[Evaluation of the urinary tract in children with renal agenesis]. / Ocena stanu ukladu moczowego u dzieci z agenezja nerki.

The condition of urinary tract in 24 children with kidney agenesia was estimated. 14 out of 24 children had additionally renal abnormalities or different renal diseases. It was detected that more than 50% of patients developed chronic failure of this single kidney, but renal function of normal single kidney remains many years correct.

[The fate of children with chronic kidney failure in the course of urinary tract abnormalities]. / Losy dzieci z przewlekla niewydolnoscia nerek w przebiegu wad ukladu moczowego.

60 children with chronic renal failure caused by inborn urinary tract abnormalities were examined. It was detected that cysto-ureteral refluxes (65% of causes) were most frequent causes of chronic renal failure. Renal function was estimated in the time of diagnosis of the urinary tract abnormalities and after (between 6 months to 16 years). Renal function was impaired in 37% patients when the urinary tract abnormalities were recognised. Diagnosis of the inborn urinary tract abnormalities was delayed in spite of visible clinical manifestation of disease.

[Prolonged use of the femoral catheter as a temporary access for hemodialysis]. / Dlugotrwale utrzymywanie cewnika w zyle udowej do celów hemodializy.

Cannulation of the femoral vein is the safest method of acute vascular access. It is recommended the removal of the femoral catheter after 72 h. The trial was undertaken, if it is possible a safe prolonged use of the femoral cannulation. The observations were performed in 70 patients (31 F, 39 M, age 3-70 years) with acute and chronic renal failure (RF). The femoral catheter was left in place for the period from 7 to 104 days, mean 21 days. None complications occurred in the group of 16 patients in whose the cannula was left up to 14 days. Bt duration of the cannulation above 15 days (54 patients) exist site infections appeared in 10 patients, catheter thrombosis in 12 patients and fiber in 6 patients (all with the catheter in place above 21 days). Noteworthly chronic RF patients were dialysed mostly on the ambulatory basis. Femoral catheter can be left safely in place for 14 days.

[The analysis of plasma beta 2-microglobulin concentration in patients with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis]. / Stezenie beta 2-mikroglobuliny w surowicy krwi pacjentów z przewlekla niewydolnoscia nerek leczonych powtarzanymi hemodializami.

Plasma beta 2-microglobulin concentrations increase in long-term dialyzed patients. This rise correlates with impairment of excretion and degradation by inefficient kidneys and also with increased synthesis of this protein during standard hemodialysis. In extreme cases, in particular in patients treated by hemodialysis for a long time, when their plasma beta 2-concentration rises significantly, the protein can be deposited in tissues. This study reports the results of determining serum beta 2-microglobulin levels in 14 patients with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis. The average age of patients at the beginning of the study was 16 years. All patients were hemodialyzed with cuprophane membranes. Determinations of beta 2-microglobulin levels were repeated after 6, 12 and 24 months. The results show that serum beta 2-microglobulin levels rose during this period of hemodialysis therapy.

[Prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis in the epithelial cells of the urethra in children]. / Wystepowanie Chlamydia trachomatis w komórkach nablonka cewki moczowej u dzieci.

Tests for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis were performed in 432 children, aged 4 months to 16 years at the Department of Paediatric Nephrology of the Academy of Wroclaw, Poland. The children were hospitalised because of recurrent urinary tract infection. The presence of Chlamydia trachomatis was established in 27.5% of children by tissue culture on McCoy cells, in 22.8% when using the Chlamyset test (Orion Diagnostica) and in 8.9% when using the Chlamydiazyme test (Abbott).

[Perception of family by children and youth with chronic renal failure]. / Spostrzeganie rodziny przez dzieci i mlodziez z przewlekla niewydolnoscia nerek.

The perception of family by children and youth with chronic renal failure treated conservatively and with haemodialyses was studied. Intrafamilial relations were subjected to analysis. It was found that with the limitations due to the disease, family is the main environment where the psychophysical needs of the child are fulfilled and it is of decisive value for the quality of life of patients. In view of the importance ascribed to it, it may play a significant role in the accommodation of the patient to the disease, influencing the effectiveness of long-term treatment.

[Concentration of selected trace elements in serum and erythrocytes of children with chronic renal failure and am attempt at deficiency correction with animal blood preparation]. / Stezenie wybranych pierwiastków sladowych w surowicy krwi i krwinkach czerwonych u dzieci z przewlekla niewydolnoscia nerek oraz próba korygowania niedoborów preparatem krwi zwierzecej "Livex".

The results are presented of studies in 32 children with chronic renal failure treated conservatively in whom the value was evaluated of serum Mg, Zn, and Se concentration, and erythrocyte Mg, and Zn concentration. Among the patients a group of 15 children was isolated whose diet was enriched with the animal blood preparation brown Livex containing among others the studied trace elements. Significant Zn and Mg deficiency was demonstrated in the serum and Mg deficiency in the erythrocytes of the ill children which were effectively corrected after three months of supplementation with the preparation Livex.

[Histocompatibility antigens (HLA) in children with lipoid nephrosis]. / Antygeny zgodnosci tkankowej (HLA) w nerczycy lipidowej u dzieci.

Actual knowledge on the HLA relationship with the primary glomerulopathies, with particular reference to steroid - sensitive nephrosis of childhood, is surveyed. Occurrence of HLA B-8 and B-35 in this nephropathy has been investigated. The studies involved 47 patients aged between 3 and 15 years and 117 healthy children from Lower Silesian region. It has been showed, that HLA B-8 is present more frequently in sick children, than in healthy controls. The situation is reverse in case of HLA B-35 antigen. However, the difference is statistically insignificant. A probability of the lipid nephrosis sensitivity to corticosteroids can not be predicted on the base of the presence of these HLA antigens.

[Zinc level in the blood of children with nephrotic syndrome and correction of its deficiency with animal blood preparation Livex]. / Stezenie cynku we krwi dzieci chorych na zespól nerczycowy oraz próba korygowania niedoborów preparatem z krwi zwierzecej Livex.

Serum and erythrocyte zinc levels have been assayed in in 45 children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome in both acute phase and remission. Out of these children a group of 22 has been distinguished. These patients have been treated with Livex--animal blood preparation containing amino acids and trace elements, including zinc. It was found, that serum zinc has been significantly lowered in children with the acute phase of nephrotic syndrome who were not treated with Livex. Erythrocyte zinc levels have been normal in these patients. A significant increase in both serum and erythrocyte zinc levels has been noted during remission, but they have still been lower that in healthy children. A three-month cure with Livex produced statistically significant increase in zinc levels in children during remission.

[Psychological aspects of the treatment of children with terminal renal failure by repeated hemodialysis]. / Psychologiczne aspekty leczenia powtarzanymi hemodializami dzieci ze schylkowa niewydolnoscia nerek.

Adaptation difficulties of adolescents during treatment with repeated dialyses are discussed. Emotional status was studied in 5 such cases. In all of them long-standing mood depression was found. The necessity of systematic psychotherapeutic care in such cases is stressed.

[Abnormalities of the genito-urinary tract in children--types, symptoms, treatment and prognosis]. / Wady ukladu moczowego u dzieci--rodzaje, objawy, leczenie, rokowanie.

Six hundred forty seven children with genito-urinary tract abnormalities selected from the group of 1,423 children with urinary infections have been analysed. Prevailing contribution of the genito-urinary tract abnormalities to the development of chronic renal failure has been emphasized. It has been shown, that diagnostic problems and delayed treatment are most frequently due to non-characteristic and oligosymptomatic course of the disease. Proper approach to the genito-urinary tract abnormalities symptomatology accompanied with proper diagnosis and management may significantly lower the incidence of severe renal failure.

[Activity of alanine aminopeptidase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase in urine of children with nephrotic syndrome]. / Aktywnosc alanyloaminopeptydazy, beta-glukuronidazy i N-acetylo-beta-D-glukozaminidazy w moczu dzieci z zespolem nerczycowym.

Activity of alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), beta-glucuronidase, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in daily urine has been determined in 27 children with nephrotic syndrome, 14 children in remission, and 11 healthy children. It was found, that these enzymes activity is significantly increased in sick children in comparison with healthy ones. Similarly, the activity of AAP and NAG in daily urine is statistically significantly higher in children with remission, than that in healthy children. An assay of these enzymes in the urine may be used in the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome and in the evaluation of its course.

[Superimposition of IgA nephropathy upon membranous glomerulonephritis in a 13-month-old boy]. / Zespól nakladania sie nefropatii IgA i bloniastego klebkowego zapalenia nerek u 13-miesiecznego chlopca.

A rare is reported of superimposition of IgA nephropathy upon membranaceous glomerulonephritis in a boy aged 13 months with fatal outcome. Attention is called to unresponsiveness of the disease to the trials of treatment, high dynamics of inflammatory changes and rapidly progressing impairment of renal function.

[Treatment of anemia with animal blood preparation "Livex" in children with pyelonephritis]. / Leczenie niedorkrwistosci u dzieci z odmiedniczkowym zapaleniem nerek preparatem z krwi zwierzecej pod nazwa "Livex".

The results are presented of anaemia treatment during pyelonephritis in 20 children with the preparation obtained from animal blood livex. The preparation was administered for eight weeks. After the treatment of a statistically significant rise was observed of haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration. No adverse effects of the preparation were observed.

[Polycystic renal disease in infants]. / Torbielowatosc nerek u niemowlat.

In the light of the observation of 4 infants with polycystic renal disease the clinical manifestation, diagnosis (with stress laid on USG) and therapeutic management are discussed. Attention is called to the possibility of adult-type polycystic renal disease in neonatal period and infancy. This type of nephropathy is supposed by the authors to be in 2 living children.

[Acute renal failure in neonates and infants]. / Ostra niewydolnosc nerek u noworodków i niemowlat.

Causes, course and prognosis in 90 cases of the acute renal failure in neonates and infants have been discussed. All cases were treated between 1971 and 1985. Recently, an increase in the incidence of the acute renal failure is being noted. The acute diarrhoea and hemolytico-uremic syndromes are the most frequent cause of the acute renal failure. Consequences of the acute renal failure and its complications require further nephrological care.