Hydrometrocolpos in an infant with urological complications: a rare case and review of literature.

Hydrometrocolpos is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by gross distension of the uterus and vagina with fluid, which may result in obstruction to the urine flow. The insertion of Foley catheter into the uterus can relieve the obstruction to the flow of urine and improve renal function. Herein we present a case of infant who was diagnosed with an abdominal mass and renal insufficiency that was managed by the placement of Foley catheter into the dilated uterus and the renal function recovered.

Primary scrotal lipoma posing a diagnostic quandary: Experience from northern Tanzania, a case report.

Primary scrotal lipoma is a rare urological diagnosis. It is usually diagnosed incidentally as most of time initial diagnosis may be confused with other common etiology of scrotal masses. A rare case of scrotal lipoma with initial misdiagnosis of hydrocele at primary health facility is presented in this article.

Cervical cancer in Northern Tanzania-What do women living with HIV know.

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is more prevalent in women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection compared to the general population. The magnitude is high among all countries burdened with HIV-Tanzania is no exception. Despite the unprecedented risk, women living with HIV (WLHIV) may not be aware of the risk and might have unfounded beliefs thereof. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, awareness, and beliefs on CC screening among WLHIV attending a clinic at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) in Northern Tanzania. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 327 WLHIV attending care and treatment clinic (CTC) at KCMC. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. Both descriptive and regression methods were used to determine CC knowledge, awareness, and beliefs as well as factors associated with knowledge of CC among WLHIV using SPSS version 23. Results: Participants' mean age was 46 ± 10.4 years. Although just half (54.7%) of WLHIV had insufficient knowledge of CC, the majority of the participants (83.5%) were able to recognize at least three risk factors, but with limited understanding of symptoms and prevention. The majority held positive beliefs on CC and screening practices. Factors associated with good knowledge of CC included being married (AOR: 3.66, 95% CI: 1.84-7.28), having used ART for at least 2 years (AOR: 4.08, 95% CI: 1.36-12.21), and having previously screened for CC (AOR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.01-2.59). Conclusion: WLHIV attending care and treatment center had insufficient knowledge about CC screening. To further improve screening and treatment for CC, at both facility and community levels, targeted awareness and education campaigns are warranted.

Penile strangulation by a metallic nut in an 8-year-old male: A rare case report of urological emergency.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Penile strangulation due to metallic objects in pediatric age groups is a rare urological emergency that warrant emergency management. Removal of metallic ring from strangulated penis poses a great challenge to urologist as it may require industrial gadgets. Multidisciplinary management involving psychiatrist is required. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported novel case of penile strangulation by a metallic nut in children in Tanzania. Furthermore, this case report shows that Industrial Manual Scissor metal (IMSMC) cutter offers a safe way of removing metallic nut from strangulated penis with few complications. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case report of penile strangulation in an 8 year-old boy by a metallic nut which stayed for 11 h prior to arriving at a tertiary hospital in Northern Tanzania. The reason for insertion of nut by a child was not clear. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: On arrival to the hospital the child was clinically stable but in pain. Local examination revealed a metallic nut at proximal penis with grossly edematous penis. A diagnosis of penile strangulation by metallic nut was reached and the child was planned for emergency surgery to remove the metallic nut. The metallic nut was successful removed by IMSMC. This technique has been used in adult with success with few complications and therefore opted in our setting. The child was also diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder. CONCLUSION: Industrial Manual Scissor Metal cutter is a safe way of managing penile strangulation by a metallic nut in children.

Virchow's node as the initial presentation of metastatic prostate cancer: a case series of a common cancer in uncommon location.

Prostate cancer is one of the commonest cancers among men contributing significantly to the overall cancer burden globally. Most patients present with lower urinary tract symptoms. Metastasis to supraclavicular lymph nodes is unusual presentation, which has been rarely reported particularly as the primary presentation. We report two rare cases of advanced prostatic adenocarcinoma presenting with firm, non-tender lump in the left supraclavicular region between the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, (that is Virchow's node) as initial primary symptom. Examination of the patients revealed an elevated prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) of > 100 ng/ml levels, and the diagnosis was confirmed by histological evaluation and immunostaining with PSA of the supraclavicular lymph nodes and prostate biopsies. This case series emphasizes the importance of considering prostate cancer in the differential diagnosis of male patients with supraclavicular lymphadenopathy.