The effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on infected dentin in primary teeth: A randomized controlled clinical trial protocol.

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been used for the treatment of dental caries. Papacarie is a gel composed of papain and chloramine employed for the partial removal of carious tissue, effective against bacteria, however, some studies report that this antibacterial action is not quite so evident. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical effect of aPDT on infected dentin in dental caries lesion in primary teeth. METHODS: Thirty-two primary molars with deep occlusal dental caries will be selected and divided in 2 groups: G1 - caries removal with a low-speed drill and G2 - application of aPDT with PapacarieMBlue. After treatment, all the teeth will be restored with glass ionomer cement and followed up clinically and radiographically, with evaluations at 3, 6, and 12 months. Dentin samples before and after treatment will be analyzed microbiologically. The data will be submitted to descriptive statistical analysis of the association between the categorical variables and both age and gender using the chi-square test and Fisher exact text. The Student t test and analysis of variance will be used for the comparison of mean signs and symptoms of reversible pulpitis. Pearson correlation coefficients will be calculated for the analysis of correlations among the continuous variables. DISCUSSION: Adding methylene blue dye to the formula of PapacarieMBlue might potentiate the antimicrobial action of aPDT and work more effectively on the infected dentin combined with a conservative, minimally invasive treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02734420 on 10 march 2016.

In-Office Tooth Bleaching for Adolescents Using Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Gels: Clinical Trial.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate colorimetric changes and tooth sensitivity in adolescents and young patients submitted to tooth bleaching with 20% and 35% hydrogen peroxide. A randomized, controlled, clinical trial was conducted with 53 patients aged 11 to 24 years who were allocated to groups based on the use of the following commercial products: Whiteness HP - FGM® (35% hydrogen peroxide); Whiteness HP Blue Calcium - FGM® (35% hydrogen peroxide); and Whiteness HP Blue Calcium - FGM® (20% hydrogen peroxide). After the bleaching procedure, the visual analog scale was used to measure tooth sensitivity and the Vita Classical Shade guide was used to determine changes in tooth color. Statistical analysis involved the Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls tests, with p≤0.05 considered indicative of statistical significance. The addition of calcium contributed to a reduction in tooth sensitivity, especially when the lower concentration of hydrogen peroxide (20%) was used. Tooth sensitivity occurred in a transitory way and did not influence the tooth bleaching process. Significant differences in color were found after each of the two bleaching sessions. In-office tooth bleaching was considered an effective method for adolescents and young adults. Further studies in this population are necessary in order to fully evaluate the effects of bleaching in young teeth.

In-Office Tooth Bleaching for Adolescents Using Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Gels: Clinical Trial

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate colorimetric changes and tooth sensitivity in adolescents and young patients submitted to tooth bleaching with 20% and 35% hydrogen peroxide. A randomized, controlled, clinical trial was conducted with 53 patients aged 11 to 24 years who were allocated to groups based on the use of the following commercial products: Whiteness HP - FGM® (35% hydrogen peroxide); Whiteness HP Blue Calcium - FGM® (35% hydrogen peroxide); and Whiteness HP Blue Calcium - FGM® (20% hydrogen peroxide). After the bleaching procedure, the visual analog scale was used to measure tooth sensitivity and the Vita Classical Shade guide was used to determine changes in tooth color. Statistical analysis involved the Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls tests, with p≤0.05 considered indicative of statistical significance. The addition of calcium contributed to a reduction in tooth sensitivity, especially when the lower concentration of hydrogen peroxide (20%) was used. Tooth sensitivity occurred in a transitory way and did not influence the tooth bleaching process. Significant differences in color were found after each of the two bleaching sessions. In-office tooth bleaching was considered an effective method for adolescents and young adults. Further studies in this population are necessary in order to fully evaluate the effects of bleaching in young teeth.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar alterações colorimétricas e sensibilidade dentária em adolescentes e jovens submetidos ao clareamento dental com peróxido de hidrogênio a 20% e 35%. Foi realizado um ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado com 53 pacientes, com idade entre 11 e 24 anos, que foram alocados em grupos com base nos seguintes produtos comerciais: Whiteness HP - FGM® (35% peróxido de hidrogênio); Whiteness HP Blue Calcium - FGM® (peróxido de hidrogénio a 35%); e Whiteness HP Blue Calcium - FGM® (20% de peróxido de hidrogênio). Após o procedimento de clareamento, a escala analógica visual foi utilizada para medir a sensibilidade dentária e a escala clássica Vita® foi utilizada para determinar as alterações de coloração. A análise estatística envolveu os testes de Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis e Student-Newman-Keuls, com valor de p≤0,05 considerado indicativo de significância estatística. A adição de cálcio contribuiu para uma redução da sensibilidade dentária, especialmente quando se utilizou a menor concentração de peróxido de hidrogénio (20%). A sensibilidade dentária ocorreu de forma transitória e não influenciou o processo de clareamento dos dentes. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas na cor após cada uma das duas sessões de clareamento. O clareamento dental de consultório foi considerado um método eficaz para adolescentes e adultos jovens. Estudos adicionais nesta população são necessários para avaliar completamente os efeitos do clareamento em dentes jovens.

Controlled clinical trial addressing teeth whitening with hydrogen peroxide in adolescents: a 12-month follow-up.

OBJECTIVES:: To evaluate the colorimetric change in incisors and canines of adolescents aged 12 to 20 years submitted to at-home whitening and to evaluate satisfaction, sensitivity and discomfort during the procedures through a questionnaire. METHOD:: Thirty adolescents were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) 6.0% hydrogen peroxide (White Class with calcium - FGM); 2) 7.5% hydrogen peroxide (White Class with calcium - FGM); 3) 10% hydrogen peroxide (Oral B 3D White - Oral-B); 4) Control group - placebo. Assessments were performed prior to treatment as well as at 7, 30, 180 and 360 days after treatment. Friedman's ANOVA was used to analyze color. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test was used to compare the groups at the different evaluation times. Answers on the questionnaires were ranked, and non-parametrical tests were employed. The groups were compared in each period using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. Categorical data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, and the Wilcoxon test was used for the analysis of different periods. P-values were corrected using the Hyan-Holm step-down Bonferroni procedure. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01998386. RESULTS:: Similar results were obtained one month after treatment with both tooth whitening gels and whitening strips. Patients were partially satisfied with the treatment after the first and second weeks and would recommend it. All products demonstrated color stability after 12 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS:: The bleaching procedure was efficient, and the patients could perceive its result. Further investigations are needed to determine the effects of bleaching on young teeth.

Controlled clinical trial addressing teeth whitening with hydrogen peroxide in adolescents: a 12-month follow-up

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the colorimetric change in incisors and canines of adolescents aged 12 to 20 years submitted to at-home whitening and to evaluate satisfaction, sensitivity and discomfort during the procedures through a questionnaire. METHOD: Thirty adolescents were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) 6.0% hydrogen peroxide (White Class with calcium - FGM); 2) 7.5% hydrogen peroxide (White Class with calcium - FGM); 3) 10% hydrogen peroxide (Oral B 3D White - Oral-B); 4) Control group - placebo. Assessments were performed prior to treatment as well as at 7, 30, 180 and 360 days after treatment. Friedman’s ANOVA was used to analyze color. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test was used to compare the groups at the different evaluation times. Answers on the questionnaires were ranked, and non-parametrical tests were employed. The groups were compared in each period using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. Categorical data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, and the Wilcoxon test was used for the analysis of different periods. P-values were corrected using the Hyan-Holm step-down Bonferroni procedure. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01998386. RESULTS: Similar results were obtained one month after treatment with both tooth whitening gels and whitening strips. Patients were partially satisfied with the treatment after the first and second weeks and would recommend it. All products demonstrated color stability after 12 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The bleaching procedure was efficient, and the patients could perceive its result. Further investigations are needed to determine the effects of bleaching on young teeth.