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BACKGROUND: Despite accumulating evidence of an association between air pollution and renal disease, studies on the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and renal function are still contradictory. This study aimed to investigate this association in a large population with relatively low exposure and with improved estimation of renal function as well as renal injury biomarkers. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis in the middle-aged general population participating in the Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImaging Study (SCAPIS; n = 30 154). Individual 10-year exposure to total and locally emitted fine particulate matter (PM2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM10), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were modelled using high-resolution dispersion models. Linear regression models were used to estimate associations between exposures and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, combined creatinine and cystatin C) and serum levels of renal injury biomarkers (KIM-1, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-18, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, FGF-23, and uric acid), with consideration of potential confounders. RESULTS: Median long-term PM2.5 exposure was 6.2 µg/m3. Almost all participants had a normal renal function and median eGFR was 99.2 mL/min/1.73 m2. PM2.5 exposure was associated with 1.3% (95% CI 0.6, 2.0) higher eGFR per 2.03 µg/m3 (interquartile range, IQR). PM2.5 exposure was also associated with elevated serum matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) concentration, with 7.2% (95% CI 1.9, 12.8) higher MMP-2 per 2.03 µg/m3. There was a tendency towards an association between PM10 and higher levels of uric acid, but no associations were found with the other biomarkers. Associations with other air pollutants were null or inconsistent. CONCLUSION: In this large general population sample at low exposure levels, we found a surprising association between PM2.5 exposure and a higher renal filtration. It seems unlikely that particle function would improve renal function. However, increased filtration is an early sign of renal injury and may be related to the relatively healthy population at comparatively low exposure levels. Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure was associated with higher serum concentrations of MMP-2, an early indicator of renal and cardiovascular pathology.
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Poluentes Atmosféricos , Biomarcadores , Exposição Ambiental , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Nefropatias , Material Particulado , Humanos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Material Particulado/análise , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Suécia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Nefropatias/induzido quimicamente , Nefropatias/epidemiologia , Nefropatias/sangue , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Poluição do Ar/análise , Idoso , Fator de Crescimento de Fibroblastos 23 , Rim/fisiopatologia , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/sangue , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/análise , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/efeitos adversos , AdultoRESUMO
Background: Available evidence suggests a link between exposure to transportation noise and an increased risk of obesity. We aimed to assess exposure-response functions for long-term residential exposure to road traffic, railway and aircraft noise, and markers of obesity. Methods: Our cross-sectional study is based on pooled data from 11 Nordic cohorts, including up to 162,639 individuals with either measured (69.2%) or self-reported obesity data. Residential exposure to transportation noise was estimated as a time-weighted average Lden 5 years before recruitment. Adjusted linear and logistic regression models were fitted to assess beta coefficients and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for body mass index, overweight, and obesity, as well as for waist circumference and central obesity. Furthermore, natural splines were fitted to assess the shape of the exposure-response functions. Results: For road traffic noise, the OR for obesity was 1.06 (95% CI = 1.03, 1.08) and for central obesity 1.03 (95% CI = 1.01, 1.05) per 10 dB Lden. Thresholds were observed at around 50-55 and 55-60 dB Lden, respectively, above which there was an approximate 10% risk increase per 10 dB Lden increment for both outcomes. However, linear associations only occurred in participants with measured obesity markers and were strongly influenced by the largest cohort. Similar risk estimates as for road traffic noise were found for railway noise, with no clear thresholds. For aircraft noise, results were uncertain due to the low number of exposed participants. Conclusion: Our results support an association between road traffic and railway noise and obesity.
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Neoplasias Renais , Nefrectomia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Humanos , Nefrectomia/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/métodos , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hungria , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Duração da Cirurgia , Laparoscopia/métodos , Idoso , AdultoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite firm evidence for an association between long-term ambient air pollution exposure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, results from epidemiological studies on the association between air pollution exposure and atherosclerosis have not been consistent. We investigated associations between long-term low-level air pollution exposure and coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis in the large Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImaging Study (SCAPIS, n = 30 154), a random general population sample. Concentrations of total and locally emitted particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5), <10 µm (PM10), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) at the residential address were modelled using high-resolution dispersion models. We estimated associations between air pollution exposures and segment involvement score (SIS), coronary artery calcification score (CACS), number of non-calcified plaques (NCP), and number of significant stenoses, using ordinal regression models extensively adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Median 10-year average PM2.5 exposure was 6.2 µg/m3 (range 3.5-13.4 µg/m3). 51 % of participants were women and 51 % were never-smokers. None of the assessed pollutants were associated with a higher SIS or CACS. Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with NCP (adjusted OR 1.34, 95 % CI 1.13, 1.58, per 2.05 µg/m3). Associations with significant stenoses were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS: In this large, middle-aged general population sample with low exposure levels, air pollution was not associated with measures of total burden of coronary atherosclerosis. However, PM2.5 appeared to be associated with a higher prevalence of non-calcified plaques. The results suggest that increased risk of early-stage atherosclerosis or rupture, but not increased total atherosclerotic burden, may be a pathway for long-term air pollution effects on cardiovascular disease.
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Cystinosis is a low-prevalence lysosomal storage disease. The pathomechanism involves abnormal functioning of the cystinosine lysosomal cystine transporter (CTNS), causing intraliposomal accumulation of the amino acid cysteine disulfide, which crystallizes and deposits in several parts of the body. The most common ophthalmic complication of cystinosis is the deposition of "gold dust" cystine crystals on the cornea, which already occurs in infancy and leads to severe photosensitivity and dry eyes as it gradually progresses with age. In the specific treatment of cystinosis, preparations containing cysteamine (CYA) are used. The availability of commercialized eyedrops for the targeted treatment is scarce, and only Cystadrops® are commercially available with strong limitations. Thus, magistral CYA-containing compounded eyedrops (CYA-CED) could have a key role in patient care; however, a rationally designed comprehensive study on the commercialized and magistral products is still missing. This work aims to build up a comprehensive study about commercialized and magistral CYA eye drops, involving pharmacokinetic and physicochemical characterization (applying mucoadhesivity, rheology test, investigation of drug release, and parallel artificial membrane permeability assays), as well as ex vivo tests, well supported by statistical analysis.
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Cistinose , Humanos , Cistinose/metabolismo , Cisteamina/uso terapêutico , Cisteamina/metabolismo , Cistina/metabolismo , Soluções Oftálmicas/uso terapêutico , Córnea/metabolismoRESUMO
Air pollution is of major health and environmental concern globally and in South Africa. Studies on the sources of PM2.5 air pollution in low- and middle-income countries such as South Africa are limited. This study aimed to identify local and distant sources of PM2.5 pollution in Bloemfontein. PM2.5 samples were collected from June 16, 2020 to August 18, 2021. Trace element concentrations were determined by EDXRF spectroscopy. By use of the US EPA PMF 5.0 program, local sources were determined to be combustion/wood burning (49%), industry (22%), soil dust (10%), base metal/pyrometallurgical and traffic (9.6%) and water treatment/industry (9.4%). The HYSPLIT program was applied to determine distant PM2.5 source areas and the following clusters were identified: Mpumalanga province (52%), Northern Cape province (35%), Indian Ocean (8%) and Atlantic Ocean (6%). The majority of the air was found to come from the Mpumalanga province in the north-east, while the majority of local sources are ascribed to combustion/wood burning. Results from this study can be used to develop an Air Quality Management Plan for Bloemfontein.
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Poluição do Ar , Monitoramento Ambiental , África do Sul , Oceano Atlântico , PoeiraRESUMO
Outdoor PM2.5 was sampled in Pretoria, 18 April 2017 to 28 February 2020. A case-crossover epidemiology study was associated for increased PM2.5 and trace elements with increased hospital admissions for respiratory disorders (J00-J99). The results included a significant increase in hospital admissions, with total PM2.5 of 2.7% (95% CI: 0.6, 4.9) per 10 µg·m-3 increase. For the trace elements, Ca of 4.0% (95% CI: 1.4%-6.8%), Cl of 0.7% (95% CI: 0.0%-1.4%), Fe of 3.3% (95% CI: 0.5%-6.1%), K of 1.8% (95% CI: 0.2-3.5) and Si of 1.3% (95% CI: 0.1%-2.5%). When controlling for PM2.5, only Ca of 3.2% (95% CI: 0.3, 6.1) and within the 0-14 age group by 5.2% (95% CI: 1.5, 9.1). Controlling for a co-pollutant that is highly correlated with PM2.5 does reduce overestimation, but further studies should include deposition rates and parallel sampling analysis.
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Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição do Ar , Doenças Respiratórias , Oligoelementos , Humanos , Poluição do Ar/análise , Oligoelementos/análise , Estudos Cross-Over , Material Particulado/análise , África do Sul/epidemiologia , Hospitalização , Doenças Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Hospitais , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análiseRESUMO
The carotenoid composition of the flower of Telekia speciosa was investigated for the first time by HPLC-DAD-MS. In addition to the main carotenoid lutein and its geometrical isomers, 5,6-epoxy-carotenoids, namely violaxanthin, lutein 5,6-epoxide and antheraxanthin, were detected in larger amounts. In addition, ß-carotene 5,6-epoxide and ß-carotene 5,6,5',6'-diepoxide were found, which occurs very rarely in plants. For unambigous identification, ß-carotene 5,6-epoxide and ß-carotene 5,6,5',6'-diepoxide were prepared semisynthetically, and they were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and HPLC-CD methods.
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Acetylcholine plays an essential role in the regulation of detrusor muscle contractions, and antimuscarinics are widely used in the management of overactive bladder syndrome. However, several adverse effects limit their application and patients' compliance. Thus, this study aimed to further analyze the signal transduction of M2 and M3 receptors in the murine urinary bladder to eventually find more specific therapeutic targets. Experiments were performed on adult male wild-type, M2, M3, M2/M3, or Gαq/11 knockout (KO), and pertussis toxin (PTX)-treated mice. Contraction force and RhoA activity were measured in the urinary bladder smooth muscle (UBSM). Our results indicate that carbamoylcholine (CCh)-induced contractions were associated with increased activity of RhoA and were reduced in the presence of the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 in UBSM. CCh-evoked contractile responses and RhoA activation were markedly reduced in detrusor strips lacking either M2 or M3 receptors and abolished in M2/M3 KO mice. Inhibition of Gαi-coupled signaling by PTX treatment shifted the concentration-response curve of CCh to the right and diminished RhoA activation. CCh-induced contractile responses were markedly decreased in Gαq/11 KO mice; however, RhoA activation was unaffected. In conclusion, cholinergic detrusor contraction and RhoA activation are mediated by both M2 and M3 receptors. Furthermore, whereas both Gαi and Gαq/11 proteins mediate UBSM contraction, the activation at the RhoA-ROCK pathway appears to be linked specifically to Gαi. These findings may aid the identification of more specific therapeutic targets for bladder dysfunctions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are of utmost importance in physiological regulation of micturition and also in the development of voiding disorders. We demonstrate that the RhoA-Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway plays a crucial role in contractions induced by cholinergic stimulation in detrusor muscle. Activation of RhoA is mediated by both M2 and M3 receptors as well as by Gi but not Gq/11 proteins. The Gi-RhoA-ROCK pathway may provide a novel therapeutic target for overactive voiding disorders.
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Across a species' range, populations are exposed to their local thermal environments, which on an evolutionary scale, may cause adaptative differences among populations. Helminths often have broad geographic ranges and temperature-sensitive life stages but little is known about whether and how local thermal adaptation can influence their response to climate change. We studied the thermal responses of the free-living stages of Marshallagia marshalli, a parasitic nematode of wild ungulates, along a latitudinal gradient. We first determine its distribution in wild sheep species in North America. Then we cultured M. marshalli eggs from different locations at temperatures from 5 to 38°C. We fit performance curves based on the metabolic theory of ecology to determine whether development and mortality showed evidence of local thermal adaptation. We used parameter estimates in life-cycle-based host-parasite models to understand how local thermal responses may influence parasite performance under general and location-specific climate-change projections. We found that M. marshalli has a wide latitudinal and host range, infecting wild sheep species from New Mexico to Yukon. Increases in mortality and development time at higher temperatures were most evident for isolates from northern locations. Accounting for location-specific parasite parameters primarily influenced the magnitude of climate change parasite performance, while accounting for location-specific climates primarily influenced the phenology of parasite performance. Despite differences in development and mortality among M. marshalli populations, when using site-specific climate change projections, there was a similar magnitude of impact on the relative performance of M. marshalli among populations. Climate change is predicted to decrease the expected lifetime reproductive output of M. marshalli in all populations while delaying its seasonal peak by approximately 1 month. Our research suggests that accurate projections of the impacts of climate change on broadly distributed species need to consider local adaptations of organisms together with local temperature profiles and climate projections.
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Climate warming is rapidly altering Arctic ecosystems. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) need sea ice as a platform from which to hunt seals, but increased sea-ice loss is lengthening periods when bears are without access to primary hunting habitat. During periods of food scarcity, survival depends on the energy that a bear has stored in body reserves, termed storage energy, making this a key metric in predictive models assessing climate change impacts on polar bears. Here, we developed a body composition model for polar bears that estimates storage energy while accounting for changes in storage tissue composition. We used data of dissected polar bears (n = 31) to link routinely collected field measures of total body mass and straight-line body length to the body composition of individual bears, described in terms of structural mass and two storage compartments, adipose and muscle. We then estimated the masses of metabolizable proteins and lipids within these storage compartments, giving total storage energy. We tested this multi-storage model by using it to predict changes in the lipid stores from an independent dataset of wild polar bears (n = 36) that were recaptured 8-200 days later. Using length and mass measurements, our model successfully predicted direct measurements of lipid changes via isotopic dilutions (root mean squared error of 14.5 kg). Separating storage into two compartments, and allowing the molecular composition of storage to vary, provides new avenues for quantifying energy stores of individuals across their life cycle. The multi-storage body composition model thus provides a basis for further exploring energetic costs of physiological processes that contribute to individual survival and reproductive success. Given bioenergetic models are increasingly used as a tool to predict individual fitness and population dynamics, our approach for estimating individual energy stores could be applicable to a wide range of species.
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Carbon efflux from soils is the largest terrestrial carbon source to the atmosphere, yet it is still one of the most uncertain fluxes in the Earth's carbon budget. A dominant component of this flux is heterotrophic respiration, influenced by several environmental factors, most notably soil temperature and moisture. Here, we develop a mechanistic model from micro to global scale to explore how changes in soil water content and temperature affect soil heterotrophic respiration. Simulations, laboratory measurements, and field observations validate the new approach. Estimates from the model show that heterotrophic respiration has been increasing since the 1980s at a rate of about 2% per decade globally. Using future projections of surface temperature and soil moisture, the model predicts a global increase of about 40% in heterotrophic respiration by the end of the century under the worst-case emission scenario, where the Arctic region is expected to experience a more than two-fold increase, driven primarily by declining soil moisture rather than temperature increase.
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Aquecimento Global , Solo , Processos Heterotróficos , Temperatura , Respiração , Carbono , Ecossistema , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
Air pollution is a major contributor to the global burden of disease and has been linked to several diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease. The biological mechanisms are related to inflammation and increased coagulability, factors that play an important role in the pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism (VTE, i.e., deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism). This study investigates if long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with increased VTE incidence. The study followed 29 408 participants from the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) cohort, which consists of adults aged 44-74 recruited in Malmö, Sweden between 1991 and 1996. For each participant, annual mean residential exposures to particulate matter <2.5 µg (PM2.5) and <10 µg (PM10), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and black carbon (BC) from 1990 up to 2016 were calculated. Associations with VTE were analysed using Cox proportional hazard models for air pollution in the year of the VTE event (lag0) and the mean of the prior 1-10 years (lag1-10). Annual air pollution exposures for the full follow-up period had the following means: 10.8 µg/m3 for PM2.5, 15.8 µg/m3 for PM10, 27.7 µg/m3 for NOx, and 0.96 µg/m3 for BC. The mean follow-up period was 19.5 years, with 1418 incident VTE events recorded during this period. Exposure to lag1-10 PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of VTE (HR 1.17 (95%CI 1.01-1.37)) per interquartile range (IQR) of 1.2 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure. No significant associations were found between other pollutants or lag0 PM2.5 and incident VTE. When VTE was divided into specific diagnoses, associations with lag1-10 PM2.5 exposure were similarly positive for deep vein thrombosis but not for pulmonary embolism. Results persisted in sensitivity analyses and in multi-pollutant models. Long-term exposure to moderate concentrations of ambient PM2.5 was associated with increased risks of VTE in the general population in Sweden.
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Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição do Ar , Poluentes Ambientais , Embolia Pulmonar , Tromboembolia Venosa , Trombose Venosa , Adulto , Humanos , Suécia/epidemiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/induzido quimicamente , Tromboembolia Venosa/epidemiologia , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Poluição do Ar/análise , Material Particulado/análise , Poluentes Ambientais/análise , Embolia Pulmonar/induzido quimicamente , Trombose Venosa/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
Nations relying on nuclear power generation face great responsibilities when designing their firmly secured final repositories. In Hungary, the potential host rock [the Boda Claystone Formation (BCF)] of the deep geological repository is under extensive examination. To promote a deeper comprehension of potential radioactive isotope transport and ultimately synthesis for site evaluation purposes, we have efficiently tailored geospatial image processing using a convolutional neural network (CNN). We customized the CNN according to the intricate nature of the fracture geometries in the BCF, enabling the recognition process to be particularly sensitive to details and to interpret them in the correct tectonic context. Furthermore, we set the highest processing scale standards to measure the performance of our model, and the testing circumstances intentionally involved various technological and geological hindrances. Our presented model reached ~ 0.85 precision, ~ 0.89 recall, an ~ 0.87 F1 score, and a ~ 2° mean error regarding dip value extraction. With the combination of a CNN and geospatial methodology, we present the description, performance, and limits of a fully automated workflow for extracting BCF fractures and their dipping data from scanned cores.
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Exposure to outdoor air pollutants poses a risk for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic respiratory disease outcomes. A standardized health risk assessment (US EPA) utilizes air quality data, body mass and breathing rates to determine potential risk. This health risk assessment study assesses the hazard quotient (HQ) for total PM2.5 and trace elemental constituents (Br, Cl, K, Ni, S, Si, Ti and U) exposure in Pretoria, South Africa. The World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guideline (5 µg m-3) and the yearly South African National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) (20 µg m-3) were the references dosages for total PM2.5. A total of 350 days was sampled in Pretoria, South Africa. The mean total PM2.5 concentration during the 34-month study period was 23.2 µg m-3 (0.7-139 µg m-3). The HQ for total PM2.5 was 1.17, 3.47 and 3.78 for adults, children and infants. Non-carcinogenic risks for trace elements K, Cl, S and Si were above 1 for adults. Seasonally, Si was the highest during autumn for adults (1.9) and during spring for S (5.5). The HQ values for K and Cl were highest during winter. The exposure to Ni posed a risk for cancer throughout the year and for As during winters.
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Poluentes Atmosféricos , Oligoelementos , Adulto , Criança , Lactente , Humanos , Material Particulado/análise , África do Sul , Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
Background Colon cancer incidence is rising globally, and factors pertaining to urbanization have been proposed involved in this development. Traffic noise may increase colon cancer risk by causing sleep disturbance and stress, thereby inducing known colon cancer risk-factors, e.g. obesity, diabetes, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption, but few studies have examined this. Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the association between traffic noise and colon cancer (all, proximal, distal) in a pooled population of 11 Nordic cohorts, totaling 155,203 persons. Methods We identified residential address history and estimated road, railway, and aircraft noise, as well as air pollution, for all addresses, using similar exposure models across cohorts. Colon cancer cases were identified through national registries. We analyzed data using Cox Proportional Hazards Models, adjusting main models for harmonized sociodemographic and lifestyle data. Results During follow-up (median 18.8 years), 2757 colon cancer cases developed. We found a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99-1.10) per 10-dB higher 5-year mean time-weighted road traffic noise. In sub-type analyses, the association seemed confined to distal colon cancer: HR 1.06 (95% CI: 0.98-1.14). Railway and aircraft noise was not associated with colon cancer, albeit there was some indication in sub-type analyses that railway noise may also be associated with distal colon cancer. In interaction-analyses, the association between road traffic noise and colon cancer was strongest among obese persons and those with high NO2-exposure. Discussion A prominent study strength is the large population with harmonized data across eleven cohorts, and the complete address-history during follow-up. However, each cohort estimated noise independently, and only at the most exposed façade, which may introduce exposure misclassification. Despite this, the results of this pooled study suggest that traffic noise may be a risk factor for colon cancer, especially of distal origin.
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Poluição do Ar , Neoplasias do Colo , Ruído dos Transportes , Humanos , Estudos de Coortes , Fatores de Risco , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Dinamarca/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Transportation noise may induce cardiovascular disease, but the public health implications are unclear. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to assess exposure-response relationships for different transportation noise sources and ischemic heart disease (IHD), including subtypes. METHODS: Pooled analyses were performed of nine cohorts from Denmark and Sweden, together including 132,801 subjects. Time-weighted long-term exposure to road, railway, and aircraft noise, as well as air pollution, was estimated based on residential histories. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models following adjustment for lifestyle and socioeconomic risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 22,459 incident cases of IHD were identified during follow-up from national patient and mortality registers, including 7,682 cases of myocardial infarction. The adjusted HR for IHD was 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00, 1.05] per 10 dB Lden for both road and railway noise exposure during 5 y prior to the event. Higher risks were indicated for IHD excluding angina pectoris cases, with HRs of 1.06 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.08) and 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.08) per 10 dB Lden for road and railway noise, respectively. Corresponding HRs for myocardial infarction were 1.02 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.05) and 1.04 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.08). Increased risks were observed for aircraft noise but without clear exposure-response relations. A threshold at around 55 dB Lden was suggested in the exposure-response relation for road traffic noise and IHD. DISCUSSION: Exposure to road, railway, and aircraft noise in the prior 5 y was associated with an increased risk of IHD, particularly after exclusion of angina pectoris cases, which are less well identified in the registries. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10745.
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Infarto do Miocárdio , Isquemia Miocárdica , Ruído dos Transportes , Humanos , Ruído dos Transportes/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental , Isquemia Miocárdica/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Angina PectorisRESUMO
Fine sediment production in catchments and transport through rivers to floodplains and coastal areas is extremely important for riverine, coastal and marine ecosystems, nutrient transport, global biogeochemical cycles, water quality and pollution. Due to the high cost of suspended sediment monitoring technology, it is extremely difficult to obtain a complete understanding of the physical connections between climate, hydrology, fluvial processes, and sediment fluxes, which requires measurements at many locations. For this reason, we have built an open-source turbidity sensor that brings accessibility to global river research. Compared to commercial turbidity sensors ( > 6000), our low-cost version ( â¼ 200) allows for multiple deployment and therefore a high spatial coverage of sediment fluxes. It is an optical scatter sensor with an 850 nm LED and two IR detectors, and features a temperature and pressure sensor. Our sensor is 3D-printed on a hobby printer and is programmed with Arduino IDE, making it accessible to those without high-tech workshop access and limited programming skills. It features a printed circuit board that stacks on top of an ultra low-power Arduino MKR WAN 1310, for durability and easy assembly. The sensor was tested during a flood in September 2022 on the Ötztal Ache in Tirol, Austria.
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A gridded maximum and minimum (Tx and Tn) daily temperature dataset derived by spatial downscaling and bias correction of the ERA5-Land (ERA5L) for the period 1981-2010 is presented. Observed daily Tx and Tn at 154 stations in Ethiopia covering record lengths of 5-30 years were used as a reference. The statistics that define the Gaussian distribution (mean and standard deviation) of Tx and Tn from the station observations were interpolated in space to create a monthly climatology and interannual statistics at 0.05° × 0.05° resolution using a hybrid interpolation approach that combines linear regression with topographic and location attributes, and non-Euclidean inverse distance weighting interpolation. The interpolated monthly and interannual statistics were then used to debias the ERA5L Tx and Tn using a quantile mapping approach. Leave-one-out cross-validation showed that the mean absolute errors in the corrected and downscaled daily temperatures are about 0.7 °C for Tx and 1.1 °C for Tn, reducing the statistical biases in the ERA5L Tx and Tn by 68% and 25% respectively. For monthly climatology, 40-64% of the biases were removed for Tx while for Tn the reductions range from 19% to 32%. The correction also improved commonly used indices for extremes like the probability of warm days, cold days, and warm nights, but overestimated the probability of cold nights. The presented open-access Tx and Tn dataset is a substantial improvement over existing gridded temperature datasets for Ethiopia, such as ERA5L and the Climate Hazards Infrared Temperature with Station (CHIRTS), and we suggest it is suitable for a wide range of environmental applications, e.g. in the fields of hydrology, agriculture, and ecology.
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The objective of this retrospective study was to determine the complications of the first 30 tibial tuberosity advancement rapid (TTA-rapid) and 30 modified circular tibial tuberosity advancement (mcTTA) procedures performed by our team, and to compare the results with the findings reported in the literature. Our research was based on 30 procedures in each group. All dogs were client-owned. Data were collected only for the study of cases that had a minimum follow-up period of 3 months. Intraoperative (IO) and postoperative (PO) complications were assessed, with the latter divided into two subgroups: major and minor. Results obtained for the TTA-rapid group: IO complications 23.3% (7/30), major PO complications 13.3% (4/30), minor PO complications 16.7% (5/30). Results of the mcTTA group: IO complications 0% (0/30), major PO complications 3.3% (1/30), minor PO complications 20% (6/30). Comparing the complication rates, we found that there was a significant difference between the two groups in the occurrence of IO complications (P = 0.01054); however, there was no significant difference in the incidence of major (P = 0.3533) and minor (P > 0.9999) PO complications between groups. Our results are consistent with the findings reported in the literature and suggest that both techniques are efficient and carry a relatively low complication rate.