Dopamine / Artesunate loaded polyhydroxybutyrate-g-cellulose- magnetite zinc oxide core shell nanocomposites: Synergistic antimicrobial and anticancer efficacy.

In this study, polyhydroxybutyrate-g-cellulose - Fe3O4/ZnO (PHB-g-cell- Fe3O4/ZnO) nanocomposites (NCs) was synthesized and used as a delivery system for Dopamine (DO) /Artesunate (ART) drugs. Different types of cells (Ccell, Scell, Pcell) grafted with PHB were designed and mixed with different contents of Fe3O4/ZnO. Physical and chemical features of PHB-g-cell-Fe3O4/ZnO NCs were detected by FTIR, XRD, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. ART/DO drugs were loaded into PHB-g-cell- Fe3O4/ZnO NCs by single emulsion technique. The rate of drugs release was studied at different pHs (5.4, 7.4). Owing to the overlap between the absorption bands of both drugs, differential pulse adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (DP-AdCSV) was used for the estimation of ART. To study the mechanism of ART and DO release, zero-order, first order, Hixon Crowell, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models were applied to the experiment results. The results showed that Ic50 of ART @PHB-g-Ccell-10% DO@ Fe3O4/ZnO, ART @PHB-g-Pcell-10% DO@ Fe3O4/ZnO and ART @PHB-g-Scell-10% DO@ Fe3O4/ZnO were 21.22, 12.3, and 18.11 µg/mL, respectively. The results revealed that ART @PHB-g-Pcell-10% DO@ Fe3O4/ZnO was more effective against HCT-116 than the carriers loaded by a single drug. The antimicrobial efficacy of the nano-loaded drugs was considerably improved compared with free drugs.

Synthesis and validation of ultrasensitive stripping voltammetric sensor based on polypyrrole@ZnO/Fe3O4 core-shell nanostructure for picomolar detection of artesunate and dopamine drugs.

A stripping voltammetric sensor for ultrasensitive detection of artesunate (ART) and dopamine HCl (DA) has been successfully developed using a Ppy@ZnO/Fe3O4 core-shell nanocomposite ([PZM])-modified carbon paste sensor (MCPS). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area method, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of the nanomaterials. Noteworthily, the morphology of [PZM] reveals a spherical core-shell nanostructure with an increase in the average diameter range of 20-37.5 nm (specific surface area (SSA) of 28.5 m2 g-1 (0.0247 cm3 g-1)) when compared with the average diameter range 7.5-15.7 nm (SSA of 5.43 m2 g-1 (0.0111 cm3 g-1)) of ZnO/Fe3O4[ZM]. The [PZM] MCPS provided the best electroactive surface area (0.078 cm2) and the least electrocatalytic activity (Rst = 370 Ω). Furthermore, the MCPS showed low detection limits (LODs) of 0.092 pg mL-1 (0.24 pM) and 0.0046 pg mL-1 (0.03 pM) for ART and DA, respectively. Moreover, LODs were found to be 0.029 pg mL-1 (0.75 pM) and 0.014 pg mL-1 (0.09 pM) for ART mixed with 0.7 pM of DA (ART1) and DA in the presence of 2.0 pM of ART drug (DA1), respectively. In addition, the MCPS revealed a proper repeatability, reproducibility, and storage stability (93.5-90.48%). During the routine analysis, the [PZM] MCPS detected ART and DA concentrations in human urine, without interference.

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(amine)-coated nickel oxide nanoparticles for norfloxacin delivery: antibacterial and cytotoxicity efficiency.

Sustained release dosage forms enable prolonged and continuous release of a drug in the gastrointestinal tract for medication characterized by a short half lifetime. In this study, the effect of blending polyamine on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) as a carrier for norfloxacin (NF) was studied. The prepared blend was mixed with different amounts of NiO nanoparticles and characterized using FTIR analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the drug released from the nanocomposite has a slow rate in comparison with NiO, PHB, and PHB/polyamine blend. The highest ratio of NiO content to the matrix (highest NF loading), leads to a slower rate of drug release. The release from the nanocomposites showed a faster rate at pH = 2 than that at pH = 7.4. The mechanisms of NF adsorption and release were studied on PHB/polyamine-3% NiO nanocomposite. In addition, the antimicrobial efficacy of nanocomposites loaded with the drug was determined and compared with the free drug. Inclusion of NiO into PHB/polyamine showed a higher efficacy against Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa than the free NF. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of PHB/polyamine-3% NiO against HePG-2 cells was investigated and compared with PHB and PHB/polyamine loaded with the drug. The most efficient IC50 was found for NF@PHB/polyamine-3% NiO (29.67 µg mL-1). No effect on cell proliferation against the normal human cell line (WISH) was observed and IC50 was detected to be 44.95 and 70 µg mL-1 for NiO nanoparticles and the PHB/polyamine-3% NiO nanocomposite, respectively indicating a selectivity of action towards tumor cells coupled with a lack of cytotoxicity towards normal cells.

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/polyethylene glycol-NiO nanocomposite for NOR delivery: Antibacterial activity and cytotoxic effect against cancer cell lines.

Norfloxacin (NOR), a well-known antibacterial agent is also known to have potential antitumor activity. In this study, NOR was immobilized into poly(3-hydroxybutyrate/polyethylene glycol­nickel oxide (PHB/PEG-NiO) nanocomposites using different NiO contents. The NiO nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel method and the nanocomposites were prepared by solution cast films. Physicochemical features of nanocomposites were monitored by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM and TGA. PHB/PEG-5%NiO nanocomposites showed high NOR loading efficiency (60%) and a long-sustained release in comparison with other carriers. The studies on the adsorption of NOR onto PHB/PEG-NiO nanocomposite revealed that the adsorption process obeyed second order kinetic and Temkin isotherm was applicable to describe the adsorption process. The mechanism of release was studied by using different kinetic equations. The loaded nanocomposites (NOR@PHB/PEG-NiO) showed effective antimicrobial activity towards gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), and gram-negative bacteria (E.coli and Klebsiella pneumonia). The in vitro cytotoxicity was conducted on four human cancer cell lines viz., liver Hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer cell, prostate cancer cell, and breast adenocarcinoma from human and one normal human amnion cell line using MTT assay. Cytotoxicity results demonstrated that NOR@PHB/PEG-NiO significantly reduced cell viability than free NOR. NOR@ PHB/PEG-NiO has about 2.5-fold more cytotoxicity as compared with free drug with a lack of cytotoxicity against normal cells.