Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria with Low-Solubility Fertilizer Improve Soil P Availability and Yield of Kikuyu Grass.

Inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and the application of phosphorus (P) sources can improve soil P availability, enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of agricultural systems. The implementation of this technology in perennial grasses, such as Kikuyu grass, for cattle feed in soils with high P retention, such as Andisols, has been little explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive response of Kikuyu grass and soil P dynamics to BSF inoculation with different P sources. The experiment was conducted on a Kikuyu pasture, which was evaluated for 18 months (September 2020 to March 2022). Three P fertilizers with different solubility levels were applied: diammonium phosphate (DAP) (high-solubility), rock phosphate (RP), and compost (OM) (low-solubility). Moreover, the inoculation of a PSB consortium (Azospirillum brasilense D7, Rhizobium leguminosarum T88 and Herbaspirillum sp. AP21) was tested. Inoculation with PSB and fertilization with rock phosphate (RP) increased soil labile P and acid phosphomonoesterase activity. Increased grass yield and quality were related with higher soil inorganic P (Pi) availability. This study validated, under field conditions, the benefits of PSB inoculation for soil P availability and Kikuyu grass productivity.

What Information Do Clinicians Deem Important for Counseling Parents Facing Extremely Early Deliveries?: Results from an Online Survey.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to better understand how neonatology and maternal fetal medicine (MFM) physicians convey information during antenatal counseling that requires facilitating shared decision-making with parents facing options of resuscitation versus comfort care after extremely early delivery STUDY DESIGN: Attending physicians at US centers with both Neo and MFM fellowships were invited to answer an original online survey about antenatal counseling for extremely early newborns. The survey assessed information conveyed, processes for facilitating shared decision-making (reported separately), and clinical experiences. Neonatology and MFM responses were compared. Multivariable logistic regression analyzed topics often and seldom discussed by specialty groups with respect to respondents' clinical experience and resuscitation option preferences at different gestational weeks. RESULTS: In total, 74 MFM and 167 neonatologists representing 94% of the 81 centers surveyed responded. Grouped by specialty, respondents were similar in counseling experience and distribution of allowing choices between resuscitation and no resuscitation for delivery at specific weeks of gestational ages. MFM versus neonatology reported similar rates of discussing long-term health and developmental concerns and differed in all other categories of topics. Neonatologists were less likely than MFM to discuss caregiver impacts (odds ratio [OR]: 0.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11-0.18, p < 0.001) and comfort care details (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.15-0.25, p < 0.001). Conversely, neonatology versus MFM respondents more frequently reported "usually" discussing topics pertaining to parenting in the NICU (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2-1.8, p < 0.001) and those regarding stabilizing interventions in the delivery room (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.4-2.2, p < 0.001). Compared with less-experienced respondents, those with 17 years' or more of clinical experience had greater likelihood in both specialties to say they "usually" discussed otherwise infrequently reported topics pertaining to caregiver impacts. CONCLUSION: Parents require information to make difficult decisions for their extremely early newborns. Our findings endorse the value of co-consultation by MFM and neonatology clinicians and of trainee education on antenatal consultation education to support these families. KEY POINTS: · Neonatology versus MFM counselors provide complementary information.. · More experience was linked to discussing some topics.. · Co-consultation and trainee education is supported.. · What information parents value requires study..

Antibacterial Activity of Two Zn-MOFs Containing a Tricarboxylate Linker.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be used as reservoirs of metal ions with relevant antibacterial effects. Here, two novel Zn-based MOFs with the formulas [Zn4(µ4-O)(µ-FA)L2] (GR-MOF-8) and [Zn4(µ4-O)L2(H2O)] (GR-MOF-9) (H3L: 5-((4-carboxyphenyl)ethynyl) in isophthalic acid and FA (formate anion) were solvothermally synthetized and fully characterized. The antibacterial activity of GR-MOF-8 and 9 was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Escherichia Coli (EC) by the agar diffusion method. Both bacteria are among the most relevant human and animal pathogens, causing a wide variety of infections, and are often related with the development of antimicrobial resistances. While both Zn-based materials exhibited antibacterial activity against both strains, GR-MOF-8 showed the highest inhibitory action, likely due to a more progressive Zn release under the tested experimental conditions. This is particularly evidenced in the inhibition of SA, with an increasing effect of GR-MOF-8 with time, which is of great significance to ensure the disappearance of the microorganism.

Catalytic Performance and Electrophoretic Behavior of an Yttrium-Organic Framework Based on a Tricarboxylic Asymmetric Alkyne.

A new Y-based metal-organic framework (MOF) GR-MOF-6 with a chemical formula of {[YL(DMF)2]·(DMF)}n {H3L = 5-[(4-carboxyphenyl)ethynyl] isophthalic acid; DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide} has been prepared by a solvothermal route. Structural characterization reveals that this novel material is a three-dimensional MOF in which the coordination of the tritopic ligand to Y(III) metal ions leads to an intercrossing channel system extending over three dimensions. This material has proven to be a very efficient catalyst in the cyanosilylation of carbonyls, ranking second in catalytic activity among the reported rare earth metal-based MOFs described so far but with the lowest required catalyst loading. In addition, its electrophoretic behavior has been studied in depth, providing a zero-charge point between pH 4 and 5, a peak electrophoretic mobility of -1.553 µm cm V-1 s-1, and a ζ potential of -19.8 mV at pH 10.

How do Clinicians View the Process of Shared Decision-Making with Parents Facing Extremely Early Deliveries? Results from an Online Survey.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to better understand how neonatology (Neo) and maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) physicians approach the process of shared decision-making (SDM) with parents facing extremely premature (<25 weeks estimated gestational age) delivery during antenatal counseling. STUDY DESIGN: Attending physicians at U.S. centers with both Neo and MFM fellowships were invited to answer an original online survey about antenatal counseling for extremely early newborns. Preferences for conveying information are reported elsewhere. Here, we report clinicians' self-assessments of their ability to engage in deliberations and decision-making and perceptions of what is important to parents in the SDM process. Multivariable logistic regression analyzed respondents' views with respect to individual characteristics, such as specialty, gender, and years of clinical experience. RESULTS: In total, 74 MFMs and 167 Neos representing 94% of the 81 centers surveyed responded. Neos versus MFMs reported repeat visits with parents less often (<0.001) and agreed that parents were more likely to have made delivery room decisions before they counseled them less often (p < 0.001). Respondents reported regularly achieving most goals of SDM, with the exception of providing spiritual support. Most respondents reported that spiritual and religious views, risk to an infant's survival, and the infant's quality of life were important to parental decision-making, while a physician's own personal choice and family political views were reported as less important. While many barriers to SDM exist, respondents rated language barriers and family views that differ from those of a provider as the most difficult barriers to overcome. CONCLUSION: This study provides insights into how consultants from different specialties and demographic groups facilitate SDM, thereby informing future efforts for improving counseling and engaging in SDM with parents facing extremely early deliveries and supporting evidence-based training for these complex communication skills. KEY POINTS: · Perceptions differed by specialty and demographics.. · Parents' spiritual needs were infrequently met.. · Barriers to shared decision-making exist..

Two Isostructural URJC-4 Materials: From Hydrogen Physisorption to Heterogeneous Reductive Amination through Hydrogen Molecule Activation at Low Pressure.

Herein, two novel isostructural metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) M-URJC-4 (M = Co, Ni; URJC = "Universidad Rey Juan Carlos") with open metal sites, permanent microposity, and large surface areas and pore volumes have been developed. These novel MOFs, with polyhedral morphology, crystallize in the monoclinic P21/c space group, exhibiting a three-dimensional structure with microporous channels along the c axis. Initially, they were fully characterized and tested in hydrogen (H2) adsorption at different conditions of temperature and pressure. The physisorption capacities of both materials surpassed the gravimetric H2 uptake shown by most MOF materials under the same conditions. On the basis of the outstanding adsorption properties, the Ni-URJC-4 material was used as a catalyst in a one-pot reductive amination reaction using various carbonyl compounds and primary amines. A possible chemical pathway to obtain secondary amines was proposed via imine formation, and remarkable performances were accomplished. This work evidences the dual ability of M-URJC-4 materials to be used as a H2 adsorbent and a catalyst in reductive amination reactions, activating molecular H2 at low pressures for the reduction of C═N double bonds and providing reference structural features for the design of new versatile heterogeneous materials for industrial application.

Improving coverage of civil registration and vital statistics, Bangladesh.

PROBLEM: Bangladesh has no national system for registering deaths and determining their causes. As a result, policy-makers lack reliable and complete data to inform public health decisions. APPROACH: In 2016, the government of Bangladesh introduced a pilot project to strengthen the civil registration and vital statistics system and generate cause of death data in Kaliganj Upazila. Community-based health workers were trained to notify births and deaths to the civil registrar, and to conduct verbal autopsy interviews with family members of a deceased person. International experts in cause-of-death certification and coding trained master trainers on how to complete the international medical certificate of cause of death. These trainers then trained physicians and coders. LOCAL SETTING: Kaliganj Upazila has an estimated population of 304 600, and 5600 births and 1550 deaths annually. Health assistants and family welfare assistants make regular visits to households to track certain health outcomes. RELEVANT CHANGES: Following the start of the project in 2016, the number of births registered within 45 days rose from 873 to 4630 in 2018. The number of deaths registered within 45 days increased from 458 to 1404. During this period, health assistants conducted 7837 verbal autopsy interviews. Between January 2017 and December 2018, 105 master trainers and more than 7000 physicians were trained to complete the international medical certificate of cause of death and they completed more than 12 000 certificates. LESSONS LEARNT: Training community-based health workers, physicians and coders were successful approaches to improve death registration completeness and availability of cause-of-death data.

Novel and Versatile Cobalt Azobenzene-Based Metal-Organic Framework as Hydrogen Adsorbent.

A novel URJC-3 material based on cobalt and 5,5'-(diazene-1,2-diyl)diisophthalate ligand, containing Lewis acid and basic sites, has been synthesized under solvothermal conditions. Compound URJC-3, with polyhedral morphology, crystallizes in the tetragonal and P43 21 2 space group, exhibiting a three-dimensional structure with small channels along a and b axes. This material was fully characterized, and its hydrogen adsorption properties were estimated for a wide range of temperatures (77-298 K) and pressures (1-170 bar). The hydrogen storage capacity of URJC-3 is quite high in relation to its moderate surface area, which is probably due to the confinement effect of hydrogen molecules inside its reduced pores of 6 Å, which is close the ionic radii of hydrogen molecules. The storage capacity of this material is not only higher than that of active carbon and purified single-walled carbon nanotubes, but also surpasses the gravimetric hydrogen uptake of most MOF materials.

Huella de carbono en Santa Marta, Colombia: Análisis desde el enfoque de los determinantes sociales de la salud - 2014 / Carbon footprint in Santa Marta, Colombia: An Analysis from social determinants of health approach - 2014

Objetivo. Se estableció como objetivo estimar la huella de carbono para la ciudad de Santa Marta a partir de las prácticas de consumo de alimentos, medios de transporte, servicios públicos y compra de bienes y servicios per cápita y, relacionar dicha huella con aspectos determinantes de la salud como el nivel socio-económico y socio-demográfico de la población. Método. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal de encuesta en Santa Marta-Colombia para 2014, con una muestra de 811 personas seleccionadas aleatoriamente. Los datos se analizaron en EpiInfo 7 a través de análisis bivariado con ANOVA y Ji2 para identificar dependencias y multivariado por OR para identificar asociaciones. Resultados. Se encontró que la huella de carbono estimada promedio fue de 29,95 tCO2e por prácticas de consumo. Se estableció que tener 35 años o menos, niveles educativo profesional universitario o superior, estrato socioeconómico medio alto y alto, e ingresos altos son aspectos que aumentan la probabilidad de tener una huella de carbono mayor o igual a 39,3tCO2e. Conclusión. El tamaño de la huella de carbono se relaciona inversamente con la edad, y directamente con los ingresos económicos, estrato y nivel educativo.

Objective: The goal was to estimate the carbon footprint for Santa Marta by consumption per capita of food, transportation, goods and services, and housing, and to relate carbon footprint with the health determinants such as socio-economic status and socio-demographic characteristics of the population. Materials and Method: A crosssectional study with survey design was conducted in Santa Marta-Colombia for 2014, with a sample of 811 randomly selected people. Data were analyzed in software EpiInfo 7. For bivariate analysis we used ANOVA and Chi 2 to identify dependencies, and for multivariate analysis OR was used to identify associations. Result: The carbon footprint average by consumption patterns was 29.95 tCO2e. We found that people 35 years old or younger, professional or higher educational level, with medium-high and high socioeconomic status, and higher incomes have more probability to produce bigger carbon footprint (39.4 tCO2e or more). Conclusion: The size of the carbon footprint is inversely related to age but directly related with incomes, level of education and socioeconomic status.

Potencial de producción de biomasa en una población natural de la ostra crassostrea rhizophorae, en la laguna grande de obispo, Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela / Biomass production potential in a natural population of the oyster crassostrea rhizophorae in laguna grande de obispo; Cariaco Gulf; Venezuela / Potencial de produção de biomassa na população natural da ostra crassostrea rhizophorae, na lagoa grande de obispo, Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela

La ostra Crassostrea rhizophorae es un bivalvo de interés comercial, común en las comunidades de manglar en el oriente de Venezuela. Para evaluar el potencial de generación de biomasa de la especie se realizaron muestreos mensuales desde mayo 2002 hasta mayo 2003, en dos estaciones de la población natural de Laguna Grande del Obispo, estado Sucre, Venezuela. Utilizando un diseño de muestreo al azar simple se determinó la abundancia y la biomasa de bivalvos fijados a raíces de Rhizophora manglae, estimando la producción secundaria por el método de la tasa específica de crecimiento. Se determinó una densidad promedio de 818,13ind/m² de raíz con biomasa promedio en peso seco de 662,39g/m², sin diferencias significativas entre estaciones ni meses. Utilizando un modelo de crecimiento con parámetros finales de L¥= 87,68 y K= 0,19/mes, se obtuvo una producción secundaria total de 2355,546g/m²/año, siendo el intervalo de talla 50,01-60,00mm el que aportó la mayor cantidad (382,353g/m²/año). La máxima producción se obtuvo en ene-feb 2003 (243,906g/m²/año) y la mínima en may-jun 2002 (100,80g/m²/año). La producción por individuo fue de 43,283g/m²/año con la misma tendencia temporal de la total. Aunque no se determinó correlación de los incrementos de producción con la temperatura y salinidad, la mayor producción ocurre durante la época de surgencia costera en la zona. La relación producción/biomasa fue de 3,55/año, resultados que indican que C. rhizophorae presenta un gran potencial para actividades de acuicultura en la zona por su reproducción continua y altas tasas de crecimiento y productividad.

The oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae is a bivalve of commercial interest, common in mangrove communities of eastern Venezuela. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the production of biomass of species in a natural population of Laguna Grande de Obispo, Cariaco Gulf, Venezuela. Monthly samplings were carried out between May 2002 and May 2003 in two stations. Using a simple random sampling design, the abundance and biomass of bivalves fixed on mangrove roots Rhizophora manglae were determined, estimating the secondary production by the specific growth rate method. Mean density was 818.13ind/m² and mean biomass was 662.39g/m² of root, without significant differences between stations and months. Using a growth equation with final parameters L¥= 87.68 and K= 0.19/month, a total secondary production of 2355.546g/m²/year was obtained, individuals 50.01-60.00mm long providing most of it (382.353g/m²/year). Maximum production were obtained in Jan-Feb 2002 (243.906g/m²/year) and minimum in May-June 2002 (100.80g/m²/year). Individual production was 43.283g/m², with the same temporal tendency of total production. Although the correlation between increments of production and temperature and salinity was not determined, the highest production occurs during the upwelling period in the area. The production/biomass relationship was 3.54/year, indicating that C. rhizophorae has a large potential for aquaculture in this area, due to its continuous reproduction and high growth and production rates.

A ostra Crassostrea rhizophorae é um bivalves de interesse comercial, comum nas comunidades de manglares no oriente da Venezuela. Para avaliar o potencial de geração de biomassa da espécie se realizaram amostras mensais desde maio de 2002 até maio de 2003, em duas estações da população natural de Laguna Grande do Obispo, estado Sucre, Venezuela. Utilizando um desenho de amostras aleatório simples se determinou a abundância e a biomassa de bivalves fixados a raízes de Rhizophora manglae, estimando a produção secundária pelo método da taxa específica de crescimento. Determinou-se uma densidade média de 818,13ind/m² de raiz com biomassa média em peso seco de 662,39g/m², sem diferenças significativas entre estações nem meses. Utilizando um modelo de crescimento com parâmetros finais de L¥= 87,68 e K= 0,19/mês, se obteve uma produção secundária total de 2.355,546g/m²/ano, sendo o intervalo de tamanho 50,01-60,00mm o que aportou a maior quantidade (382,353g/m²/ano). A máxima produção se obteve em jan-fev de 2003 (243,906g/m²/ano) e a mínima em mai-jun de 2002 (100,80g/m²/ano). A produção por indivíduo foi de 43,283g/m²/ano com a mesma tendência temporal da total. Ainda que não se determinasse correlação dos incrementos de produção com a temperatura e salinidade, a maior produção ocorreu durante a época de surgência costeira na zona. A relação produção/biomassa foi de 3,55/ano, resultados que indicam que C. rhizophorae apresenta um grande potencial para atividades de aqüicultura na zona por sua reprodução continua e altas taxas de crescimento e produtividade.

[Evolution of treatment and consumption in persons with cocaine dependence, at 12-months, in respect of the associated psychopathology and daily functioning]. / Evolución del tratamiento y consumo en personas con dependencia de la cocaína, a los doce meses, en función de la psicopatología asociada y el funcionamiento cotidiano.

The aim of the present study is to analyse the evolution, at 12-months, of patients with cocaine dependence undergoing treatment in drug abuse centres. We examined the relationship between sociodemographic variables, drug use characteristics, and psychopathological characteristics with maintenance of drug abstinence and the evolution of daily functioning evaluated by the therapist at 3-, 6- and 12-months. The most outstanding results are that subjects with a dependent personality pattern, according to the MCMI-II, are more likely to maintain cocaine abstinence during the 12-months following the preliminary assessment. Moreover, the variables more related with a worse daily functioning at 12-months are injected or smoked cocaine use, previous treatments for drug use and having used heroin on some occasion. Therefore, drug related aspects and not psychopathological characteristics are more important when analysing the 12-months evolution in these subjects.