervention on the average value of the variables will be analysed. DISCUSSION: If the mHealth intervention is effective in reducing sedentary time and increasing physical activity in office employees with DM2, health professionals would have a low-cost tool for the control of patients with chronic disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04092738. Registered September 17, 2019.

[Alcohol consumption prevalence in civil servants]. / Prevalencia de consumo de alcohol en trabajadores de la función pública.

Temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome (TMDS) includes a number of clinical conditions involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the muscles involved in mastication, or both. The symptoms of TMDS include decreased mobility, masticatory muscle pain, TMJ pain, functional alteration accompanied by articular noises, myofascial pain or deviation of the mouth opening. Work with visual display terminals (VDTs) has become widespread in the past several years and the conditions associated with this type of work have been associated with the appearance of certain musculoskeletal pathologies. Our objective was to conduct a review of the scientific literature onthe possible association between TMDS and work with VDTs. METHOD: A search of the literature in MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Plus Library, CINHAL, Scielo and Google Academic was performed.We included those studies involving workers using VDTs and the outcome measures had to include references to TMDS symptoms. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 112 articles were identified, of which finally 11 were selected for in-depth review. Given the heterogeneity of the results and the nature of the studies, we conclude that currently there is insufficient evidence to support a consistent relationship between TMDS pathology and work with VDTs. There is insufficient evidence linking the presence of TMDS with ergonomic and postural aspects, an association that should not be totally ruled out from a pathophysiological point of view and biological plausibility. Further studies are needed to better assess this relationship.

El síndrome de disfunción temporomandibular (DTM) incluye una serie de condiciones clínicas que involucran la articulación temporo-mandibular (ATM), la musculatura masticatoria o ambas. Los síntomas de DTM incluyen disminución de movilidad, dolor en la musculatura masticatoria, dolor de ATM, alteración funcional acompañada de ruidos articulares, dolor miofascial y desviación de la obertura mandibular. El trabajo con pantallas de visualización de datos (PVD) se ha generalizado en los últimos años las y condiciones de trabajo asociadas a este tipo de actividad se han relacionado con la aparición de determinadas patologías musculo-esqueléticas. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar la literatura científica sobre la asociación entre el síndrome deDTMy el trabajo con PVD. MÉTODO: Se efectuó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos de MEDINE (PubMed), Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, CINHAL, Scielo y Google Academic. Se incluyeron aquellos estudios en los que participaran trabajadores usuarios de PVD y la medida del efecto debía incorporar referencias a la sintomatología de ATM. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: Se identificaron un total de 112 artículos, de los que se incluyeron 11 en la revisión final. Dada la heterogeneidad de los resultados observado y el diseño de los estudios no existe suficiente evidencia sobre la relación entre la patología de ATMy el trabajo con PVD. Tampoco existe suficiente evidencia para asociar la presencia de DTMcon aspectos ergonómicos y posturales, una asociación que no debería descartarse desde un punto de vista fisiopatológico y de plausibilidad biológica. Son precisos nuevos estudios para evaluarla con mayor precisión.