RESUMO
This study investigated the expression of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in maternal blood, cord blood and placental cells and determined IgG levels in maternal blood and cord blood from diabetic mothers. Peripheral blood, cord blood and placenta samples were collected from 26 mothers with normoglycaemia (non-diabetic, ND group) and 52 with hyperglycaemia (26 with mild gestational hyperglycaemia, MGH group, and 26 with type 2 diabetes mellitus, DM-2 group). Cells expressing CD19(+) and FcRn were identified by flow cytometry. Total IgG and its subclasses were quantified by ELISA. Maternal blood from DM-2 and cord blood from MGH exhibited a higher proportion of CD19(+) expression by B cells. DM-2 showed a lower proportion of CD19(+) cells in placenta. FcRn expression increased in cells from cord blood and placenta from MGH. Maternal blood, cord blood and placenta cells from DM-2 showed lower FcRn expression. Blood IgG levels were lower in DM-2, and cord blood IgG levels were higher in MGH. The highest levels of IgG4 were detected in the blood of hyperglycaemic mothers. The highest IgG3 and IgG4 levels in cord blood were detected in MGH, and the lowest IgG2 and IgG3 levels in DM-2. Maternal hyperglycaemia compromised placental transfer of IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4. The results suggest that regardless of hyperglycaemia degree, it decreases FcRn expression in placenta and blood cells and compromises the production and transfer of antibodies from maternal blood to newborns.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/imunologia , Diabetes Gestacional/imunologia , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/imunologia , Troca Materno-Fetal/imunologia , Placenta/imunologia , Receptores Fc/imunologia , Adulto , Antígenos CD19/genética , Antígenos CD19/imunologia , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Diabetes Gestacional/sangue , Diabetes Gestacional/genética , Diabetes Gestacional/patologia , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/imunologia , Feto , Expressão Gênica , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/genética , Recém-Nascido , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/patologia , Placenta/patologia , Gravidez , Receptores Fc/genéticaRESUMO
AIM: This article describes the changes and relationships between biochemical and immunological parameters in the colostrum and serum of diabetic women. METHODS: Colostrum and blood samples were collected from 30 diabetic and 15 normoglycaemic women. Glucose, total protein, antibody, complement proteins (C3 and C4), fat and calorie content, amylase, lipase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined. RESULTS: Glucose was higher in both the colostrum and serum of diabetic mothers compared to that of their normoglycaemic counterparts. In both groups, total protein was higher in colostrum than in serum. IgA and IgG were lower in the colostrum of hyperglycaemic mothers, whereas IgM did not vary between the groups. Colostral C3 protein was significantly lower in diabetic mothers, but colostral C4 protein was similar between normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic mothers. Fat content was lower in the colostrum of the diabetic mothers, although calorie content did not vary between the groups. Amylase was lower in colostrum than in serum in both groups. Lipase was higher in the colostrum and serum of diabetic mothers. Colostral SOD was similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that the colostrum of diabetic mothers suffers biochemical and immunological alterations that affect the levels of its components.