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1.
Hum Vaccin Immunother ; 14(2): 396-403, 2018 02 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29211620

RESUMO

A 9-valent HPV (9vHPV) vaccine has been developed to protect against HPV type 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58-related infection and disease. Previous safety analyses from 7 clinical trials conducted in 9vHPV vaccine recipients 9-26 years of age, including comparisons of 9vHPV and quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccines in girls and women 16-26 years of age, showed that the 9vHPV vaccine was generally well tolerated. Additional safety analyses were conducted to include the results of new clinical studies. The safety profile of the 9vHPV vaccine in prior qHPV vaccine recipients (n = 3756 from 1 randomized controlled trial and 2 open-label extension studies) and young men (n = 248 9vHPV and n = 248 qHPV vaccine recipients from 1 randomized controlled trial) was evaluated. Vaccine was administered as a 3-dose regimen (at Day 1 and Months 2 and 6), and adverse events (AEs) were monitored. The most common AEs were injection-site events (91.1% and 79.0% in prior qHPV vaccine recipients and young men, respectively), the majority of which were mild. Discontinuations due to an AE were rare (0.2% and 0.0% among prior qHPV vaccine recipients and young men, respectively). In young men, the AE profile of the 9vHPV vaccine was generally similar to that of the qHPV vaccine. Overall, the 9vHPV vaccine was generally well tolerated in prior qHPV vaccine recipients and in young men, with an AE profile generally consistent with that previously reported with the broader clinical program.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/efeitos adversos , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Vacinação/efeitos adversos , Adulto Jovem
2.
Auton Neurosci ; 166(1-2): 47-53, 2012 Jan 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22079748

RESUMO

Blood pressure variability (BPV) and baroreflex dysfunction may contribute to end-organ damage process. We investigated the effects of baroreceptor deficit (10 weeks after sinoaortic denervation - SAD) on hemodynamic alterations, cardiac and pulmonary remodeling. Cardiac function and morphology of male Wistar intact rats (C) and SAD rats (SAD) (n=8/group) were assessed by echocardiography and collagen quantification. BP was directly recorded. Ventricular hypertrophy was quantified by the ratio of left ventricular weight (LVW) and right ventricular weight (RVW) to body weight (BW). BPV was quantified in the time and frequency domains. The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), alpha-skeletal actin (α-skelectal), collagen type I and type III genes mRNA expression were evaluated by RT-PCR. SAD did not change BP, but increased BPV (11±0.49 vs. 5±0.3 mmHg). As expected, baroreflex was reduced in SAD. Pulmonary artery acceleration time was reduced in SAD. In addition, SAD impaired diastolic function in both LV (6.8±0.26 vs. 5.02±0.21 mmHg) and RV (5.1±0.21 vs. 4.2±0.12 mmHg). SAD increased LVW/BW in 9% and RVW/BW in 20%, and augmented total collagen (3.8-fold in LV, 2.7-fold in RV, and 3.35-fold in pulmonary artery). Also, SAD increased type I (~6-fold) and III (~5-fold) collagen gene expression. Denervation increased ANP expression in LV (75%), in RV (74%) and increased α-skelectal expression in LV (300%) and in RV (546%). Baroreflex function impairment by SAD, despite not changing BP, induced important adjustments in cardiac structure and pulmonary hypertension. These changes may indicate that isolated baroreflex dysfunction can modulate target tissue damage.


Assuntos
Barorreflexo/fisiologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Pressorreceptores/fisiopatologia , Artéria Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Animais , Denervação Autônoma/efeitos adversos , Denervação Autônoma/métodos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipertensão Pulmonar Primária Familiar , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/patologia , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/etiologia , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/patologia , Masculino , Pressorreceptores/lesões , Pressorreceptores/cirurgia , Artéria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Pulmonar/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Ultrassonografia
3.
Braz J Med Biol Res ; 43(7): 681-6, 2010 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20625658

RESUMO

We determined the sympathetic and parasympathetic control of heart rate (HR) and the sensitivity of the cardiopulmonary receptors after selective carotid and aortic denervation. We also investigated the participation of the autonomic nervous system in the Bezold-Jarish reflex after selective removal of aortic and carotid baroreceptors. Male Wistar rats (220-270 g) were divided into three groups: control (CG, N = 8), aortic denervation (AG, N = 5) and carotid denervation (CAG, N = 9). AG animals presented increased arterial pressure (12%) and HR (11%) compared with CG, while CAG animals presented a reduction in arterial pressure (16%) and unchanged HR compared with CG. The sequential blockade of autonomic effects by atropine and propranolol indicated a reduction in vagal function in CAG (a 50 and 62% reduction in vagal effect and tonus, respectively) while AG showed an increase of more than 100% in sympathetic control of HR. The Bezold-Jarish reflex was evaluated using serotonin, which induced increased bradycardia and hypotension in AG and CAG, suggesting that the sensitivity of the cardiopulmonary reflex is augmented after selective denervation. Atropine administration abolished the bradycardic responses induced by serotonin in all groups; however, the hypotensive response was still increased in AG. Although the responses after atropine were lower than the responses before the drug, indicating a reduction in vagal outflow after selective denervation, our data suggest that both denervation procedures are associated with an increase in sympathetic modulation of the vessels, indicating that the sensitivity of the cardiopulmonary receptors was modulated by baroreceptor fibers.


Assuntos
Aorta Torácica/inervação , Seio Carotídeo/inervação , Pressorreceptores/fisiologia , Reflexo/fisiologia , Animais , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 43(7): 681-686, July 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-550739

RESUMO

We determined the sympathetic and parasympathetic control of heart rate (HR) and the sensitivity of the cardiopulmonary receptors after selective carotid and aortic denervation. We also investigated the participation of the autonomic nervous system in the Bezold-Jarish reflex after selective removal of aortic and carotid baroreceptors. Male Wistar rats (220-270 g) were divided into three groups: control (CG, N = 8), aortic denervation (AG, N = 5) and carotid denervation (CAG, N = 9). AG animals presented increased arterial pressure (12 percent) and HR (11 percent) compared with CG, while CAG animals presented a reduction in arterial pressure (16 percent) and unchanged HR compared with CG. The sequential blockade of autonomic effects by atropine and propranolol indicated a reduction in vagal function in CAG (a 50 and 62 percent reduction in vagal effect and tonus, respectively) while AG showed an increase of more than 100 percent in sympathetic control of HR. The Bezold-Jarish reflex was evaluated using serotonin, which induced increased bradycardia and hypotension in AG and CAG, suggesting that the sensitivity of the cardiopulmonary reflex is augmented after selective denervation. Atropine administration abolished the bradycardic responses induced by serotonin in all groups; however, the hypotensive response was still increased in AG. Although the responses after atropine were lower than the responses before the drug, indicating a reduction in vagal outflow after selective denervation, our data suggest that both denervation procedures are associated with an increase in sympathetic modulation of the vessels, indicating that the sensitivity of the cardiopulmonary receptors was modulated by baroreceptor fibers.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Aorta Torácica/inervação , Seio Carotídeo/inervação , Pressorreceptores/fisiologia , Reflexo/fisiologia , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea , Ratos Wistar
5.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 42(10): 954-957, Oct. 2009. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-526192

RESUMO

The purpose of the present study was to determine the range of the influence of the baroreflex on blood pressure in chronic renal hypertensive rats. Supramaximal electrical stimulation of the aortic depressor nerve and section of the baroreceptor nerves (sinoaortic denervation) were used to obtain a global analysis of the baroreceptor-sympathetic reflex in normotensive control and in chronic (2 months) 1-kidney, 1-clip hypertensive rats. The fall in blood pressure produced by electrical baroreceptor stimulation was greater in renal hypertensive rats than in normotensive controls (right nerve: -47 ± 8 vs -23 ± 4 mmHg; left nerve: -51 ± 7 vs -30 ± 4 mmHg; and both right and left nerves: -50 ± 8 vs -30 ± 4 mmHg; P < 0.05). Furthermore, the increase in blood pressure level produced by baroreceptor denervation in chronic renal hypertensive rats was similar to that observed in control animals 2-5 h (control: 163 ± 5 vs 121 ± 1 mmHg; 1K-1C: 203 ± 7 vs 170 ± 5 mmHg; P < 0.05) and 24 h (control: 149 ± 3 vs 121 ± 1 mmHg; 1K-1C: 198 ± 8 vs 170 ± 5 mmHg; P < 0.05) after sinoaortic denervation. Taken together, these data indicate that the central and peripheral components of the baroreflex are acting efficiently at higher arterial pressure in renal hypertensive rats when the aortic nerve is maximally stimulated or the activity is abolished.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Ratos , Aorta/inervação , Barorreflexo/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Hipertensão Renal/fisiopatologia , Pressorreceptores/fisiologia , Denervação Autônoma , Doença Crônica , Estimulação Elétrica , Ratos Wistar
6.
Braz J Med Biol Res ; 42(10): 954-7, 2009 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19784480

RESUMO

The purpose of the present study was to determine the range of the influence of the baroreflex on blood pressure in chronic renal hypertensive rats. Supramaximal electrical stimulation of the aortic depressor nerve and section of the baroreceptor nerves (sinoaortic denervation) were used to obtain a global analysis of the baroreceptor-sympathetic reflex in normotensive control and in chronic (2 months) 1-kidney, 1-clip hypertensive rats. The fall in blood pressure produced by electrical baroreceptor stimulation was greater in renal hypertensive rats than in normotensive controls (right nerve: -47 +/- 8 vs -23 +/- 4 mmHg; left nerve: -51 +/- 7 vs -30 +/- 4 mmHg; and both right and left nerves: -50 +/- 8 vs -30 +/- 4 mmHg; P < 0.05). Furthermore, the increase in blood pressure level produced by baroreceptor denervation in chronic renal hypertensive rats was similar to that observed in control animals 2-5 h (control: 163 +/- 5 vs 121 +/- 1 mmHg; 1K-1C: 203 +/- 7 vs 170 +/- 5 mmHg; P < 0.05) and 24 h (control: 149 +/- 3 vs 121 +/- 1 mmHg; 1K-1C: 198 +/- 8 vs 170 +/- 5 mmHg; P < 0.05) after sinoaortic denervation. Taken together, these data indicate that the central and peripheral components of the baroreflex are acting efficiently at higher arterial pressure in renal hypertensive rats when the aortic nerve is maximally stimulated or the activity is abolished.


Assuntos
Aorta/inervação , Barorreflexo/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Hipertensão Renal/fisiopatologia , Pressorreceptores/fisiologia , Animais , Denervação Autônoma , Doença Crônica , Estimulação Elétrica , Feminino , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
7.
Int J Impot Res ; 21(3): 171-8, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19242482

RESUMO

To study sexual activity, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and related help-seeking behaviors among mature adults in the United States of America, a telephone survey was conducted in 2001-2002. A total of 1491 individuals (742 men/749 women) aged 40-80 years completed the survey. Overall, 79.4% of men and 69.3% of women had engaged in sexual intercourse during the 12 months preceding the interview. Early ejaculation (26.2%) and erectile difficulties (22.5%) were the most common male sexual problems. A lack of sexual interest (33.2%) and lubrication difficulties (21.5%) were the most common female sexual problems. Less than 25% of men and women with a sexual problem had sought help for their sexual problem(s) from a health professional. Many men and women in the United States report continued sexual interest and activity into middle age and beyond. Although a number of sexual problems are highly prevalent, few people seek medical help.


Assuntos
Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/epidemiologia , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/psicologia , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/epidemiologia , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/psicologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Atitude , Coleta de Dados , Relações Familiares , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Religião , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
8.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol ; 123(3-4): 251-9, 2008 Jun 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18359091

RESUMO

Associations among parameters commonly used as markers of infection by Leishmania sp., or of susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis, were investigated in 325 stray dogs from an area where this disease is endemic. Evidence of infection (presence of Leishmania in splenic cultures, positive leishmanin skin test (LST) or detection of anti-Leishmania antibody activity in the serum) was found in 57% of the animals. Both evidence of weight loss (chi(2)-test, P=0.0005) and presence of specific antibody activity in the serum (chi(2)-test, P<0.0001) were directly associated with positive splenic culture. The frequencies of animals with positive splenic culture were directly correlated with the intensities of antibody activity in the serum as measured by ELISA (relative risk of 3.4 for animals with moderate antibody levels and relative risk of 8.43 for animals with high-antibody levels). A negative association was observed between positive leishmanin skin test results and emaciation (chi(2), P=0.0089). Furthermore, animals with positive splenic cultures and negative leishmanin skin test results had higher levels of total serum IgG (Kruskal-Wallis test, P=0.001) and IgG2 (Kruskal-Wallis test, P=0.05) than animals with negative splenic cultures, and were more emaciated than animals with negative LST results and positive splenic cultures. The data presented herein suggest that associating these common parameters may improve their performance in predicting susceptibility to canine visceral leishmaniasis.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Leishmania/imunologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Baço/parasitologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Antígenos de Protozoários , Cães , Emaciação/imunologia , Emaciação/parasitologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Feminino , Leishmaniose Visceral/imunologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/parasitologia , Masculino , Baço/imunologia
9.
Auton Neurosci ; 133(2): 128-35, 2007 May 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17188942

RESUMO

The time-course of changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflexes sensitivities was evaluated in conscious rats eight hours (8 h) and ten days (10 day) after myocardial infarction (MI), induced by coronary artery ligation. RSNA was recorded by a platinum electrode implanted in left renal nerve. Arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflexes sensitivities were evaluated by changes in blood pressure and serotonin administration, respectively. Both 8 h and 10 day groups presented hypotension (103+/-4 vs. 102+/-2 vs. 115+/-4 mm Hg), but only 8 h showed tachycardia (422+/-22 vs. 378+/-11 vs. 384+/-9 bpm) when compared to Control rats. RSNA was depressed 8 h after MI and increased in 10 day group (12+/-2 vs. 39+/-8 vs. 22+/-2 mV/cycle). Although arterial baroreflex control of heart rate was similar in all groups, the arterial baroreflex control of RSNA in 8 h group was impaired during reductions (-0.35+/-0.10 vs. -1.66+/-0.23 vs. -0.09+/-0.14 mV/cycle/mm Hg) or increases (-0.77+/-0.17 vs. -1.63+/-0.58 vs. -1.66+/-0.17 mV/cycle/mm Hg) in blood pressure when compared to Control animals. Moreover, cardiopulmonary baroreflex bradycardic response was increased in 8 h rats and normalized in 10 day group. The results suggest that the increased cardiopulmonary baroreflex sensitivity in 8 h may contribute to the reduction in the tonic level of RSNA as well as in the impairment of the baroreflex control of RSNA in the presence of hypotension.


Assuntos
Barorreflexo/fisiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Artéria Renal/inervação , Fibras Simpáticas Pós-Ganglionares/fisiopatologia , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Hipotensão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Renina/sangue , Serotonina/metabolismo , Serotonina/farmacologia , Taquicardia/fisiopatologia
10.
J Chemother ; 18(3): 255-60, 2006 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17129835

RESUMO

We assessed the susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains causing communityacquired urinary tract infection (UTI) in a large urban center in Brazil, comparing two different populations (patients with health insurance vs. uninsured). 581 nonduplicate strains of E. coli were isolated. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was greater than 20% for ampicillin (51%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (43%), tetracycline (41%) and chloramphenicol (22%). Overall, 12% of the E. coli isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Resistance prevalences to most antimicrobials were similar in the two study populations. Our data provide much needed information on the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among E. coli causing communityacquired UTI in Brazil. Antimicrobial resistance among strains of E. coli causing community-acquired UTIs was relatively high, particularly resistance to ciprofloxacin.


Assuntos
Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Cobertura do Seguro , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Seguro Saúde , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distribuição por Sexo , População Urbana
11.
Int J Gynecol Cancer ; 16(2): 599-603, 2006.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16681732

RESUMO

The objective of the study was to assess knowledge and attitudes about human papillomavirus (HPV), cervical cancer, and Papanicolaou (Pap) smears among young women. A questionnaire was administered to 204 women aged 16-23 years, attending a public clinic. Data were gathered on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes related to HPV. Overall, 92% of women reported current/previous sexual activity, 42% perceived themselves at high risk of acquiring a sexually transmitted disease, 67% did not know that HPV can cause cervical cancer/warts, and only 10% acknowledged that HPV might lead to cervical cancer. In general, women had a poor knowledge on HPV diagnosis/treatment, condyloma signs, and Pap smear test. The main reasons for not having a Pap smear test done before were embarrassment (63%) and fear of pain (61%). Knowledge of HPV infection and cervical cancer was low in this urban young population. Our findings recommend for greater HPV education of the public and health care practitioners.


Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Teste de Papanicolaou , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Esfregaço Vaginal , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Educação em Saúde , Humanos , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle
12.
Int J Clin Pract ; 59(1): 6-16, 2005 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15707457

RESUMO

The Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors (GSSAB) investigated various aspects of sex and relationships among 27,500 men and women aged 40-80 years. Here, we report help-seeking behaviours for sexual problems in this population. A questionnaire was administered using the accepted survey method in each country. Although almost half of all sexually active respondents had experienced at least one sexual problem, less than 19% of them (18.0% of men and 18.8% of women) had attempted to seek medical help for their problem(s). The most frequent action taken by men and women was to talk to their partner (39%). Only 9% of men and women had been asked about their sexual health by a doctor in a routine visit during the past 3 years. Although sexual problems are highly prevalent, few men and women seek medical help for these problems. Overall, men and women show similar help-seeking behaviours.


Assuntos
Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Comportamento Sexual , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/terapia , Parceiros Sexuais
13.
Epidemiol Infect ; 132(2): 327-35, 2004 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15061508

RESUMO

To investigate potential risk factors associated with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, we performed a case-control study in 167 consecutively selected hospitalized children in Salvador, Brazil. Hp infection was identified by the presence of IgG against Hp in serum samples. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire, 38.3% children were found to be seropositive and classified as cases, and 61.7% were seronegative controls. After multivariate analysis, independent variables associated with Hp infection included: the educational attainment of the child's provider > or = 11 years (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.01-0.9), poor garbage disposal service (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-4.9), thumb sucking (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.1-19.8), brushing teeth more than once a day (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.8-17.7), having a pet dog (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.0-6.1), and a history of chronic urticaria (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.5-10.8). The risk factors identified are consistent with some, but not all, previous studies supporting either oral-oral or faecal-oral transmission of Hp. Our data suggested that a higher educational attainment might play an important role in preventing Hp infection.


Assuntos
Escolaridade , Infecções por Helicobacter/etiologia , Helicobacter pylori , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Fatores de Risco
14.
Int J Impot Res ; 16(2): 160-6, 2004 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14961047

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of female sexual dysfunctions across a selection of social groups. In all, 1219 women in the community, aged 18 y or older, answered a 38-question self-applicable questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression. The average age was 35.6 y (s.d.=12.31) and the average number of sexual intercourses was 2.8 (s.d.=1.94) a week. At least one sexual dysfunction was reported by 49% of the women; lack of sexual desire (LSD) by 26.7%; pain during sexual intercourse (PSI) by 23.1% and orgasmic dysfunction (OD) by 21%. Women aged over 40 y represented an LSD and OD risk factor, whereas women aged over 25 y showed less likelihood of presenting PSI. The educational level was inversely correlated with the risk of LSD, OD and PSI. Depression and cardiopathies increased PSI occurrences and women with diabetes mellitus showed a higher probability of developing LSD and OD. In conclusion, almost half the women had at least one sexual dysfunction, and prevalence increased with age and lower educational levels. Preventive medical care for the female population, mainly for patients with chronic and/or degenerative diseases, considerably reduced the chances of sexual dysfunction.


Assuntos
Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coito , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Libido , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Prevalência , Comportamento Sexual , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/psicologia
15.
J Appl Physiol (1985) ; 96(6): 2174-8, 2004 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14729725

RESUMO

Experiments were performed to investigate the influence of exercise training on cardiovascular function in mice. Heart rate, arterial pressure, baroreflex sensitivity, and autonomic control of heart rate were measured in conscious, unrestrained male C57/6J sedentary (n = 8) and trained mice (n = 8). The exercise training protocol used a treadmill (1 h/day; 5 days/wk for 4 wk). Baroreflex sensitivity was evaluated by the tachycardic and bradycardic responses induced by sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine, respectively. Autonomic control of heart rate and intrinsic heart rate were determined by use of methylatropine and propranolol. Resting bradycardia was observed in trained mice compared with sedentary animals [485 +/- 9 vs. 612 +/- 5 beats/min (bpm)], whereas mean arterial pressure was not different between the groups (106 +/- 2 vs. 108 +/- 3 mmHg). Baroreflex-mediated tachycardia was significantly enhanced in the trained group (6.97 +/- 0.97 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.21 bpm/mmHg, trained vs. sedentary), whereas baroreflex-mediated bradycardia was not altered by training. The tachycardia induced by methylatropine was significantly increased in trained animals (139 +/- 12 vs. 40 +/- 9 bpm, trained vs. sedentary), whereas the propranolol effect was significantly reduced in the trained group (49 +/- 11 vs. 97 +/- 11 bpm, trained vs. sedentary). Intrinsic heart rate was similar between groups. In conclusion, dynamic exercise training in mice induced a resting bradycardia and an improvement in baroreflex-mediated tachycardia. These changes are likely related to an increased vagal and decreased sympathetic tone, similar to the exercise response observed in humans.


Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Sistema Cardiovascular/inervação , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Animais , Derivados da Atropina/farmacologia , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Pressorreceptores/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressorreceptores/fisiologia , Propranolol/farmacologia , Restrição Física
16.
Int J Impot Res ; 15(4): 253-7, 2003 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12934052

RESUMO

We interviewed a population sample of 2412 men aged 40-70 y in Brazil, Italy, Japan and Malaysia about medical history, lifestyle habits and sexual behavior. Men were classified as having moderate or complete erectile dysfunction (ED) if they reported to be sometimes or never able to achieve and maintain an erection satisfactory for sexual intercourse, respectively. There were 1335 men with no diagnosis of cardiovascular or prostate diseases, diabetes, ulcer or depression, nor taking hormones. The prevalence of ED was 16.1%. ED was associated with age (the risk increased 8% per y), moderate (odds ratio (OR)=2.2) or severe (OR=4.9) lower urinary tract symptoms and smoking (OR=2.3 for >30 cigarettes/day). It was inversely associated with physical activity (OR=0.5) and higher educational levels. Between the ages of 40 and 70 y, almost one in six 'healthy' men is affected by ED. Further research should look at preclinical disease stages and genetic factors.


Assuntos
Disfunção Erétil/epidemiologia , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Educação , Disfunção Erétil/complicações , Disfunção Erétil/fisiopatologia , Exercício Físico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fumar , Doenças Urológicas/complicações
17.
Int J Impot Res ; 14 Suppl 2: S3-9, 2002 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12161762

RESUMO

Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in Brazil and to explore potential sociodemographic, medical, and lifestyle correlates. A cross-sectional, population-based, household survey was conducted in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Cluster samples of representative households were randomly selected for interviews. Of 654 eligible subjects, 602 (92%) participated. A structured questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers. ED was categorized as 'none', 'mild', 'moderate', or 'severe' according to the ability to 'attain and/or maintain an erection satisfactory for sexual intercourse'. All data were obtained by self-report. The age-adjusted prevalence of ED was 39.5% (minimal 25.1%, moderate 13.1%, severe 1.3%). Prevalence and severity increased with age. Having never been married, diabetes, depression, or prostate disease and current depressive or lower urinary tract symptoms were significantly (P<0.05) associated with increased prevalence. Medical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle variables associated with ED may alert physicians to patients at risk for ED and offer insight to its etiology.


Assuntos
Disfunção Erétil/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Disfunção Erétil/complicações , Disfunção Erétil/psicologia , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Estado Civil , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Prevalência
18.
Int J Impot Res ; 14 Suppl 2: S19-26, 2002 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12161764

RESUMO

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition in aging men, but little is known about the prevalence of ED in some specific groups of patients such as those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of ED in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis in two clinics of Londrina, Brazil. The prevalence and severity of ED were assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function and a single global question. The dependence of ED on independent variables was evaluated by logistic regression. Some degree of ED was found in 86.4% of our sample (n=118). Complete ED was reported by 25.4% of subjects, moderate ED by 35.4%, and minimal ED by 24.6%. Subjects < 50 y old had a prevalence of moderate/complete ED of 52.6%, whereas in men > or = 50 y old, it was 70.5%. Age, diabetes, and low income were significantly associated with ED. Although highly prevalent, only a low percentage of uremic ESRD patients on hemodialysis were being treated for ED. Our data suggest that ED is related to uremia and other comorbid conditions that often accompany ESRD.


Assuntos
Disfunção Erétil/complicações , Disfunção Erétil/epidemiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Diálise Renal , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Disfunção Erétil/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Distribuição por Sexo
19.
Urology ; 58(4): 583-8, 2001 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11597544

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and explore its potential sociodemographic, medical, and lifestyle correlates. METHODS: While attending the "Health Awareness Fair" in nine major cities in Brazil, 1286 men completed a questionnaire regarding ED, demographic data, and medical conditions. ED was assessed by a single global self-rating question, in which subjects were asked to describe themselves as able to achieve and maintain an erection good enough for sexual intercourse always, usually, sometimes, or never, and the responses were used to classify the subjects as having no, minimal, moderate, or complete ED, respectively. Age-adjusted bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to calculate the prevalence odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the potential covariates. RESULTS: Overall, 46.2% of men reported some degree of ED (minimal 31.5%, moderate 12.1%, complete 2.6%). The prevalence of complete ED increased 10 times from 1% to 11% between subjects younger than 40 and older than 70 years; moderate ED rose from 8% to 27%, and minimal ED remained constant at approximately 31%. In bivariate age-adjusted analyses, low educational attainment, black race/ethnicity, homo/bisexuality, and a history of diabetes, hypertension, or depression were significantly (P <0.05) associated with an increased prevalence of ED. In the multivariate logistic regression model, these variables remained significantly associated with ED. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show that ED is a major health problem in Brazil and both the severity and prevalence increase with age. The medical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle variables associated with ED may alert physicians to patients who are at risk of ED, as well as offer clues to the etiology of ED.


Assuntos
Disfunção Erétil/epidemiologia , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Bissexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Depressão/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Heterossexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Homossexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Razão de Chances , Vigilância da População , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco
20.
Braz J Med Biol Res ; 34(11): 1441-6, 2001 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11668354

RESUMO

Results of subgroup analysis (SA) reported in randomized clinical trials (RCT) cannot be adequately interpreted without information about the methods used in the study design and the data analysis. Our aim was to show how often inaccurate or incomplete reports occur. First, we selected eight methodological aspects of SA on the basis of their importance to a reader in determining the confidence that should be placed in the author's conclusions regarding such analysis. Then, we reviewed the current practice of reporting these methodological aspects of SA in clinical trials in four leading journals, i.e., the New England Journal of Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association, the Lancet, and the American Journal of Public Health. Eight consecutive reports from each journal published after July 1, 1998 were included. Of the 32 trials surveyed, 17 (53%) had at least one SA. Overall, the proportion of RCT reporting a particular methodological aspect ranged from 23 to 94%. Information on whether the SA preceded/followed the analysis was reported in only 7 (41%) of the studies. Of the total possible number of items to be reported, NEJM, JAMA, Lancet and AJPH clearly mentioned 59, 67, 58 and 72%, respectively. We conclude that current reporting of SA in RCT is incomplete and inaccurate. The results of such SA may have harmful effects on treatment recommendations if accepted without judicious scrutiny. We recommend that editors improve the reporting of SA in RCT by giving authors a list of the important items to be reported.


Assuntos
Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/normas , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto/normas , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto/métodos , Projetos de Pesquisa/normas
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