RESUMO
In order to obtain data on the prevalence and incidence of herpes virus type 2 (HSV(2)) infection in selected populations of women and to identify groups that might benefit from routine prenatal screening, an epidemiological study was conducted during the period 1984-1990, which showed HSV(2) seroprevalence to be 2.8%. Due to the worldwide increase of over 30% of HSV(2) infection in the past two decades, a second study was performed during the period 1 January 1998-31 December 1999. Four different population groups were studied: 172 children aged 6 months to 17 years (group 1), 716 adults, men and women aged 18-95 (group 2), 200 women aged 30-67 who participated in the first survey and were re-examined in 1999 in the second survey (group 3), and a prevalence group of 155 parturient women from six different delivery rooms (group 4). Among the healthy 716 males and females HSV(2) seroprevalence was 4.5%. When analyzed by subgroup, HSV(2) seroprevalence rose from 2.3% in the 18-30 years subgroup to 6.5% in the 30-50 years subgroup and to 7.3% in the 51-70 years subgroup, and then declined to 2.4% after age 70 years. In the 200 women re-examined, HSV(2) seroprevalence was 7.7% with a 0.55% HSV(2) sero incidence per annum. In the prevalence group HSV(2) seroprevalence was 4.5%. Sera from the 1223 participants of all four groups were also screened for HSV(1) infection. HSV(1) antibody was present in 22% of children aged 6 months-1 year, in 60% at 21 years and in 87% at age 70 years. The data support the conclusion that in Israel there is no justification for routine prenatal HSV(2) screening in the healthy female population.
Assuntos
Herpes Simples/epidemiologia , Simplexvirus , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Herpes Simples/sangue , Humanos , Lactente , Israel/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag and Gag-Pol precursors are translated from an mRNA which is indistinguishable from the full-length genomic RNA. The ratio of Gag to Gag-Pol polyproteins is approximately 20:1 and is controlled by a frameshift of the reading frame, which takes place downstream of the p7 nucleocapsid (NC) in the N terminus of the p1 peptide. The viral precursors Gag and Gag-Pol are cleaved by the virus-encoded protease (PR) into the structural proteins, and into p6(Pol), PR, reverse transcriptase and integrase. Due to the frameshift event, the cleavage site at the C terminus of NC coded in the Gag frame (ERQAN-FLGKI) changes either to ERQANFLRED or ERQANFFRED. The results presented in this report demonstrate that the NC released from the Gag-Pol precursor is 8 amino acid residues longer than the NC cleaved from the Gag polyprotein. Our results also show that truncated Gag-Pol precursors bearing cleavage site mutation at the NC/p6(Pol), and/or p6(Pol)/PR junctions, undergo autoprocessing in bacterial and eukaryotic cells, indicating that PR is active when part of the precursor.