Targeting Lyn regulates Snail family shuttling and inhibits metastasis.

The acquisition of an invasive phenotype by epithelial cells occurs through a loss of cellular adhesion and polarity, heralding a multistep process that leads to metastatic dissemination. Since its characterization in 1995, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been closely linked to the metastatic process. As a defining aspect of EMT, loss of cell adhesion through downregulation of E-cadherin is carried out by several transcriptional repressors; key among them the SNAI family of transcription factors. Here we identify for the first time that Lyn kinase functions as a key modulator of SNAI family protein localization and stability through control of the Vav-Rac1-PAK1 (Vav-Rac1-p21-activated kinase) pathway. Accordingly, targeting Lyn in vitro reduces EMT and in vivo reduces metastasis of primary tumors. We also demonstrate the clinical relevance of targeting Lyn as a key player controlling EMT; patient samples across many cancers revealed a strong negative correlation between Lyn and E-cadherin, and high Lyn expression in metastatic tumors as well as metastasis-prone primary tumors. This work reveals a novel pancancer mechanism of Lyn-dependent control of EMT and further underscores the role of this kinase in tumor progression.

Mid-IR laser oscillation in Cr2+:ZnSe planar waveguide.

We demonstrate 2.6 µm mid-infrared lasing at room temperature in a planar waveguide structure. Planar waveguides were fabricated using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) by depositing chromium doped zinc selenide thin films on sapphire substrate (Cr2+:ZnSe/sapphire). Highly doped Cr2+:ZnSe/Sapphire thin film sample was also used to demonstrate passive Q-switching of Er:YAG laser operating at 1.645 µm.

10-watt, pure continuous-wave, polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnS laser.

We demonstrate, for the first time, 10 W, Er-fiber laser pumped, pure CW, thermally diffusion doped, polycrystalline Cr(2+):ZnS laser operating at 2380 nm. We also show Littrow-grating, "single-knob", wavelength tuning of the laser spanning 1940-2780 nm spectral range with the maximum output power of 7.4 W near the central wavelength of 2400 nm and above 2 W over 1970-2760 nm wavelength range. The laser performs with 40% real optical- and 43% slope efficiency, and shows no output power roll-off up to the highest available incident pump power of 27 W.

Tunable, single-frequency, and multi-watt continuous-wave Cr2+:ZnSe lasers.

We demonstrate CW rapidly-tunable (4.5 microm/s), highpower (150 mW), single-longitudinal-mode (120 MHz) single-crystalline Cr(2+):ZnSe laser; CW widely-tunable (2.12-2.77 microm), multi-watt (2 W over 2.3-2.7 microm), polycrystalline Cr(2+):ZnSe laser; CW multi-watt (6 W, at 2.5 microm), highly efficient (48% real efficiency) polycrystalline Cr(2+):ZnSe laser; CW multi-watt (3 W, at 2.5 microm), highly efficient (41% real efficiency) ultra-compact polycrystalline Cr(2+):ZnSe laser; and CW hot-pressed ceramic Cr(2+):ZnSe laser.

Multiwavelength mid-IR spatially-dispersive CW laser based on polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnSe.

For the first time we demonstrate a multiwavelength, ultrabroadband, continuous-wave, tunable, polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnSe spatially-dispersive laser, operating in the near IR spectral region. We show a dual-wavelength operation of the laser, tunable over a 600 nm spectral range (2200-2800 nm), an ultrabroadband operation of the laser, producing a continuous 135 nm wide spectrum centered at 2500 nm, and show a 200 nm wide (2400-2600 nm) multiline, tunable output spectra, consisting of up to 40 spectral lines. We also show simultaneous tuning of a 20-lines ultrabroadband spectrum over a spectral range of 2200-2800 nm.

Erbium fiber laser-pumped continuous-wave microchip Cr(2+):ZnS and Cr(2+):ZnSe lasers.

Efficient continuous-wave (cw) lasing of Cr(2+):ZnS and Cr(2+):ZnSe crystals in external hemispherical cavities and in a microchip configuration under Er-fiber-laser pumping at room temperature are reported. The key result is what is believed to be the first successful demonstration of cw Cr(2+):ZnS and Cr(2+):ZnSe microchip lasers with maximum output powers of 63 and 100 mW at 2320 and 2520 nm, with slope efficiencies of 53% and 20%, respectively.

[Urodynamics of the upper urinary tracts after ureteroplasty (experimental data)]. / Sostoianie urodinamiki verkhnikh mochevykh putei posle plasticheskikh operatsii na mochetochnike (éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

An experimental study on 12 mongrel dogs was made for assessment of urodynamics of the upper urinary tracts after reconstructive surgery. Ureterohydronephrosis was modelled by cryodestruction, confirmed by x-ray and radionuclide examinations. Urodynamics of the upper urinary tracts was studied by measurements of the intraluminal pressure and at multichannel impedance ureterography under thiopental anesthesia. It was found that reestablishment of normal urine passage after ureteroplasty is not accompanied by urodynamic recovery. Preoperative hyperfunction of the upper urinary tracts and their postoperative hypofunction appeared unfavourable prognostic signs for ureteroplasty outcomes.

[Results of upper urinary tract malformations correction in adults operated in childhood]. / Rezul'taty korrektsii porokov razvitiia verkhnikh mochevykh putei u vzroslykh, podverkhshikhsia operativnym vmeshatel'stvam v detstve.

3-13-year follow-up results are presented for 83 adult patients operated in childhood for ureterohydronephrosis, hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux. Positive results were obtained in adults operated in early childhood when renal and urinary compensatory mechanisms were stronger. In hydronephrosis and vesicoureteral reflux the results were better than in ureterohydronephrosis. Combined clinical, morphological and experimental investigations have revealed a direct relationship between renal, ureteral functional reserves in adult patients and age of the correcting operation in childhood, degree of intactness of the kidneys and urodynamics, regenerative ability of leiomyocytes.