ON THE METHODOLOGY OF PASSPORT DOSES CALCULATION FOR UKRAINIAN SETTLEMENTS RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED DUE TO THE CHORNOBYL NPP ACCIDENT. / ЩОДО МЕТОДИКИ РОЗРАХУНКУ ПАСПОРТНИХ ДОЗ НАСЕЛЕНИХ ПУНКТІВ УКРАЇНИ, ЯКІ ЗАЗНАЛИ РАДІОАКТИВНОГО ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ В РЕЗУЛЬТАТІ АВАРІЇ НА ЧАЕС.

OBJECTIVE: scientific substantiation of the new methodology for estimation of passport doses of the settlementswhich belong to Zone of Unconditional (obligatory) Resettlement, or 2nd zone and Zone of Granted VoluntaryResettlement, or 3rd zone in the framework of dosimetric passportization in accordance with the legislation ofUkraine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 37 years after the accident, radioactive contamination of the environment has significantly decreased. However, it is still necessary to carry out ecological and dosimetric monitoring and apply countermeasures in certain territories of Ukraine affected by the accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant: restriction of the consumption of locally produced milk, forest products, etc. The methodology, which was since 1996 used to estimate the passport doses of Ukrainian settlements, no longer corresponds to the current level of scientific knowledge about radioactive contamination of environment. The new methods of passport doses calculating presented in the work involves the use of a model whose parameters are determined by the types, quality and completeness of radio-ecological and dosimetric monitoring carried out on the radioactively contaminated territories in 1986-2013. The methodology takes into account the specific of radioactive contamination of each settlement. The passport dose of external exposure is reconstructed only from 137Cs radionuclide, because the contributions of other Chornobyl radionuclides influence the radiation dose only in the first years after the accident. The passport dose of internal exposure is formed as a result of the consumption of 137Cs contaminated food products. It is calculated depending on the availability in the settlement in the current year of the results of measurements of the 137Cs radionuclide activity incorporated in the human body using a whole body counter (WBC) and the activity of 137Cs in the private milk. At the same time, priority is given precisely to the results of WBC measurements of 137Cs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A new methodology (Methodology-2023) for passport doses calculation of Ukrainian settlements was substantiated. A comparison of passport doses based on the results of radioecological and dosimetric monitoring in 2011 calculated by Methodology-2023 and passport doses calculated by Methodology-96 was made.Passport doses calculated by Methodology-2023 increased by 40 % on average compared to doses calculated by Methodology-96. At the same time, passport doses of internal radiation calculated by the new methodologyincreased by 1.5 times, and passport doses of external radiation increased by 1.7 times. The passport dose of 2011, calculated by Methodology-2023, exceeds the legally established limit of 1 mSv in 71 settlements, most of which are located in Korostenkyi raion of Zhytomyr Oblast.

COMPLEX RADIATION AND HYGIENIC MONITORING OF POPULATION ON RADIOLOGICALLY CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES OF ZHYTOMYR OBLAST IN 2021. / KOMPLEKSNYI RADIATsIINO-GIGIIeNIChNYI MONITORYNG MEShKANTsIV RADIOAKTYVNO ZABRUDNENYKh TERYTORII ZhYTOMYRS'KOÏ OBLASTI U 2021 ROTsI.

OBJECTIVE: the key factors identification in radiation dose formation in population of radiologically contaminatedareas of Zhytomyr oblast in the current period of accident through complex radiation and hygienic monitoring in reference settlements in 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For complex radiationhygienic monitoring in Zhytomyr oblast, 10 settlements were chosen - Narodychi, Selets, Bazar, Rudnya Bazarska, Khrystynivka - zone 2, Motiyki, Zalissya, Davydky, Radcha, Nova Radcha - zone 3 of Narodychi district, in which the highest radiation doses were recorded after the accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The research was carried out in June 2021. In order to determine the doses of internal radiation, 645 measurements were performed on whole body counters (WBC) (478 adults and 167 children). The 44 samples of milk, 45 samples of potatoes and vegetables, and 38 samples of wild products were collected in local farms and measured for the 137Cs and 90Sr content. Residents of the studied settlements (n = 220, 175 adults, and 45 children) were interviewed about the levels of consumption of staple foodstuffs. External radiation doses were evaluated in all the studied settlements. Mathematical, dosimetry, and radiochemical methods were applied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Annual effective radiation doses of Zhytomyr oblast population in 2021 were formedmainly due to internal radiation ones that not exceeded 1.8 mSv * year-1 in adults and 0.5 mSv * year-1 in children against the radiologically contaminated territories (RCT) criterion of 1 mSv * year-1. Intake of 137Cs with milk and wild mushrooms, which traditionally occupy a significant part of diet in Zhytomyr oblast area and have consistently high levels of radioactive cesium contamination, remains a key factor of internal radiation dose forming in residents of the surveyed settlements of Zhytomyr oblast.

RETINA VESSELS CHANGES IN CHORNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT EMPLOYEES WHO EXPERIENCED LONG-TERM ABNORMAL RADIATION EXPOSURE AT THE WORKPLACE AS A RESULT OF THE OCCUPATION OF CHORNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN 2022. / ZMINY SUDYN SITKIVKY V SPIVROBITNYKIV ChORNOBYL'S'KOÏ ATOMNOÏ ELEKTROSTANTsIÏ, IaKI ZAZNALY TRYVALOGO NENORMOVANOGO RADIATsIINOGO VPLYVU NA ROBOChOMU MISTsI VNASLIDOK OKUPATsIÏ ChAES U 2022 ROTsI.

During the occupation of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) in 2022, a group of employees remained in the working town for a long time. These personnel were exposed to long-term radiation and non-radiation factors of the production environment, as well as stress and other factors. These factors could result in negative changes of health.It is known that radiation exposure causes changes in the course and caliber of retinal vessels. OBJECTIVE: to assess the condition of retinal arteries and veins and the level of incorporated 137Cs content in persons who were exposed to prolonged exposure to radiation and non-radiation factors of industrial environment, as they were at the workplace overtime during the occupation of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive ophthalmological examination was carried out. Which included the determination of the diameter of the retinal arteries and veins, the arteriovenous ratio, of 55 people from among the personnel of the ChNPP, who worked under the conditions of the occupation of the ChNPP. All those examined were examined on an expert human radiation counter. The results of the ophthalmological examination were compared with the results of earlier examinations of ChNPP employees of the same age groups. RESULTS: It was established that in the examined group, a decrease in the arterio-venous ratio was observed, mainly due to the expansion of retinal veins. Dilatation of the veins was asymmetric, mainly the branches of the central vein of the retina of the right eye were more dilated. Retinal arteries were narrowed in all examined subjects. When comparing the results with the data of previous examinations, it was established that the arterio-venous ratio in this group was probably lower than in previously examined employees of the ChNPP of the same age groups. At the same time, the maximum registered value of the content of incorporated 137Сs was 713 Bq/organism, none of the examined exceeded the control level of 1,000 Bq/organism. CONCLUSIONS: Violation of blood circulation in the retina was detected - a probable increase in the arteriovenous ratio due to the expansion of the retinal veins in the personnel of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant who worked under the conditions of the occupation of the ChNPP in 2022. Since the examined subjects did not exceed the control level of incorporated 137Сs content (1,000 Bq/organism), the observed effect may be a consequence of the influence of other, both radiation and non-radiation factors.

Dissociation characteristics and anthropogenic emissions from the combustion of double gas hydrates.

Gas hydrates are an alternative and environmentally friendly energy source increasingly in the focus of scientific attention. The physicochemical processes behind gas hydrate combustion are studied experimentally and numerically with a view to improving the combustion efficiency and reducing gas emissions. It is important to estimate the pollutant emission concentrations in the context of combustion conditions. The research deals with the dissociation and combustion behavior of double gas hydrates in a tubular muffle furnace. Gas hydrates of different composition are considered: methane, methane-ethane, methane-propane and methane-isopropanol. Double gas hydrates are characterized by more stable combustion compared to methane hydrate. It is also shown that the double gas hydrate dissociation rate increases by 15-30% with increasing temperature. Dissociation and combustion processes were also modeled as part of the research, accounting for phase transitions in a gas hydrate layer. According to the simulation results, the total dissociation rate of gas hydrate increases by 3 times with an about 2.5-times increase in the powder layer thickness. Our experiments also focused on the impact of furnace temperature and gas hydrate composition on concentrations of anthropogenic gas emissions. We have found that the presence of heavy hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane and isopropanol in double gas hydrates reduce unburned CH4 emissions by 60%. Also, an increase in the combustion efficiency of double gas hydrates, accompanied by a decrease in the concentrations of unburned CH4 and CO, affects the yield of CO2, which increased by 13-35%. When we increased the temperature in the furnace from 750 °C to 1050 °C, concentrations of nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide increased by up to five times. Thus, the resulting correlations between the key parameters of these processes and a set of the main inputs illustrate the possibility to predict the optimal conditions for the combustion of gas hydrates.

COMPREHENSIVE RADIATION AND HYGIENIC MONITORING IN POPULATION OF THE RIVNE OBLAST RADIOLOGICALLY CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES. / KOMPLEKSNYI RADIATsIINO/GIGIIeNIChNYI MONITORYNG MEShKANTsIV RADIOAKTYVNO ZABRUDNENYKh TERYTORII RIVNENS'KOÏ OBLASTI U 2020 r.

OBJECTIVE: The key factors identification in radiation dose formation in population of radiologically contaminatedareas of Rivne oblast in the current period of accident through comprehensive radiation and hygienic monitoring inreference settlements in 2020 and estimation of their impact on dose formation were the study objectives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comprehensive radiation and hygienic monitoring of settlements in Rivne oblast(province) was provided in Stare Selo, Vezhytsia, Perekhodychi, and Drozdyn villages of Rokytne district, where thehighest radiation doses were registered after the ChNPP accident. Studies were conducted in September 2020.Measurements (n=696, 318 adults, and 378 children) were performed using the whole body counters (WBC) to deter-mine the internal radiation doses. The 48 samples of milk, 45 samples of potatoes and vegetables, and 35 samplesof wild products were collected in local farms and measured for the 137Cs and 90Sr content. Residents of the studiedsettlements (n=229, 140 adults, and 89 children) were interviewed about the levels of consumption of staple food-stuffs. External radiation doses were evaluated in all the studied settlements. Mathematical, dosimetric, and radio-chemical methods were applied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Annual effective radiation doses of the Rivne oblast population in 2020 were formedmainly due to internal radiation ones that not exceeded 1.24 mSv · year-1 in adults and 0.65 mSv · year-1 in childrenagainst the RCT criterion of 1 mSv · year-1. Further 1.2-1.9-fold decrease in the annual internal radiation doses vs.the results of WBC-monitoring in autumn of 2017 was registered in the surveyed settlements. The latter confirmeda time pattern of radiation levels gradual reduction at the current stage of Chornobyl accident since 2011. Intakeof 137Cs with milk and wild mushrooms, which traditionally occupy a significant part of diet in the Rivne Polissya areaand have consistently high levels of radioactive cesium contamination, remains a key factor of internal radiationdose forming in residents of the surveyed settlements of Rivne oblast.

RECONSTRUCTION, VERIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF WBC MEASUREMENTS DATED 1986 THAT WERE INPUTTED TO ELECTRONIC DATABASE IN 2019-2021. / VIDNOVLENNIa, VERYFIKATsIIa TA ANALIZ REZUL'TATIV LVL/VYMIRIuVAN' 1986 R., ShchO VNESENI DO ELEKTRONNOÏ BAZY U 2019­2021 rr.

Objective of research is to improve the electronic database of WBC measurements dated 1986 by inputting of newinformation from paper carriers, reconstruction of information gaps, verification and analysis of new entered data,revision of internal exposure doses that are based on results of WBC measurements dated 1986. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2013-2015 during a revision of databases (DB) of WBC measurements results dated1986-2014, it was discovered a great amount of paper carriers with information about WBC measurements, includ-ing the ones dated 1986, that were not inputted to the electronic DB. The paper carriers were systematized andordered by the following indicators: place of residence of a person and place of WBC measurement, institution andoperator that made the measurement, measurement device and date of measurement. For a comfortable inputtingof the information to the electronic DB, it was additionally created a form which exists as an option in existing program complex Silbody (Version 19.0.9). In the revised DB of WBC measurements dated 1986 internal exposure dosesfrom radio-cesium of Chornobyl origin were computed based on an ecological and dosimetric model for radio-cesiummigration in environment and a model for radio-cesium metabolism in human body. In the work, mathematical andstatistical methods of research were used. RESULTS: In 2019-2021 additionally 35,319 notes were inputted to the electronic DB of WBC measurement dated1986, and as a result its volume increased in 2.2 times. Mostly those are data on results concerning residents of Kyiv,Zhytomyr, Donetsk, Cherkasy, Odessa, Ivano-Frankivsk, and Rivne Oblasts. It was established the information onmeasurement devices and respectively on the minimal detected activity (MDA) for 27,119 notes (76.7 % of all newentered). Information is reconstructed about the body mass of all persons under investigation. Evaluation is madefor values of intake of incorporated radionuclides 137Cs and 134Cs for all new entered to DB. Quality of reconstructedinformation was analyzed. To group 1, «qualitative¼, it was classified 18,598 notes (53 % of all new entered), measurements in 1986 (including new entered). Dose not exceeding 1 mSv was obtained by 80 % of adults (older than20), as well as 73 % of persons younger than 20. CONCLUSION: To DB of WBC measurements, it was additionally inputted 35,319 notes on results of measurementsdated 1986. New entered information is verified and distributed by the quality groups. Individual exposure dosesevaluated based on those data can be used for further scientific research.

Radiation Inactivation of Coronavirus Infection Pathogen by the Example of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus.

In recent years, members of the Coronaviridae family have caused outbreaks of respiratory diseases (MERS, SARS, and COVID-19). At the same time, the potential of radiation-induced inactivation of this group of viruses have been little studied, although radiation technologies can be widely used both in the processing of personal protective equipment and in the sterilization of vaccines. In the present work, the effect of 10 MeV electron beams and 7.6 MeV bremsstrahlung on the coronavirus infection pathogen (transmissible gastroenteritis virus) has been studied in vitro. In the given experimental conditions, irradiation with photons turned out to be more effective. The virus-containing suspension frozen at -86°C was the most resistant to radiation: the dose required for complete inactivation of the virus in this case was from 15 kGy, while for the liquid suspension and lyophilized form the sterilizing dose was from 10 kGy. At lower radiation doses for all samples during passaging in cell culture, residual infectious activity of the virus was observed. These differences in the efficiency of inactivation of liquid and frozen virus-containing samples indicate a significant contribution of the direct effect of radiation.

[The results of phase III multicenter open randomized controlled study REM-Chol-III-16 in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis syndrome caused by chronic diffuse liver diseases].

AIM: To assess the safety and efficacy of Remaxol, solution for infusion, compared with parenteral form of S-adenosyl-L-methionine, in the treatment of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis syndrome accompanying chronic diffuse liver diseases of various etiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a multicenter open-label comparative study of the safety and efficacy of Remaxol (inosine + meglumine + methionine + nicotinamide + succinic acid) 317 patients aged 18 to 65 years were randomized into 2 groups: patients of the experimental group (n=168) received intravenous Remaxol, solution for infusion, 400 ml, and patients of the control group (n=149) Heptral (S-adenosyl-L-methionine) 800 mg. The duration of treatment was 10 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients who responded to therapy, as demonstrated by dynamics of laboratory parameters of liver functional status: decrease in gamma glutamyl transpeptidase level by 40%, and/or alkaline phosphatase level by 30%, and/or decrease total bilirubin level by 30% from baseline by the end of the treatment course. RESULTS: The proportion of responders was 51% in the Remaxol group vs. 44.9% in the Heptral group (p=0.303); the lower limit of the one-sided 95% confidence interval for the difference in the proportions of responders was -4.01%, which exceeds the non-inferiority margin pre-defined by the study protocol, thus, the non-inferiority hypothesis was proven, i.e. Remaxol at a dose of 400 ml/day demonstrates similar efficacy to Heptral at a dose of 800 mg/day in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis syndrome associated with chronic diffuse liver diseases. Similar positive trends in the levels of transaminases, total bilirubin and the severity of pruritus were revealed in both treatment groups. We did not reveal statistically significant between-group differences in the frequency of adverse events definitely related to the study treatment. CONCLUSION: Administration of Remaxol as a part of the pathogenetic therapy of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis syndrome who need hepatoprotection is justified.

Taxonomic composition and biodiversity of the gut microbiome from patients with irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and asthma.

To date, the association of an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota with various human diseases, including both diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and disorders of the immune system, has been shown. However, despite the huge amount of accumulated data, many key questions still remain unanswered. Given limited data on the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) from different parts of Siberia, as well as the lack of data on the gut microbiota of patients with bronchial asthma (BA), the aim of the study was to assess the biodiversity of the gut microbiota of patients with IBS, UC and BA in comparison with those of healthy volunteers (HV). In this study, a comparative assessment of the biodiversity and taxonomic structure of gut microbiome was conducted based on the sequencing of 16S rRNA genes obtained from fecal samples of patients with IBS, UC, BA and volunteers. Sequences of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes types dominated in all samples studied. The third most common in all samples were sequences of the Proteobacteria type, which contains pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. Sequences of the Actinobacteria type were, on average, the fourth most common. The results showed the presence of dysbiosis in the samples from patients compared to the sample from HVs. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was lower in the IBS and UC samples than in HV and higher the BA samples. In the samples from patients with intestinal diseases (IBS and UC), an increase in the proportion of sequences of the Bacteroidetes type and a decrease in the proportion of sequences of the Clostridia class, as well as the Ruminococcaceae, but not Erysipelotrichaceae family, were found. The IBS, UC, and BA samples had signif icantly more Proteobacteria sequences, including Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, Parasutterella, Halomonas, Vibrio, as well as Escherichia spp. and Shigella spp. In the gut microbiota of adults with BA, a decrease in the proportion of Roseburia, Lachnospira, Veillonella sequences was detected, but the share of Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus sequences was the same as in healthy individuals. A signif icant increase in the proportion of Halomonas and Vibrio sequences in the gut microbiota in patients with BA has been described for the f irst time.

Evaluation of Morphological and Histological Changes of Aggregated Lymph Nodes in the Small Intestine after Imofan Treatment in Immunosuppressed Rats.

Diffuse nodular lymphoid hyperplasia is a rare gastrointestinal disease that can be diagnosed by multiple nodules in the small intestine, large intestine, or both. Immunodeficiency and infections are the common situations that lead to the diffusion of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia. For instance, Giardia lamblia and Helicobacter pylori are the major pathogens leading to this disorder. Diffuse nodular lymphoid hyperplasia leads to allergic reactions, immunodeficiency, and autoimmune diseases. Imunofan-RDKVYR Peptide-is a potential agent in regenerative medicine. The present study aimed to investigate morphological features of the aggregated lymphoid nodules of the small intestine after the Imunofan (IM) administration following Cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. In total, 72 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into two groups (n=36). Group I was considered the control group, and group II was subjected to intramuscular injections (needle 21 G) of0.2 ml of normal saline following the Cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th days of the experiment. The animals in group II were injected with Cyclophosphamide at a dose of 200 mg/kg bodyweight to induce immunosuppression. The animals in the experimental group (n=36) were subjected to intramuscular injections (needle 21 G) of the 0.2 ml IM at a dose of 0.7µg/kg body weight on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th days of the experiment. The results of the study indicated that on the 7th day in group II, the length and width of the aggregated lymphoid nodules increased, as well as the height and width of the lymphoid nodules and internodular zones as structural components of the lymphoid formations in the small intestine. In group I, by the 30th day of the experiment, the linear dimensions of the aggregated lymphoid nodules exceeded, but to a lesser extent than on the 7th day of the experiment which explains the ability of IM to neutralize the effects of Cyclophosphamide. It should also be noted that the IM was performed to regenerate damaged cells which helped maintain the population of lymphocytes in the limb and led to an increase in linear dimensions (length and width) not only between the joint but also in the lymph nodes.

Evaluation of Rat Brain Morphology Following the Induction of Acute Meningitis Treated with Ceftriaxone.

The soft and delicate tissue of the brain, which is the center of our coordination, is protected by its surrounding layers. The disruption of these layers results in complicated situations and serious health problems. The brain has three protective layers of bone or skull tissue, the blood tissue layer, and finally the meningeal layer. The layer of blood tissue contains the blood vessels that are located between the skull and the meningeal membranes. If germs or foreign matter enter the fluid through the blood vessels under any circumstances and cause infection, the bones that protect the meninges will break and cause tissue damage. The present study aimed to assess the histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the brain of rats that underwent induced acute purulent pneumococcal meningitis after antibiotic therapy with Ceftriaxone. A number of 20 white adult male Wistar rats were assigned to three groups. The first group (n=5) regarded as the control were injected with a saline solution into the subarachnoid space in an equivalent amount. The second and third groups of rats (n=5 and 10, respectively) were infected with acute purulent meningitis by the injection of 10 µl of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumonia) suspension into the subarachnoid space of the brain using a 23-G needle. The various areas of the brains of rats after meningitis induced by S. pneumoniae were examined after the treatment with Ceftriaxone. The S. pneumoniae culture was injected into the subarachnoid space in the area of the rhomboid fossa. Treatment started 18 h after the injection. On day 10, a repeated puncture was performed with the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in order to confirm the absence of meningitis; thereafter, the animals were taken out of the experiment. No signs of meningitis were found on histological examination. Mild perivascular and pericellular focal edema were revealed with signs of overload of the lymphatic system in the brain and focal ischemic changes in neurons. The investigation of expression with caspase-3 revealed a positive reaction of individual neurons. A positive reaction with antibodies to NeuN and Doublecortin was detected in most neurons; moreover, Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes and their processes were visualized in all layers of the brain substance. The reaction with neuron-specific enolase (NSE), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), CD 31, and CD 34 was negative. Typical structure and pictures pointed to an intact brain and purulent meningitis in the first and second groups. The microscopic image and the changes revealed during immunohistochemistry by dual corticosteroid antibodies and neuronal nuclear protein were characterized by predominantly cytoplasmic and perinuclear reactions, respectively. Some neurons are positive for caspase-3 and are related to changes in the characteristic of premature aging.

Transparent Spin Method for Spin Control of Hadron Beams in Colliders.

We present a concept for control of the ion polarization, called a transparent spin method. The spin transparency is achieved by designing such a synchrotron structure that the net spin rotation angle in one particle turn is zero. The polarization direction of any ions including deuterons can be efficiently controlled using weak quasistatic fields. These fields allow for dynamic adjustment of the polarization direction during an experiment. The main features of the transparent spin method are illustrated in a figure-eight collider. The results are relevant to the electron-ion collider considered in the U.S., the nuclotron-based ion collider facility constructed in Russia, and a polarized electron-ion collider planned in China.

A Unique Prototypic Device for Radiation Therapy: The p53-Independent Antiproliferative Effect of Neutron Radiation.

Radiation therapy with heavy particles including neutrons, an otherwise therapeutically perspective because of its high tissue penetration and efficient tumor damage, is currently limited by the lack of adequate equipment. An NG-24 generator (140 kg, 42 × 110 cm, ~1011 particles/s, > 14 MeV) has been designed and engineered to replace the huge and environmentally harmful neutron reactors, cyclotrons, and accelerators with a compact, portable, safe, and potent source of high-energy neutrons. We demonstrate that the neutron beam produced by NG-24 causes a significant antiproliferative effect on human tumor cell lines regardless of the status of the anti-apoptotic p53 protein. Phosphorylation of histone 2A and increased amounts of p21, cyclin D, and phospho-p53 were detectable in HCT116 colon carcinoma cells (wild-type p53) irradiated with 4 Gy several days post-treatment, accompanied by G2/M phase arrest. These treatments dramatically reduced the ability of single cells to form colonies. In the HCT116p53KO subline (p53 -/-), the G2/M arrest was independent of the aforementioned mechanisms. Hence, the NG-24 generator is a source of a powerful, therapeutically relevant neutron flux that triggers a p53-independent antiproliferative response in tumor cells.

[Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome group outbreak caused by Sochi virus.]

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) occupies a leading place among natural focal human diseases in the Russian Federation. Sporadic incidence of HFRS-Sochi has been annually recorded in the Krasnodar Territory since 2000. The group outbreak of the HFRS-Sochi was first registered in Gelendzhik in the fall of 2013. METHODS: Serological methods were used: indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme immunoassay, FRNT in Vero cells, and methods for the viral RNA detection: PCR and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Data of clinical, epidemiological, immunological and molecular studies of 3 out of 4 cases in HFRS-Sochi outbreak are presented. Severity of the disease correlated with early gastrointestinal disorders appearance. Patient MA gastrointestinal disorders were joined on day 3 of a fever. Clinical and laboratory studies revealed signs of kidneys, liver, pancreas damage, bilateral hydrothorax, bilateral polysegmental pneumonia and polyneuropathy. As a result of long-term treatment, the patient recovered. Patient AA had gastrointestinal disturbances the next day after fever onset. The patient was not saved, despite early hospitalization. Hantavirus antigen and RNA were detected in the lung tissues 2 out of 10 Black-Sea field mice captured in the affected area, as well as in the organs of deceased patient. The most severe clinical course of the disease in close relatives, son and father, with a fatal outcome in the latter case may be the result of genetic features. The severity and outcome of the disease was not depend on day of hospitalization and correlated with the early manifestations of gastrointestinal disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Presented data confirm high virulence and pantropism of the Sochi virus, as well as the epidemiological role of Black-Sea field mouse (Apodemus ponticus) as the host of the Sochi virus and the source of human infection.

Generation of two iPSC lines (ICGi008-A and ICGi008-B) from skin fibroblasts of a patient with early-onset Alzheimer's disease caused by London familial APP mutation (V717I).

The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines ICGi008-A and ICGi008-B were generated from dermal fibroblasts using episomal vectors expressing pluripotency factors. Dermal fibroblasts were obtained from a 55 year old male Сaucasian familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient carrying heterozygous V717I mutation in the APP gene. The generated iPSC lines maintained the original APP genotype, expressed pluripotency markers, exhibited a normal karyotype and retained the ability to differentiate into cell types of the three germ layers. The iPSC lines will be useful for the study of the AD molecular and cellular mechanisms and drug screening.

Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell line, ICGi007-A, by reprogramming peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a patient with Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by mutation in the HTT gene encoding HTT protein. The mutant protein leads to the neuronal death through dysregulation of multiple cellular processes. HD human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a useful and valid model for the disease study. iPSC line from HD patient with 47 CAG repeats in HTT was generated from blood mononuclear cells by non-integrating episomal vectors. The iPSC line retained the mutation, expressed pluripotency markers, had a normal karyotype and displayed in vitro differentiation to the three germ layers. Resource table.

[Correlation of the genetic profile and features of the rehabilitation after ischemic stroke]. / Korreliatsiia geneticheskogo profilia i osobennostei reabilitatsii posle ishemicheskogo insul'ta.

AIM: To examine an effect of polymorphisms of lipid peroxidation system genes on the risk of ischemic stroke as well as the prognosis of disease outcome after rehabilitation measures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven hundred and forty-six patients with ischemic stroke and 500 patients of the control group were genotyped for 6 polymorphisms of lipid peroxidation system genes: HIF1a C1772T, ApoE Σ2/Σ3/Σ4, MnSOD C47T, GPX-1 C599T, BDNF G196T, p22phox C242T. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The HIF1a C1772T polymorphism was a significant risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke with the odds ratio 1.702 (p<0.05). For GPX-1 C599T and BDNF G196T polymorphisms, a trend towards a higher frequency of heterozygous genotypes was shown in patients with the negative dynamics of neurological status. The results suggest the influence of genetic variants not only on the risk of stroke but also on treatment and rehabilitation outcomes.

Injection of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as a Cause of Hemorrhages in the Regional Lymph Nodes: Experimental Study.

Hemorrhagic changes after subcutaneous injection of autologous bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal cells with transfected GFP gene and additionally stained cell membranes to WAG rats in the projection of ligated femoral vein were studied by fluorescent microscopy. Hemorrhages in tissues with experimental acute local venous occlusion were caused by a combination of venous hypertension with inflammation around the foreign body - the ligature used for ligation of the vein. Fibrin found in tissues together with erythrocytes in the hemorrhages could stimulate the formation of granulations and new vessels instead of damaged or thrombosed ones. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and their detritus getting into the regional lymph nodes initiated immune reactions morphologically confirmed by stubborn hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the lymphoid nodules, hemorrhages, and manifest diapedesis of erythrocytes to the organ parenchyma and sinus system.

Some Peculiarities of Local Distribution of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells after Their Injection into Intact Muscle Tissue in Experiment.

Changes in the muscular tissue after subcutaneous injection of autologous bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells transfected with GFP gene and additionally stained with cell membrane dye Vybrant CM-Dil in the projection of ligated femoral vein were studied by light microscopy with luminescence. Stromal cells injected through the skin can appear not only in the damaged tissue where acceleration of regeneration processes is required, but also in intact structures located in superficial or deeper layers. In intact muscular tissue, stromal cells spreading in the perivascular tissue initiate inflammation and migration of macrophages, activate and even trigger sclerotic processes due to differentiation into connective tissue cells (fibroblasts) and stimulation of proliferation and collagen synthesis by host fibroblasts. Injected multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells are gradually phagocytized by macrophages.

Results of Experimental Ligation of the Main Vein with the Use of Cell Technologies.

Autologous multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSC) of bone marrow origin with transfected GFP gene and additionally stained cell membranes were injected to rats through the skin in the projection of ligated femoral vein. The results were evaluated by fluorescent microscopy. No signs of MMSC incorporation into the wall of ligated vessel or reorganized collaterals were detected. Angiogenesis processes involving MMSC were detected in experimental rats within just 4 days and progressed until week 2 postinjection, mainly in granulations at the site of surgical intervention and the cicatrix forming there. Injected MMSC completely formed all tunics of the new vessels and incorporated in the vessels forming from the recipient cells. MMSC and the objects created from them were gradually eliminated with participation of macrophages and replaced by structures formed from the recipient cells.