Evaluation of the functional capacity and quality of life of children and adolescents during and after cancer treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional capacity and quality of life of children and adolescents during cancer treatment and post-treatment. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of patients during cancer treatment and post-treatment, assessed by the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and the Pediatric Quality of Life ™ questionnaire (cancer module). RESULTS: Sixty-five patients, aged 11.2±3.5 years, mostly males (50.8%) and white (90.8%), with high incidence of hematological cancers (81.5%) participated in the study. The performance in the 6MWT was 23.1% inferior comparing the mean predicted and achieved (584.3±5 and 447.7±78.6 m, respectively). The percentage difference between the predicted and achieved 6MWT, and the different phases of cancer treatment were significantly different between patients in treatment (73.7±12.8) and post-treatment (84.5±9.1). When grouped by the different diagnoses, it was possible to observe that the distance covered by the patients with leukemia showed results closer to that predicted (80.7±11.7). Regarding the health-related quality of life questionnaire (HRQL), the child's perception (78.0±14.56) was better than that reported by their parents (72.4±17.74). However, when we compared HRQL with the 6MWT, there was no association between them (p=0.597). CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents undergoing cancer treatment or post-treatment showed a 23% deficit in functional capacity. In relation to HRQL results, children's perception was higher than that of their parents.

Effects of physical exercise during hospitalization in children and adolescents with cancer: a systematic review / Efeitos do exercício físico durante a hospitalização em crianças e adolescentes com câncer: uma revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the effects of exercise programs during hospitalization on children and adolescents with cancer. Data source: This is a systematic review, carried out in PubMed/ Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). We selected studies that included children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer (solid or hematologic) and submitted to exercise protocols during hospitalization. Studies involving patients with other pathologies or with a medical contraindication for exercise were excluded. We used the following search strategy: Neoplasm OR Leukemia OR Cancer OR Tumor OR Medical Oncology AND Hospitalization OR Inpatient Care Units OR Intrahospital AND Exercise. The methodological quality of the studies was analyzed by the PEDro scale. Data synthesis: Among the 626 articles found, only 9 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, obtaining a regular methodological quality. The samples had 172 participants, aged 4 to 18 years. Only 6 studies presented both intervention group and control group. The intervention group received strength, aerobic, and muscle stretching exercises, and games, among others. The control group received the standard treatment. The studies varied regarding time, frequency, intensity, and type of exercise. Most studies showed an increase in muscle strength (4/5), followed by an improvement in physical fitness (2/3) and functional capacity (2/4). No adverse events were reported during the interventions. The methodological quality was considered regular. Conclusions: The findings suggest that. during hospitalization of children and adolescents with cancer, exercise improves muscle strength, physical fitness, and functionality.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os efeitos de programas de exercício físico durante a hospitalização de crianças e adolescentes com câncer. Fontes de dados: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, realizada nas bases de dados PubMed/Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médica (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Regional de Medicina (BIREME) e Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Foram selecionados estudos que incluíram crianças e adolescentes com câncer (sólido ou hematológico) que se submeteram a protocolos de exercício físico durante a hospitalização. Em contrapartida, foram excluídas pesquisas que envolveram pacientes com outras patologias ou com contraindicação médica para o exercício físico. Utilizou-se a seguinte estratégia de busca: Neoplasm OR Leukemia OR Cancer OR Tumor OR Medical Oncology AND Hospitalization OR Inpatient Care Units OR Intrahospital AND Exercise. A qualidade metodológica foi analisada pela escala PEDro. Síntese dos dados: De um total de 626 artigos, somente nove foram incluídos. As amostras totalizaram 172 participantes, com idade entre 4 e 18 anos. Apenas seis artigos apresentaram tanto grupo intervenção como grupo controle. A intervenção consistiu em exercícios de força, aeróbicos, de alongamento muscular, de jogos, entre outros. Já o controle realizou o tratamento padrão da doença. Os protocolos variaram quanto ao tempo, à frequência, à intensidade e ao tipo de exercício. A maioria dos estudos evidenciou aumento na força muscular (4/5), seguido de benefícios na aptidão física (2/3) e na funcionalidade (2/4). Não foi relatado nenhum evento adverso durante as intervenções. A qualidade metodológica foi considerada regular. Conclusões: Os achados sugerem que o exercício físico melhora a força muscular, a aptidão física e a funcionalidade de crianças e adolescentes com câncer durante a hospitalização.

EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE DURING HOSPITALIZATION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the effects of exercise programs during hospitalization on children and adolescents with cancer. DATA SOURCE: This is a systematic review, carried out in PubMed/ Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). We selected studies that included children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer (solid or hematologic) and submitted to exercise protocols during hospitalization. Studies involving patients with other pathologies or with a medical contraindication for exercise were excluded. We used the following search strategy: Neoplasm OR Leukemia OR Cancer OR Tumor OR Medical Oncology AND Hospitalization OR Inpatient Care Units OR Intrahospital AND Exercise. The methodological quality of the studies was analyzed by the PEDro scale. DATA SYNTHESIS: Among the 626 articles found, only 9 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, obtaining a regular methodological quality. The samples had 172 participants, aged 4 to 18 years. Only 6 studies presented both intervention group and control group. The intervention group received strength, aerobic, and muscle stretching exercises, and games, among others. The control group received the standard treatment. The studies varied regarding time, frequency, intensity, and type of exercise. Most studies showed an increase in muscle strength (4/5), followed by an improvement in physical fitness (2/3) and functional capacity (2/4). No adverse events were reported during the interventions. The methodological quality was considered regular. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that. during hospitalization of children and adolescents with cancer, exercise improves muscle strength, physical fitness, and functionality.

Comparação das variáveis fisiológicas no teste de caminhada de seis minutos e no teste da escada em portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica / Comparison of the physiological variables in the six-minute walk test and stair-climbing test in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

INTRODUÇÃO: A intolerância ao exercício prejudica a realização das atividades de vida diária em portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) e a avaliação dessa limitação é fundamental. Objetivo: Comparar o teste de caminhada dos seis minutos (TC6') com o teste da escada (TE) em portadores de DPOC. MÉTODOS: Prospectivo composto por 21 pacientes portadores de DPOC avaliados para um programa de reabilitação pulmonar que realizaram o TC6' e o TE. As variáveis fisiológicas frequência cardíaca (FC) e saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2), além da escala de Borg modificada, foram aferidas antes e após cada teste. A distância percorrida era medida ao término de ambos os testes. RESULTADOS: Comparando os momentos (inicial versus final) das variáveis fisiológicas de ambos os testes, foi observado no TC6' (FC 81,1 ± 2,6 versus 98,4 ± 4,4; SpO2 94,9 ± 2,2 versus 90,4 ± 5,0; PSE Borg 0,5 ± 0,8 versus 3,6 ± 2,5) e no TE (FC 86,9 ± 18,8 versus 119,3 ± 14,5; SpO2 94,7 ± 2,5 versus 90,1 ± 4,5; PSE Borg 0,2 ± 0,4 versus 7,0 ± 2,3), sendo que todas as variações foram estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,001) em ambos os testes. Quando avaliada a alteração das variáveis em ambos os testes, verificou-se que a SpO2 obteve redução semelhante (p = 0,912), a FC aumentou significativamente mais no TE (p = 0,006), bem como a PSE Borg (p < 0,001). Em relação à distância percorrida, o TC6' permitiu que os participantes percorressem uma distância significativamente maior do que o TE (404m versus 153m; p < 0,001) CONCLUSÃO: Ambos os testes promoveram alterações fisiológicas significativas. Apesar de o TE representar uma distância significativamente menor, a sobrecarga, bem como a percepção de trabalho, foi significativamente maior.

INTRODUCTION: Exercise intolerance interposes daily life activities in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD); hence, the evaluation of this functional limitation becomes fundamental. Objective: To compare the six-minute walk test (HR6peak) with the stair-climbing test (SCT) in patients with COPD. METHODS: prospective analysis of twenty-one patients with COPD who were part of the - Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program - (PRP). Patients were evaluated from July to October, 2008 when they performed the HR6peak and ET, analyzing the variables physiological (HR, PSO2), and the modified Borg scale before and after each test. The distance was measured at the end of the tests. RESULTS: Comparing the timing (early versus late) of physiological and subjective perception of exertion (RPE) from Borg, we can observe that all changes were statistically significant (p <0.001) tests. However, when the physiological changes were compared, the PSO2 obtained presented similar reduction (p = 0.912) in both tests, the HR increased significantly in ET (p = 0.006) and on Borg RPE (p <0.001). Regarding the walking distance performed, the HR6peak (p <0.001), allowed participants to advance to a distance significantly longer than the ET. CONCLUSION: the tests expressed important physiological and subjective perception of effort (RPE) from Borg (p <0.001).

Avaliação da qualidade de vida de pacientes cardiopatas internados em um hospital público / Evaluation of quality of life in patients with heart disease hospitalized in a public hospital

As doenças cardiovasculares representam na atualidade um desafio para a medicina, sendo amplamente discutidas no campo da saúde, principalmente pelos altos índices de óbitos e internações por essas doenças, bem como pelo comprometimento na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a QV de pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares internados em um hospital público. Métodos: Delineou-se como um estudo de uma série de casos, com amostra consecutiva, constituída de 28 colaboradores. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado para avaliar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico e o questionário Short-form 36(SF36). Resultados: A amostra foi caracterizada por pacientes cardíacos idosos do gênero masculino, com média de idade de 62,14 anos. A doença que mais causou internação foi a insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. Entre os medicamentos mais utilizados, o captopril foi o destaque, e o sedentarismo foi o principal fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doença cardíaca. Ao analisar o SF36, verificou-se que entre os domínios o que apresentou valor maior foi o estado geral de saúde e o que apresentou menores valores foi a limitação por aspectos físicos. Conclusões: Concluiu-se que entre o grupo estudado a QV foi identificada como baixa, reproduzindo o fato que, neste grupo, a doença cardíaca traz comprometimentos.

Cardiovascular diseases are currently a challenge for medicine and widely discussed in the health field, primarily because of the high rates of death and hospitalizations due to these diseases, but also because of the commitment to patients’ quality of life (QOL). The study aimed to evaluate the QOL of patients with heart disease admitted to a public hospital. Methods: This was designed as a study of a series of cases, with a consecutive sample comprising 28 patients. We applied a semi-structured questionnaire, to assess the socio-demographic and clinical profile, and also questionnaire Short-form36 (SF36). Results: The sample was characterized by aged cardiac male patients with a mean age of 62.14 years. Congestive heart failure was the most frequent reason for hospitalization. Captopril stood out among the most widely used drugs, and sedentary lifestyle was the main risk factor for developing heart disease. An analysis of SF36 showed that general state of health had the greatest value among domains, and limitations by physical aspects had the lowest values. Conclusions: We concluded that QOL was low in the studied group, reproducing the fact that heart disease in this population brings impairments.

Análise dos resultados de um programa de reabilitação pulmonar em portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica / Analysis of results of a pulmonary rehabilitation program in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Introdução: A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) é uma doença caracterizada por alterações estruturais no parênquima pulmonar, cursando com manifestações sistêmicas. Como forma de tratamento, é indicado Programa de Reabilitação Pulmonar (PRP). O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar os resultados de um PRP para portadores de DPOC, avaliando a capacidade de exercício, a qualidade de vida e o estado nutricional. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo tipo antes e depois, com 78 portadores de DPOC. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: Teste de Caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6), Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e Questionário de Qualidade de Vida do Hospital Saint George (QQVSG). Resultados: Os pacientes eram na maioria do sexo masculino (56,41%), com uma idade média de 63,56 ± 8,13 anos. A maioria dos pacientes foi classificada no estádio III do GOLD (38,46%). Em relação à qualidade de vida, ocorreu uma melhora clinicamente significativa, com redução de 4% em todos os domínios, conforme os resultados pré e pós-PRP, respectivamente (47,96 ± 15,78 vs 33,65 ± 13,80), no total, no domínio sintomas (46,80 ± 19,16 vs 37,06 ± 17,57), impacto (32,87± 17,26 vs18,74 ± 14,05), atividades (69,21 ± 22,48 vs 56,14 ± 20,53). O IMC não sofreu modificação (25,45 ± 4,92 vs 25,46 ± 4,80). No TC6 obteve-se uma melhora significativa na distância percorrida (375,35 ± 95,84 m vs 420,80 ± 87,92m~ p=0,001). Conclusão: O PRP resultou numa melhora clinicamente significativa da qualidade de vida e na capacidade de exercício neste grupo de pacientes portadores de DPOC

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disorder characterized by structural changes to the lung parenchyma, coursing with systemic manifestations. Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program (PRP) is indicated as a form of treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of a PRP for COPD patients by assessing their exercise capacity, quality of life, and nutritional status. Methods: A pre- and post-PRP prospective analysis of 78 patients with COPD. We analyzed the following variables: Six Minutes Walk Test (6MWT), body mass index (BMI), and Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) as a measure of the quality of life. Results: Patients were mostly males (56.41%), with mean age of 63.56 ± 8.13 years. Most patients were classified in stage III GOLD (38.46%). There was a clinically significant improvement in patients’ quality of life, with a 4% reduction in all domains, according to the results before and after PRP, respectively (47.96 ± 15.78 vs. 33.65 ± 13.80) overall, and in the symptoms (46.80 ± 19.16 vs. 37.06 ± 17.57), impact (32.87 ± 17.26 VS18, 74 ± 14.05), and activity (69.21 ± 22.48 vs 56.14 ± 20.53) domains. BMI remained unchanged (25.45 ± 4.92 vs. 25.46 ± 4.80). In the 6MWT a significant improvement in the walked distance was obtained (375.35 ± 95.84 m vs. 420.80 ± 87.92 m, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The PRP resulted in clinically significant improvement in the quality of life and exercise capacity in this group of patients with COPD