Percepções sobre Organizações Familiares com alunos (as) do Ensino Fundamental no Município de Canoas/RS - Um relato de Experiência / Perceptions about Family Organization with Elementary School Students in the Municipality of Canoas / RS - An Experience Report

As definições de família se originaram sob a influência de diversos aspectos sociais e culturais, estes são instáveis e modificáveis ao longo do tempo. Os bolsistas do Programa de Iniciação à Docência, do curso de Ciências Biológicas (PIBID), realizaram uma pesquisa em uma escola pública do município de Canoas/RS, no ano de 2016, com o objetivo de compreender as percepções de família dos educandos e promover o debate sobre as novas organizações familiares. Para coleta de dados foram realizados desenhos da família e roda de conversa. Os desenhos revelaram a existência de diferentes configurações familiares, tanto do modelo tradicional quanto do modelo de família monoparental. Foi observada a concepção de família quanto à convivência, à rede de parentes que se relacionam e também à qualidade da relação. A percepção das crianças sobre a família pode ajudar educadores a entender como o sistema familiar pode influenciar a percepção do mundo.

Family definitions will originate under the influence of various social and cultural aspects, which are unstable and changeable over time. The scholarship recipients of the Biological Sciences Initiation Program (PIBID) carried out research at the public school in the municipality of Canoas/ RS in 2016, in order to understand the family perceptions of the students, and to promote the debate about the new family organization. Family drawings and conversations were used to collect. The drawings revealed the existence of different family configurations, both of the traditional model and of the single-parent family model. We observed the conception of the family in regards to the coexistence, the network of members that are related, and also the quality of the relationship. The children's perception of the family can help educators understand how the family system can influence the perception of the world.

Mudanças comportamentais e fisiológicas determinadas pelo ciclo biológico feminino ­ climatério à menopausa / Behavioral and physiological changes determined by the female biological cycle ­ climacteric to menopause

A menopausa, período da falência ovariana, aparece como um marco corporal desencadeando sinais e sintomas que necessitam de controle e avaliação para garantir qualidade de vida no processo do envelhecimento feminino. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as ações do estrogênio no período que caracteriza o climatério/menopausa, a partir de uma revisão integrativa, cujos descritores foram: ações do estrogênio, sinais/sintomas do climatério/menopausa e terapia de reposição hormonal. O estrogênio apresenta receptores em todos os órgãos e, portanto, atua nas características anatômicas, fisiológicas e emocionais; estimula o crescimento da massa óssea e muscular; atua como antioxidante; exerce ação cardioprotetora e neuroprotetora; contribui na vitalidade emocional e sexual. Com isso, percebe-se que no climatério ocorre uma redução drástica nos níveis de estrogênio, que culmina com a ausência estrogênica na menopausa e esse fato acarreta desequilíbrio de diferentes sistemas, até atingir uma nova adaptação.(AU)

Menopause appears as a body landmark in the aging process, where along with ovarian failure, it can trigger signs and symptoms that require control and evaluation to ensure a good quality of life. The objective of this work was to investigate how the estrogen actions in the period that characterize the climacteric / menopause. From an integrative review, the descriptors were: estrogenic effects, signs and symptoms of climacteric and menopause and hormone replacement therapy. Estrogen has receptors in all organs and, therefore, acts on anatomical, physiological and emotional characteristics; in determining bone and muscle mass growth; action as antioxidant; as cardioprotective and neuroprotective; contribution to emotional and sexual vitality. It was verified that in the climacteric occurs a reduction of the hormonal levels that culminates with the menopause and that the estrogen absence causes in disequilibrium of different systems, until reaching a new adaptation.(AU)

Action of vitamin e on experimental severe acute liver failure / Composição corporal de pacientes com doença de Crohn e colite ulcerativa

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Severe Acute Liver Failure (ALF) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome characterized by hepatocyte necrosis, loss of hepatic architecture, and impairment of liver functions. One of the main causes of ALF is hepatotoxicity from chemical agents, which damage hepatocytes and result in increase of reactive oxygen species. The vitamin E isoform is the one with the strongest biological antioxidant activity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antioxidant effect of vitamin E in this ALF model. METHODS We used 56 rats (mean weight of 300 g) divided into eight groups, four groups assessed at 24 hours and 4 assessed at 48 hours after induction: control group (CO); Vitamin E (Vit. E); Thioacetamide (TAA) and Thioacetamide + Vitamina E (TAA+Vit.E). Rats were submitted to injections of thioacetamide (400 mg/kg i.p.) at baseline and 8 hours later. Vitamin E (100 mg/kg ip) was administered 30 minutes after the second dose of thioacetamide. The 48-hour group rats received two additional doses of vitamin E (24h and 36h). At 24h or 48 hours after the administration of the first dose of TAA, rats were weighed and anesthetized and their blood sampled for evaluation of liver integrity through enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Liver tissue was sampled for assessment of lipid peroxidation (LPO) by the technique TBARS, antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GPx and GST activity, levels of the NO 2 /NO 3 and histology by H&E in two times. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and statistically analyzed by ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls, with P <0.05 considered as significant. RESULTS After treatment with vitamin E, we observed a reduction in liver enzymes AST (U/L) (101.32±19.45 in 24 hours and 97.85±29.65 in 48 hours) related to the TAA group (469.56± 0.69 in 24 hours and 598.23±55.45 in 48 hours) and ALT (U/L) (76.59±8.56 in 24 hours and 68.47±6.49 in 48 hours) compared to the TAA group (312.21±10.23 in 24 hours and 359.15±17.58 in 48 hours). There was a reduction of LPO (nmol/mg Prot) in the TAA+Vit.E group (0.77±0.07 in 24 hours and 0.95±0.08 in 48 hours) compared to the TAA group (1.50±0.07 in 24 hours e 1.65±0.16 in 48 hours). SOD decreased in the TAA+Vit.E group (49.48±9.47 in 24 hours and 62.45±18, 47 in 48 hours), related to the TAA group (98.46±15.48 in 24 hours and 154.13±21.46 in 48 hours), as well as GST (nmol/min/mg Prot) in the TAA+Vit.E group (350.57±36.93 in 24 hours and 453.29±13.84 in 48 hours) compared to the TAA group (561.57±64.56 in 24 hours and 673.43±38.13 in 48 hours). There was an increase in CAT (pmol/min/mg Prot) in the TAA+Vit.E group (3.40±0.44 in 24 hours and 3.0±0.35 in 48 hours) compared to the TAA group (1.65±0.21 in 24 hours and 1.86±0.42 in 48 hours). The GPx (nmol/min/mg Prot) increased in 24 hours in the TAA+Vit.E group (1.01±0.16) compared to the TAA group (0.41±0.04) and decreased in 48 hours (1.19±0.17) compared to the TAA group (1.76±0.21). There was a reduction in NO2/NO3 (mmol/L) levels in the TAA+Vit.E group (31.47±4.26 in 24 hours and 38.93±5.20 in 48 hours) compared to the TAA group (49.37±5.12 in 24 hours and 53.53±5.97 in 48 hours). The histopathological evaluation showed a decrease in liver injury (necrosis and inflammation) in both studied times. CONCLUSION These results suggest that vitamin E was able to protect the liver from lesions caused by thioacetamide.

RESUMO CONTEXTO A Insuficiência Hepática Aguda Grave (IHAG) é uma síndrome clínica potencialmente fatal, na qual ocorre necrose dos hepatócitos, perda da arquitetura hepática e deterioração de suas funções. Dentre as principais causas da IHAG está a hepatotoxicidade decorrente de agentes químicos, que lesam os hepatócitos e acarretam aumento das espécies reativas de oxigênio. A vitamina E tem alta atividade antioxidante biológica e é amplamente distribuída nos tecidos. OBJETIVO Avaliar o efeito antioxidante da Vitamina E no modelo de IHAG. MÉTODOS Foram utilizados 56 ratos, com peso médio de 300 g, divididos em oito grupos, quatro grupos avaliados em 24 horas e quatro em 48 horas após a indução: grupo controle (CO); Vitamina E (Vit.E); Tioacetamida (TAA) e Tioacetamida + Vitamina E (TAA+Vit.E). Os ratos foram submetidos a injeções de tioacetamida, na dose de 400 mg/Kg de peso i.p., no início do experimento e, posteriormente, após 8 horas. A vit E (100 mg//Kg i.p.) foi administrada 30 minutos após a segunda dose de tioacetamida. Os animais do tempo 48 horas receberam mais duas doses de vit. E (24h e 36h). Transcorridas 24 ou 48 horas após a administração da primeira dose de TAA, os animais foram pesados, anestesiados e o sangue retirado para a avaliação da integridade hepática através das enzimas Aspartatoaminotransferase (AST) e Alanina aminotransferase (ALT). O tecido hepático foi retirado para avaliação da lipoperoxidação através da técnica de TBARS, atividade das enzimas antioxidantes SOD, CAT, GPx, e GST, avaliação de NO 2 /NO 3 e avaliação histológica pela coloração de hematoxilina e eosina nos dois tempos. Os resultados foram expressos como média ± erro padrão e a análise estatística utilizada foi ANOVA, seguido de teste de Student-Newman-Keuls, considerado significativo P <0,05. RESULTADOS Após o tratamento com a vit. E, observamos uma redução nas enzimas de integridade hepática AST (U/L) (101,32±19,45 em 24h e 97,85±29,65 em 48h) relacionado ao grupo TAA (469,56±20,69 em 24h e 598,23±55,45 em 48h) e ALT (U/L) (76,59±8,56 em 24h e 68,47±6,49 em 48h) comparado ao grupo TAA (312,21±10,23 em 24h e 359,15±17,58 em 48h). Houve uma redução da LPO (nmol/mg Prot), no grupo TAA+Vit.E (0,77±0,07 em 24h e 0,95±0,08 em 48h) comparado ao grupo TAA (1,50±0,07 em 24h e 1,65±0,16 em 48h). A SOD (USOD/min/mg Prot) diminuiu no grupo TAA+Vit.E (49,48±9,47 em 24h e 62,45±18,47 em 48h) relacionado ao grupo TAA (98,46±15,48 em 24h e 154,13±21,46 em 48h), assim como a GST (nmol/min/mg Prot) no grupo TAA+Vit.E (350,57±36,93 em 24h e 453,29±13,84 em 48h) comparado ao grupo TAA (561,57±64,56 em 24h e 673,43±38,13 em 48h). Houve aumento da CAT (pmol/min/mg Prot) no grupo TAA+Vit.E (3,40±0,44 em 24h e 3,01±0,35 em 48h) em relação ao grupo TAA (1,65±0,21 em 24h e 1,86±0,42 em 48h). A GPx (nmol/min/mg Prot) aumentou em 24h no grupo TAA+Vit.E (1,01±0,16) comparado ao grupo TAA (0,41±0,04) e diminuiu em 48h (1,19±0,17) em relação ao grupo TAA (1,76±0,21). Verificou-se redução nos níveis de NO 2 /NO 3 (mmol/L) no grupo TAA+Vit.E (31,47±4,26 em 24h e 38,93±5,20 em 48h) em relação ao grupo TAA (49,37±5,12 em 24h e 53,53±5,97 em 48h). A avaliação histopatológica mostrou diminuição da lesão hepática (necrose e inflamação) em ambas os tempos estudados. CONCLUSÃO Estes resultados sugerem que a vitamina E foi capaz de proteger o fígado de lesões causadas por tioacetamida.

ACTION OF VITAMIN E ON EXPERIMENTAL SEVERE ACUTE LIVER FAILURE.

BACKGROUND: Severe Acute Liver Failure (ALF) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome characterized by hepatocyte necrosis, loss of hepatic architecture, and impairment of liver functions. One of the main causes of ALF is hepatotoxicity from chemical agents, which damage hepatocytes and result in increase of reactive oxygen species. The vitamin E isoform is the one with the strongest biological antioxidant activity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antioxidant effect of vitamin E in this ALF model. METHODS: We used 56 rats (mean weight of 300 g) divided into eight groups, four groups assessed at 24 hours and 4 assessed at 48 hours after induction: control group (CO); Vitamin E (Vit. E); Thioacetamide (TAA) and Thioacetamide + Vitamina E (TAA+Vit.E). Rats were submitted to injections of thioacetamide (400 mg/kg i.p.) at baseline and 8 hours later. Vitamin E (100 mg/kg ip) was administered 30 minutes after the second dose of thioacetamide. The 48-hour group rats received two additional doses of vitamin E (24h and 36h). At 24h or 48 hours after the administration of the first dose of TAA, rats were weighed and anesthetized and their blood sampled for evaluation of liver integrity through enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Liver tissue was sampled for assessment of lipid peroxidation (LPO) by the technique TBARS, antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GPx and GST activity, levels of the NO 2 /NO 3 and histology by H&E in two times. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and statistically analyzed by ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls, with P <0.05 considered as significant. RESULTS: After treatment with vitamin E, we observed a reduction in liver enzymes AST (U/L) (101.32±19.45 in 24 hours and 97.85±29.65 in 48 hours) related to the TAA group (469.56± 0.69 in 24 hours and 598.23±55.45 in 48 hours) and ALT (U/L) (76.59±8.56 in 24 hours and 68.47±6.49 in 48 hours) compared to the TAA group (312.21±10.23 in 24 hours and 359.15±17.58 in 48 hours). There was a reduction of LPO (nmol/mg Prot) in the TAA+Vit.E group (0.77±0.07 in 24 hours and 0.95±0.08 in 48 hours) compared to the TAA group (1.50±0.07 in 24 hours e 1.65±0.16 in 48 hours). SOD decreased in the TAA+Vit.E group (49.48±9.47 in 24 hours and 62.45±18, 47 in 48 hours), related to the TAA group (98.46±15.48 in 24 hours and 154.13±21.46 in 48 hours), as well as GST (nmol/min/mg Prot) in the TAA+Vit.E group (350.57±36.93 in 24 hours and 453.29±13.84 in 48 hours) compared to the TAA group (561.57±64.56 in 24 hours and 673.43±38.13 in 48 hours). There was an increase in CAT (pmol/min/mg Prot) in the TAA+Vit.E group (3.40±0.44 in 24 hours and 3.0±0.35 in 48 hours) compared to the TAA group (1.65±0.21 in 24 hours and 1.86±0.42 in 48 hours). The GPx (nmol/min/mg Prot) increased in 24 hours in the TAA+Vit.E group (1.01±0.16) compared to the TAA group (0.41±0.04) and decreased in 48 hours (1.19±0.17) compared to the TAA group (1.76±0.21). There was a reduction in NO2/NO3 (mmol/L) levels in the TAA+Vit.E group (31.47±4.26 in 24 hours and 38.93±5.20 in 48 hours) compared to the TAA group (49.37±5.12 in 24 hours and 53.53±5.97 in 48 hours). The histopathological evaluation showed a decrease in liver injury (necrosis and inflammation) in both studied times. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that vitamin E was able to protect the liver from lesions caused by thioacetamide.

Effect of lecithin on oxidative stress in an experimental model of rats colitis induced by acetic acid / Efeito da lecitina sobre o estresse oxidativo no modelo experimental de colite induzida por ácido acético em ratos

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease that affects the bowels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the progress of UC. Objective: Evaluate the antioxidant effect of lecithin in an experimental model of acute UC induced by administration of acetic acid (AA) in rats. Methods: Lecithin (0.5 mL/kg/day) administered orally 2 days before and after induction of colitis with 4% AA in a volume of 4 mL. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided in 5 groups: control (CO); control + lecithin (CO + LE); colitis (CL); colitis + lecithin (CL + LE); lecithin + colitis (LE + CL). Anal sphincter pressure, LPO (TBARS), and antioxidant activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured, and a histological analysis with H&E was performed. Results and discussion: Anal sphincter pressure was significantly smaller in the CO group, lecithin treatment increased it in pre- and post-treated groups. LPO and SOD activity were increased in the CO group and decreased in the lecithin-treated groups. CAT activity was increased in CO group and decreased in lecithin groups. The histological analysis showed damage to the bowels with destruction of crypts, edema, and inflammatory infiltrate. Use of lecithin preserved the crypts and decreased the edema. Conclusion: Ulcerative colitis increased lipid peroxidation, and the use of lecithin was effective reducing damage to the bowels in the model of experimental colitis.

A retocolite ulcerativa (RCUI) é uma doença intestinal inflamatória. Espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) estão envolvidas no progresso da RCUI. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito antioxidante de lecitina em modelo experimental de RCUI induzida pela administração de ácido acético (AA) em ratos. Métodos: A Lecitina (0,5 mL/kg/dia) foi administrada por via oral 2 dias antes e após a indução de colite com AA. Vinte e cinco ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em 5 grupos: controle (CO); controle + lecitina (CO + LE); colite (CL); colite + lecitina (CL + LE); lecitina + colite (LE + CL). Foram avaliadas: pressão do esfíncter anal, lipoperoxidação (LPO), atividade antioxidante das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD) e catalase (CAT), e foi realizada uma análise histológica com H&E. Resultados e discussão: A pressão do esfíncter anal foi significativamente menor no grupo CL, o tratamento com lecitina aumentou a pressão nos grupos pré e pós tratados. A LPO e atividade da SOD aumentaram no grupo CL e diminuíram nos grupos tratados com lecitina. A atividade da CAT foi aumentada no grupo CL e diminuiu nos grupos com lecitina. A análise histológica mostrou danos ao intestino com destruição das criptas, edema e infiltrado inflamatório. O uso de lecitina proporcionou uma preservação das criptas e diminuição do edema. Conclusão: A RCUI aumenta a LPO, a utilização de lecitina foi eficaz na redução dos danos ao intestino induzido por AA no modelo de colite experimental.

Efecto de la glutamina en el estrés oxidativo y la inflamación en un modelo de rata con insuficiencia hepática fulminante.

Introducción: la insuficiencia hepática fulminante (IHF) es un síndrome clínico poco frecuente, que se caracteriza por una disfunción hepática severa y repentina. La tioacetamida (TAA) es una hepatotoxina cuya administración puede inducir necrosis centrolobulillar en las células hepáticas y aumentar la formación de especies reactivas de oxígeno y la peroxidación lipídica en ratas. La glutamina es un precursor para la síntesis de glutatión. Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio es evaluar los efectos antioxidantes de la glutamina en un modelo de rata de IHF inducida por TAA. Métodos: ratas macho Wistar se dividieron en cuatro grupos de acuerdo con el tratamiento y el tiempo de evaluación: control, glutamina (25 mg/kg), tioacetamida (400 mg/kg) y tioacetamida más glutamina. Los animales se evaluaron después de 24, 36 y 48 horas. Se recogieron muestras de sangre para el análisis de los niveles de aspartato aminotransferasa (AST), alanina aminotransferasa (ALT), fosfatasa alcalina (AP), bilirrubina total (TB) y creatinina (CRE), y muestras de hígado para evaluar la peroxidación lipídica, las sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), la actividad de las enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutasa (SOD), glutatión peroxidasa (GPx), catalasa (CAT) y glutatión S-transferasa (GST). Además se midieron mediante inmunohistoquímica el factor nuclear kappa N (NF-κB), el fator de necrosis tumoral (TNF-α) y la óxido nítrico sintasa inducible (iNOS). Resultados: la TAA causó alteraciones en los parámetros bioquímicos e histológicos, y el aumento de los marcadores del proceso inflamatorio. Los niveles de TBARS y la actividad de SOD y GST fueron significativamente inferiores en los grupos de glutamina en comparación con TAA. La actividad de CAT se incrementó en los animales tratados con glutamina en comparación con la TAA. La actividad GPx también fue menor a las 36 y 48 h en los animales tratados com glutamina. El daño tisular y la expresión de NF-κB, TNF-α e iNOS fueron significativamente inferiores en los animales tratados con glutamina. Conclusión: la glutamina ha demostrado tener efectos protectores contra el daño hepático en un modelo de IHF inducida por TAA en la rata.

Effects of quercetin on polychlorinated biphenyls-induced liver injury in rats.

INTRODUCTION: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), used as pesticides in agriculture, can lead to irreversible injuries in living organisms, particularly in liver. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the liver pathogenesis induced by different molecules, including PCBs. It has been demonstrated that quercetin, an antioxidant flavonoid found in the diet, exhibits a potent antioxidant effect in different liver pathologies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate oxidative stress caused by PCBs in liver and the antioxidant activity of quercetin. METHODOLOGY: We used male Wistar rats (n = 36), divided in 4 groups: control, quercetin (50 mg/kg/day), PCBs (0.4 ml/kg/day), and rats treated with both PCBs and quercetin. On day 25 blood was collected to assess liver integrity (enzymes AST, ALT and ALP), and liver samples to measure oxidative stress (TBARS), activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) and DNA damage (micronucleus assay), and histological damage. RESULTS: TBARS concentration and SOD activity were significantly higher in PCBs animals as compared to the PCB group receiving quercetin. CAT and GPx decreased in PCBs and increased when quercetin was added. The histological analysis showed damage to hepatocytes in PCBs, but quercetin was able to afford protection against such damage. The micronucleus test showed there was an increase in the production of microclenucleus compared to control, and quercetin was able to reduce this effect. CONCLUSION: Contamination with PCBs led to increased lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, and the use of antioxidant quercetin was effective in reducing PCBs-induced liver injury.

Introducción: los bifenilospoliclonados (PCBs) son pesticidas ampliamente usados en agricultura que pueden inducir daños irreversibles particularmente en el hígado. El estrés oxidativo ha sido implicado en diversas patogénesis hepáticas, incluidas las relacionadas conPCBs. La quercetina, un flavonoide de la dieta, ha demostrado tener un potente efecto antioxidante en diversos modelos de patología hepática. Objetivo: Evaluar el estrés oxidativo hepático inducido por PCBs y la actividad antioxidante de la quercetina. Metodología: Se usaron ratas macho de raza Wistar (n = 36), divididas en cuatro grupos: control, quercetina (50 mg/kg/día), PCBs (0,4 ml/kg/día) y ratas tratadas tanto con PCBs como con quercetina. Transcurridos 25 días de tratamiento se recogieron muestras de sangre, para evaluar la integridad hepática (AST, ALT y ALP), y de tejido para cuantificar el estrés oxidativo (TBARS), actividad antioxidante (SOD, CAT, GPx), daño al DNA (ensayo de micronúcleos) y daño histológico. Resultados: la concentración de TBARS y la actividad SOD fueron significativamente mayores en los animales que recibieron PCBs que en los que recibían quercetina. La actividad de CAT y GPx se redujo con los PCBs y se incrementó al administrar quercetina. Los análisis histológicos y de micronúcleos mostraron daño hepático y al DNA respectivamente inducido por PCBs que eran revertidos con el tratamiento con quercetina. Conclusion: La contaminación con PCBs induce un incremento en la peroxidación lipídica, modificación en la actividad de enzimas antioxidantes, daño histológico y al DNA en el hígado, siendo el antioxidante quercetina es capaz de reducir dichos cambios.

Effect of Boswellia serrata on antioxidant status in an experimental model of colitis rats induced by acetic acid.

AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the antioxidant effect of an extract of the plant Boswellia serrata in an experimental model of acute ulcerative colitis induced by administration of acetic acid (AA) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The extract of B. serrata (34.2 mg/kg/day) was administered orally by gavage for 2 days before and after induction of colitis with AA diluted to 4 % and in a volume of 4 ml. RESULTS: The anal sphincter pressure in the groups treated with B. serrata showed a significant increase compared to the colitis group (P < 0.001). Histological analysis of treated animals showed less edema with preservation of mucosal crypts. Lipid peroxidation showed a significant decrease in the treated groups compared to the colitis group (P < 0.001). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity showed a significant reduction in the treated groups compared to the colitis group (P < 0.001), the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) significantly increased in the treated groups compared to colitis group (P < 0.05), and the same was the result for enzyme activity glutathione (GSH; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The extract of B. serrata has active antioxidant substances that exert protective effects in acute experimental colitis.

Protection of estrogen in portal hypertension gastropathy: an experimental model.

CONTEXT: Portal hypertension is a complication secondary to cirrhosis that is characterized by increased blood flow and/or vascular resistance in the portal system, causing the appearance of a hyperdynamic collateral circulation. Partial portal vein ligation is an experimental model used in rats to study the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in pre-hepatic portal hypertension. Estrogen E2 is an antioxidant molecule with various physiological actions. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the antioxidant activity of endogenous estrogen in an experimental model of partial portal vein ligation by comparing intact with castrated rats. METHODS: Twenty Wistar rats, weighing on average 250 g were used and divided into four groups: sham-operated (SO); intact (I) with partial portal vein ligation (I + PPVL), castrated (C) and castrated with partial ligation of the vein (C + PPVL). Day 1: castration or sham-operation; day 7, PPVL surgery; on day 15 post-PPVL, portal pressure in the mesenteric vein of rats was measured on polygraph Letica. Lipid peroxidation in the stomach was assessed using the technique of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Statistical analysis was done with ANOVA - Student-Newman-Keuls (mean ± SE), and P<0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: Portal pressure was significantly increased in C + PPVL as compared to the other groups. There was no significant difference in the group of intact rats. TBARS showed significant damage in C and C + PPVL in relation to others. Antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased in the castrated rats with subsequent PPVL as compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: We suggest that estrogen E2 plays a protective role in intact compared with castrated rats because it presents hydrophenolic radicals in its molecule, thus acting as an antioxidant in this experimental model.

Protection of estrogen in portal hypertension gastropathy: an experimental model / Proteção do estrogênio na gastropatia da hipertensão portal: um modelo experimental

CONTEXT: Portal hypertension is a complication secondary to cirrhosis that is characterized by increased blood flow and/or vascular resistance in the portal system, causing the appearance of a hyperdynamic collateral circulation. Partial portal vein ligation is an experimental model used in rats to study the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in pre-hepatic portal hypertension. Estrogen E2 is an antioxidant molecule with various physiological actions. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the antioxidant activity of endogenous estrogen in an experimental model of partial portal vein ligation by comparing intact with castrated rats. METHODS: Twenty Wistar rats, weighing on average 250 g were used and divided into four groups: sham-operated (SO); intact (I) with partial portal vein ligation (I + PPVL), castrated (C) and castrated with partial ligation of the vein (C + PPVL). Day 1: castration or sham-operation; day 7, PPVL surgery; on day 15 post-PPVL, portal pressure in the mesenteric vein of rats was measured on polygraph Letica. Lipid peroxidation in the stomach was assessed using the technique of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Statistical analysis was done with ANOVA - Student-Newman-Keuls (mean ± SE), and P<0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: Portal pressure was significantly increased in C + PPVL as compared to the other groups. There was no significant difference in the group of intact rats. TBARS showed significant damage in C and C + PPVL in relation to others. Antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased in the castrated rats with subsequent PPVL as compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: We suggest that estrogen E2 plays a protective role in intact compared with castrated rats because it presents hydrophenolic radicals in its molecule, thus acting as an antioxidant in this experimental model.

CONTEXTO: A hipertensão portal é uma complicação secundária à cirrose que tem como característica aumento do fluxo sanguíneo e/ou resistência vascular no sistema porta, causando o surgimento de uma circulação colateral hiperdinâmica. A ligadura parcial de veia porta é o modelo experimental utilizado em ratos para estudar os mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos na hipertensão portal pré-hepática. O estrogênio E2 é uma molécula antioxidante com diferentes ações fisiológicas. OBJETIVOS: Verificar a ação antioxidante do estrogênio endógeno em modelo experimental de ligadura parcial de veia porta comparando ratas intactas com ratas castradas. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizadas 20 ratas Wistar, pesando em média 250 g, divididas em quatro grupos: "sham-operated" (SO); intactas com ligadura parcial da veia porta (I + LPVP); castradas (C) e castradas com ligadura parcial da veia porta (C + LPVP). No 1º dia: castração ou "sham-operated"; no 7º dia cirurgia de LPVP; no 15º dia após a LPVP, foi verificada a pressão portal na veia mesentérica das ratas, no polígrafo Letica. A lipoperoxidação no estômago foi avaliada através da técnica das substâncias reativas ao acido tiobarbitúrico e a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase, catalase e glutationa peroxidase. A análise estatística utilizada foi ANOVA - Student-Newmann-Keuls, (Média ± EP) e foi considerado significativo para P<0.05. RESULTADOS: A pressão portal mostrou aumento significativo no grupo C + LPVP em relação aos demais, não houve diferença significativa no grupo das ratas intactas. O TBARS mostrou dano estatisticamente significativo no grupo C e C + LPVP em relação aos demais. Quanto às enzimas antioxidantes, as ratas castradas e com posterior ligadura parcial de veia porta tiveram aumento significativo em relação às demais. CONCLUSÃO: Sugere-se que o estrogênio E2, por apresentar radicais hidrofenólicos em sua molécula, desempenha um papel protetor nas ratas intactas em comparação com as castradas, agindo assim, como antioxidante, neste modelo experimental.