Incremento na prática de exercícios físicos ao ar livre após o início da pandemia covid-19 entre acadêmicos de medicina / Increase in the practice of outdoor physical exercises after the beginning of the pandemic among medicine students

Introdução: A atividade física é uma ferramenta importante para a manutenção e promoção da saúde física e mental, porém, diante da pandemia instalada mundialmente pelo coronavírus e consequentemente o distanciamento social para o controle de sua disseminação, foram necessárias adaptações na prática de exercícios físicos, como sua maior realização em ambientes abertos. Objetivo: Investigar se houve incremento na prática de exercícios físicos ao ar livre após o início da pandemia entre acadêmicos de Medicina de uma faculdade do noroeste paulista. Método: Trata-se de estudo transversal descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa dos dados, realizado através de um questionário on-line. Resultados: No total, 189 estudantes participaram da pesquisa. Os resultados indicaram que 74,60% dos participantes afirmaram que se exercitaram ao ar livre neste período, sendo que 29,63% não tinham esse hábito anteriormente, além disso, a frequência dessas atividades aumentou, já que durante a pandemia, 41% dos estudantes relataram se exercitar quatro ou mais vezes por semana ao ar livre, enquanto anteriormente essa proporção era de 22,75%, sendo a principal motivação, a preocupação com a saúde mental (60,67%). Conclusão: Foram identificadas mudanças na prática de exercício físico pelos estudantes de medicina, através da realização desta ao ar livre e com aumento de sua periodicidade

Introduction: Physical activity is an important tool for maintaining and promoting physical and mental health, however, in view of the pandemic installed worldwide by the coronavirus and consequently social distancing to control its spread, adaptations were necessary in the practice of physical exercises, as his greatest achievement in open environments. Objective: To investigate whether there was an increase in outdoor physical exercise after the start of the pandemic among medical students at a college in the northwest of São Paulo. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach to the data, carried out through an online questionnaire. Results: In total, 189 students participated in the survey. The results indicated that 74.60% of the participants stated that they exercised outdoors during this period, with 29.63% not having this habit before, in addition, the frequency of these activities increased, since during the pandemic, 41% of students reported exercising four or more times a week outdoors, while previously this proportion was 22.75%, the main motivation being concern for mental health (60.67%). Conclusion: Changes were identified in the practice of physical exercise by medical students, by performing it outdoors and with increased frequency

Introducción: La actividad física es una herramienta importante para el mantenimiento y promoción de la salud física y mental, sin embargo, ante la pandemia instalada a nivel mundial por el coronavirus y consecuentemente el distanciamiento social para controlar su propagación, fueron necesarias adaptaciones en la práctica de ejercicios físicos, como su mayor logro en ambientes abiertos. Objetivo: Investigar si hubo un aumento del ejercicio físico al aire libre después del inicio de la pandemia entre los estudiantes de medicina de una facultad del noroeste de São Paulo. Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal, con abordaje cuantitativo de los datos, realizado a través de un cuestionario online. Resultados: En total, 189 estudiantes participaron en la encuesta. Los resultados indicaron que el 74,60% de los participantes manifestaron realizar ejercicio al aire libre durante este período, siendo que el 29,63% no tenían este hábito antes, además, aumentó la frecuencia de estas actividades, ya que durante la pandemia, el 41% de los estudiantes reportaron realizar ejercicio de cuatro o más veces a la semana al aire libre, mientras que antes esta proporción era del 22,75%, siendo la principal motivación la preocupación por la salud mental (60,67%). Conclusión: Se identificaron cambios en la práctica de ejercicio físico de los estudiantes de medicina, al realizarlo al aire libre y con mayor frecuencia

Comparison between transrectal palpation, B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography to assess luteal function in Holstein cattle.

Introduction: Over the years, the most common methods for monitoring reproductive health in cattle have varied from transrectal palpation to B-mode ultrasonography. Nowadays, some portable ultrasound equipment includes the Doppler mode. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of the different methods to assess corpus luteum (CL) functionality. Methods: In Experiment 1, 53 Holstein lactating cows undergoing a synchronization protocol were examined via transrectal palpation and B-mode scanning. Measurements for the largest diameter (LAD) and subjective size of CL (SCLS) were collected. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis and ROC Curves. In Experiment 2, 30 Holstein non-lactating cows with a CL were administered PGF2α and examined several times after injection, first in B-mode and then with Power Doppler. Measurements for LAD, CL area (CLA) and subjective and objective CL blood flow were collected. Blood samples were taken in both experiments to determine P4 concentration. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis and the GLM repeated measures test. Results: Results for Experiment 1 showed that LAD was more accurate than SCLS. In Experiment 2, CLA was the best measurement to assess CL function, although both subjective and objective CL blood flow offer accurate information 24 h after PGF2α administration. Discussion: Consequently, ultrasonography provides more accurate information about CL function than transrectal palpation. Although CLA seems to be an earlier indicator of luteal function than blood flow, 24 h after the onset of luteolysis, both parameters are valid.

Fitness of calves born from in vitro-produced fresh and cryopreserved embryos.

In cattle, vitrified/warmed (V/W) and frozen/thawed (F/T), in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos, differ in their physiology and survival from fresh embryos. In this study, we analyzed the effects of embryo cryopreservation techniques on the offspring. IVP embryos cultured with albumin and with or without 0.1% serum until Day 6, and thereafter in single culture without protein, were transferred to recipients on Day 7 as F/T, V/W, or fresh, resulting in N = 24, 14, and 13 calves, respectively. Calves were clinically examined at birth, and blood was analyzed before and after colostrum intake (Day 0), and subsequently on Day 15 and Day 30. On Day 0, calves from V/W and F/T embryos showed increased creatinine and capillary refill time (CRT) and reduced heartbeats. Calves from F/T embryos showed lower PCO2, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume than calves from V/W embryos while V/W embryos led to calves with increased Na+ levels. Colostrum effects did not differ between calves from fresh and cryopreserved embryos, indicating similar adaptive ability among calves. However, PCO2 did not decrease in calves from V/W embryos after colostrum intake. Serum in culture led to calves with affected (P < 0.05) temperature, CRT, HCO 3 - , base excess (BE), TCO2, creatinine, urea, and anion gap. On Day 15, the effects of embryo cryopreservation disappeared among calves. In contrast, Day 30 values were influenced by diarrhea appearance, mainly in calves from V/W embryos (i.e., lower values of TCO2, HCO 3 - , and BE; and increased glucose, anion gap, and lactate), although with no more clinical compromise than calves from fresh and F/T embryos. Diarrhea affected PCO2 and Na+ in all groups. Embryo cryopreservation, and/or culture, yield metabolically different calves, including effects on protein and acid-base metabolism.

Oclusão arterial aguda de membro inferior e avc isquêmico por êmbolo arterial em paciente com neoplasia gástrica / Acute arterial occlusion of the lower limb and ischemic stroke by arterial embolous in a patient with gastric neoplasia oclusión arterial / Aguda de miembro inferior y acv isquémico por embola arterial en paciente con neoplasia gástrica

Introdução: A embolia arterial possui como foco emboligênico de maior destaque o coração, a partir da formação de trombos intracardíacos nas câmaras atriais e ventriculares. A embolização pode atingir os membros inferiores, originando quadro de isquemia aguda, e o sistema nervoso central em que há quadro de acidente vascular cerebral em decorrência do comprometimento da perfusão cerebrovascular. Objetivo: Apresentar o caso de um paciente com oclusão arterial aguda de membro inferior e AVC isquêmico por embolia arterial associado a neoplasia gástrica. Método: Estudo tipo Relato de caso. Resultado: Após abordagem cirúrgica, evoluiu com alterações neurológicas sugestivas de AVC isquêmico, confirmadas por tomografia de crânio. Por apresentar alterações na mucosa gástrica diagnosticadas previamente, nova investigação endoscópica foi realizada com evidência de lesão gástrica infiltrativa (AU)

Introduction: Arterial embolism has as its main focus the heart, from the formation of intracardiac thrombi in the atrial and ventricular chambers. Embolization can reach the lower limbs, resulting in acute ischemia, and the central nervous system in which there is a stroke due to impairment of cerebrovascular perfusion. Objective: To present the case of a patient with acute arterial occlusion of the lower limb and ischemic stroke due to arterial embolism associated with gastric neoplasia. Method: Case report study. Result: After surgical approach, evolved with neurological changes suggestive of ischemic stroke, confirmed by skull tomography. For presenting alterations in the gastric mucosa previously diagnosed, new endoscopic investigation was performed with evidence of infiltrative gastric injury (AU)

Introducción: La embolia arterial tiene al corazón como foco embolígeno más destacado, a partir de la formación de trombos intracardíacos en las cámaras atriales y ventriculares. La embolización puede alcanzar los miembros inferiores, provocando una isquemia aguda, y el sistema nervioso central en el que se produce un ictus por compromiso de la perfusión cerebrovascular. Objetivo: Presentar el caso de un paciente con oclusión arterial aguda de miembro inferior y accidente cerebrovascular isquémico por embolismo arterial asociado a neoplasia gástrica. Método: Estudio tipo reporte de caso. Resultado: Tras abordaje quirúrgico, el paciente evolucionó con alteraciones neurológicas sugestivas de ictus isquémico, confirmadas por tomografía craneal. Debido a alteraciones en la mucosa gástrica previamente diagnosticadas, se realizó una nueva exploración endoscópica con evidencia de lesión gástrica infiltrante (AU)

Integrating data types to estimate spatial patterns of avian migration across the Western Hemisphere.

For many avian species, spatial migration patterns remain largely undescribed, especially across hemispheric extents. Recent advancements in tracking technologies and high-resolution species distribution models (i.e., eBird Status and Trends products) provide new insights into migratory bird movements and offer a promising opportunity for integrating independent data sources to describe avian migration. Here, we present a three-stage modeling framework for estimating spatial patterns of avian migration. First, we integrate tracking and band re-encounter data to quantify migratory connectivity, defined as the relative proportions of individuals migrating between breeding and nonbreeding regions. Next, we use estimated connectivity proportions along with eBird occurrence probabilities to produce probabilistic least-cost path (LCP) indices. In a final step, we use generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) both to evaluate the ability of LCP indices to accurately predict (i.e., as a covariate) observed locations derived from tracking and band re-encounter data sets versus pseudo-absence locations during migratory periods and to create a fully integrated (i.e., eBird occurrence, LCP, and tracking/band re-encounter data) spatial prediction index for mapping species-specific seasonal migrations. To illustrate this approach, we apply this framework to describe seasonal migrations of 12 bird species across the Western Hemisphere during pre- and postbreeding migratory periods (i.e., spring and fall, respectively). We found that including LCP indices with eBird occurrence in GAMMs generally improved the ability to accurately predict observed migratory locations compared to models with eBird occurrence alone. Using three performance metrics, the eBird + LCP model demonstrated equivalent or superior fit relative to the eBird-only model for 22 of 24 species-season GAMMs. In particular, the integrated index filled in spatial gaps for species with over-water movements and those that migrated over land where there were few eBird sightings and, thus, low predictive ability of eBird occurrence probabilities (e.g., Amazonian rainforest in South America). This methodology of combining individual-based seasonal movement data with temporally dynamic species distribution models provides a comprehensive approach to integrating multiple data types to describe broad-scale spatial patterns of animal movement. Further development and customization of this approach will continue to advance knowledge about the full annual cycle and conservation of migratory birds.

Pseudoaneurisma de artéria femoral comum em paciente covid19: relato de caso / Pseudoaneurysm of the common femoral artery in a covid-19 patient: case report / Pseudoaneurisma de la arteria femoral común en un paciente con covid-19: estudio de caso

Introdução: O pseudoaneurisma pode ser definido como um hematoma pulsátil resultante de uma laceração de uma artéria em que há extravasamento de sangue contido pelos tecidos circunvizinhos. Dessa forma, cria-se uma comunicação entre a artéria e uma cavidade, que receberá fluxo sistólico. As principais etiologias incluem traumas, pós procedimento, pós cirurgia vascular e infecções. Objetivo: Relatar o caso de uma paciente com pseudoaneurisma de artéria femoral, durante quadro de COVID-19. Método: Relato de caso baseado na análise de prontuário médico, exames de imagem e revisão da literatura. Relato de caso: Apresentamos uma paciente do sexo feminino, com 79 anos, com diagnóstico de pseudoaneurisma em Artéria Femoral Comum após realização de cateterismo arterial e durante quadro de COVID-19. No pós operatório, paciente evoluiu com deiscência e necrose da ferida operatória. Conclusão: A escolha cirúrgica foi eficaz e relativamente segura. Uso de aparato cirúrgico específico para a paciente positiva para COVID-19 foi necessário. A evolução complicada da ferida operatória possui associação ao crescimento de bactérias multirresistentes devido à internação e ao estado geral grave pós COVID-19.(AU)

Introduction: The pseudoaneurysm can be defined as a pulsatile hematoma resulting from a laceration of an artery in which there is extravasation of blood contained by the surrounding tissues. This creates a communication between the artery and a cavity, which will receive systolic flow. The main etiologies include trauma, post-procedure, post-vascular surgery and infections. Objective: To report the case of a patient with pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery, during COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Case report based on medical record analysis, imaging tests and literature review. Case report: We present a female patient, aged 79, diagnosed with pseudoaneurysm in Common Femoral Artery after arterial catheterization and during COVID-19. In the postoperative period, the patient evolved with dehiscence and necrosis of the operative wound. Conclusion: The surgical choice was effective and relatively safe. Use of specific surgical apparatus for the patient positive for COVID-19 was necessary. The complicated evolution of the surgical wound is associated with the growth of multidrug-resistant bacteria due to hospitalization and severe general condition after COVID-19.(AU)

Introducción: El pseudoaneurisma se puede definir como un hematoma pulsátil resultante de la laceración de una arteria en la que hay extravasación de sangre contenida por los tejidos circundantes. De esta forma, se crea una comunicación entre la arteria y una cavidad, que recibirá el flujo sistólico. Las principales etiologías incluyen trauma, post-procedimiento, post-cirugía vascular e infecciones. Objetivo: Reportar el caso de un paciente con pseudoaneurisma de la arteria femoral durante la COVID-19. Método: Reporte de caso basado en análisis de historias clínicas, pruebas de imagen y revisión de la literatura. Caso clínico: Presentamos una paciente de 79 años diagnosticada de pseudoaneurisma en la arteria femoral común tras cateterismo arterial y durante la COVID-19. En el postoperatorio la paciente evolucionó con dehiscencia y necrosis de la herida quirúrgica. Conclusión: La elección quirúrgica fue efectiva y relativamente segura. Fue necesario el uso de aparato quirúrgico específico para el paciente COVID-19 positivo. La complicada evolución de la herida quirúrgica se asocia al crecimiento de bacterias multirresistentes por la hospitalización y el grave estado general tras la COVID-19.(AU)

Metabolites Secreted by Bovine Embryos In Vitro Predict Pregnancies That the Recipient Plasma Metabolome Cannot, and Vice Versa.

This work describes the use of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics as a non-invasive approach to accurately predict birth prior to embryo transfer (ET) starting from embryo culture media and plasma recipient. Metabolomics was used here as a predictive platform. Day-6 in vitro produced embryos developed singly in modified synthetic oviduct fluid culture medium (CM) drops for 24 h were vitrified as Day-7 blastocysts and transferred to recipients. Day-0 and Day-7 recipient plasma (N = 36 × 2) and CM (N = 36) were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to the quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-qTOF). Metabolites quantified in CM and plasma were analyzed as a function to predict pregnancy at Day-40, Day-62, and birth (univariate and multivariate statistics). Subsequently, a Boolean matrix (F1 score) was constructed with metabolite pairs (one from the embryo, and one from the recipient) to combine the predictive power of embryos and recipients. Validation was performed in independent cohorts of ETs analyzed. Embryos that did not reach birth released more stearic acid, capric acid, palmitic acid, and glyceryl monostearate in CM (i.e., (p < 0.05, FDR < 0.05, Receiver Operator Characteristic-area under curve (ROC-AUC) > 0.669)). Within Holstein recipients, hydrocinnamic acid, alanine, and lysine predicted birth (ROC-AUC > 0.778). Asturiana de los Valles recipients that reached birth showed lower concentrations of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, stearic acid, palmitic acid, and hippuric acid (ROC-AUC > 0.832). Embryonal capric acid and glyceryl-monostearate formed F1 scores generally >0.900, with metabolites found both to differ (e.g., hippuric acid, hydrocinnamic acid) or not (e.g., heptadecanoic acid, citric acid) with pregnancy in plasmas, as hypothesized. Efficient lipid metabolism in the embryo and the recipient can allow pregnancy to proceed. Changes in phenolics from plasma suggest that microbiota and liver metabolism influence the pregnancy establishment in cattle.

Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Primary Bovine Endometrial, Epithelial, and Stromal Cells for 3D In Vitro Tissue Models.

Efficient isolation, characterization, and culture of endometrial epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts from calf uteri collected at the slaughterhouse is key to develop useful 3D culture tissue models to investigate uterine physiology and pathology without the need of performing invasive procedures to recover tissue samples.Here we provide a detail methodology that gives consistently pure and viable populations of distinct primary bovine endometrial cells.

Efeitos da pandemia na saúde mental de acadêmicos de medicina do 1º ao 4º ano em faculdade do noroeste paulista / The effects of the pandemic on the mental health of medical academics from year 1 to year 4 at northwestern school / Efectos de la pandemia en la salud mental de académicos de medicina del 1 al 4 año en un colegio del noroeste de São Paulo

Introdução: A pandemia da COVID-19 se reproduz em diversos efeitos na população mundial, sendo um deles e de grande importância, os possíveis impactos psicológicos frente a um contexto de insegurança e imprevisibilidade. Objetivo: Investigar quais foram os efeitos da pandemia na saúde mental dos alunos de medicina do 1º ao 4º ano em uma faculdade do noroeste paulista. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado através um questionário on-line, visando identificar as possíveis mudanças na saúde mental dos alunos. Resultados: No total, 229 estudantes universitários participaram do estudo. Os resultados indicaram que 51,5% dos estudantes participantes entrevistados relataram ansiedade frequente; 40,2% ansiedade com muita frequência; 52% estresse frequente e 35,8% estresse com muita frequência. As perdas econômicas durante o período de pandemia e o consumo de substâncias psicoativas foram associados a maiores frequências de ansiedade e estresse. Os participantes relataram uma variedade de sintomas manifestados, mais frequentemente cansaço constante (80,3%), preocupação excessiva (69,9%), dificuldade para concentração (80,8%), irritação frequente (67,2%) e sensação de desgaste físico constante (72,9%). Além disso, a sobrecarga e desgaste frequentes em relação ao sistema remoto de ensino à distância foram relatados pela maioria dos estudantes (59,8%). Conclusão: Foram identificadas mudanças negativas na saúde mental da maioria dos acadêmicos em consequência de uma pandemia, manifestando sintomas de ansiedade e estresse frente às mudanças sociais impostas no período. As questões econômicas, os efeitos da quarentena na rotina diária e as mudanças acadêmicas são fatores de impacto psicológico para os estudantes.(AU)

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic reproduces itself in several effects in the world population, one of them being of great importance, the possible psychological impacts facing a context of insecurity and unpredictability. Objective: To investigate the effects of the pandemic on the mental health of medical students from the 1st to the 4th year in a college in the northwest of São Paulo. Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, conducted through an online questionnaire, aiming to identify possible changes in the students' mental health. Results: In total, 229 university students participated in the study. The results indicated that 51.5% of the participating students reported frequent anxiety; 40.2% anxiety very often; 52% frequent stress and 35.8% stress very often. Economic losses during the pandemic period and the consumption of psychoactive substances were associated with higher frequencies of anxiety and stress. Participants reported a variety of symptoms manifested, most often constant tiredness (80.3%), excessive concern (69.9%), difficulty concentrating (80.8%), frequent irritation (67.2%), and a feeling of constant physical wear (72.9%). In addition, frequent overload and wear in relation to the remote distance learning system were reported by most students (59.8%). Conclusion: Negative changes were identified in the mental health of most academics as a result of a pandemic, manifesting symptoms of anxiety and stress in the face of social changes imposed in the period. Economic issues, the effects of quarantine on daily routine and academic changes are psychological impact factors for students.(AU)

Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 se reproduce en varios efectos sobre la población mundial, uno de los cuales es de gran importancia, los posibles impactos psicológicos ante un contexto de inseguridad e imprevisibilidad. Objetivo: investigar los efectos de la cuarentena en la salud mental de estudiantes de medicina del 1º al 4º año de una facultad del noroeste de São Paulo. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, transversal con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado a través de un...(AU)

Efficient one-step direct transfer to recipients of thawed bovine embryos cultured in vitro and frozen in chemically defined medium.

Direct transfer (DT) of cryopreserved embryos to recipients facilitates on-farm application. We analyzed a new freezing/thawing (F/T) procedure for in vitro produced (IVP) embryos, integrating: 1) an ethylene-glycol based system; 2) a culture step without protein; and 3) a synthetic protein substitute (CRYO3) in cryopreservation medium. IVP embryos from abattoir ovaries were cultured in groups in BSA-containing synthetic oviduct fluid with or without 0.1% fetal calf serum (FCS) until Day-6. Morulae and early blastocysts were subsequently cultured without protein from Day-6 onwards. Day 7 and Day 8 expanded blastocysts (EXB) were subjected to F/T or vitrification/warming (V/W). Thawed and warmed EXB were cultured in vitro, and development rates, cell counts and dead cells were analyzed in surviving embryos. V/W improved survival over F/T (live and hatching rates at 2 h, 24 h and 48 h) (P < 0.0001), and FCS before Day 6 did not affect in vitro survival. After F/T, embryos had lower cell counts in the ICM, TE and total cells than after V/W. Day-7 embryos after F/T showed % apoptotic, % pycnotic and % total dead cells higher (p < 0.05) than their Day-8 counterparts, probably because F/T reduced the numbers of ICM cells within Day-8 embryos. Thereafter, Day-7 blastocysts were transferred to heifers in an experimental herd. There were no differences in birth rates with frozen (-FCS [n = 40]: 45%; +FCS [n = 14]: 28%), vitrified (-FCS [n = 47]: 53%; +FCS [n = 11]: 36%) and fresh (-FCS [n = 30]: 47%; +FCS [n = 17]: 53%) embryos. However, frozen embryos produced with FCS showed 5/9 miscarriages after Day-40. Calves born from frozen (n = 22), vitrified (n = 29) and fresh (n = 22) transfers did not differ in birth weight, gestation length and daily gain weight (P > 0.10). Subsequently, transfer of frozen embryos (n = 29) derived from oocytes collected from live, hormonally stimulated cows in experimental herd, led to pregnancy rates of 57% (heifers) and 40% (dry cows). with EXB on Day-62 Finally, embryos produced with BSA were transferred to cows in an on-field trial (frozen [n = 80]; fresh [n = 58]), with no differences in pregnancy rates (days 30-40). Pregnancy and birth rates could not be predicted from in vitro approaches. The new F/T system yields pregnancy and birth rates comparable to vitrified and fresh embryos without birth overweight. The absence of products of animal origin, defined chemical composition, and direct transfer entail sanitary, manufacturing and application advantages.

Estimating apparent survival of songbirds crossing the Gulf of Mexico during autumn migration.

Many migratory bird species are declining, and the migratory period may limit populations because of the risk in traversing large geographical features during passage. Using automated radio-telemetry, we tracked 139 Swainson's thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) departing coastal Alabama, USA and crossing the Gulf of Mexico to arrive in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico during autumn. We estimated apparent survival and examined how extrinsic (weather variables and day of year) and intrinsic (fat load, sex and age) factors influenced survival using a mark-recapture approach. We also examined how favourability of winds for crossing the Gulf varied over the past 25 years. Fat load, day of year and wind profit were important factors in predicting which individuals survived crossing the Gulf. Survival estimates varied with wind profit and fat, but generally, fat birds departing on days with favourable wind profits had an apparent survival probability of greater than 0.90, while lean individuals with no or negative wind profits had less than 0.33. The proportion of favourable nights varied within and among years, but has increased over the last 25 years. While conservation strategies cannot improve extrinsic factors, they can provide opportunities for birds to refuel before crossing large geographical features through protecting and creating high-quality stopover sites.

Fat, weather, and date affect migratory songbirds' departure decisions, routes, and time it takes to cross the Gulf of Mexico.

Approximately two thirds of migratory songbirds in eastern North America negotiate the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), where inclement weather coupled with no refueling or resting opportunities can be lethal. However, decisions made when navigating such features and their consequences remain largely unknown due to technological limitations of tracking small animals over large areas. We used automated radio telemetry to track three songbird species (Red-eyed Vireo, Swainson's Thrush, Wood Thrush) from coastal Alabama to the northern Yucatan Peninsula (YP) during fall migration. Detecting songbirds after crossing ∼1,000 km of open water allowed us to examine intrinsic (age, wing length, fat) and extrinsic (weather, date) variables shaping departure decisions, arrival at the YP, and crossing times. Large fat reserves and low humidity, indicative of beneficial synoptic weather patterns, favored southward departure across the Gulf. Individuals detected in the YP departed with large fat reserves and later in the fall with profitable winds, and flight durations (mean = 22.4 h) were positively related to wind profit. Age was not related to departure behavior, arrival, or travel time. However, vireos negotiated the GOM differently than thrushes, including different departure decisions, lower probability of detection in the YP, and longer crossing times. Defense of winter territories by thrushes but not vireos and species-specific foraging habits may explain the divergent migratory behaviors. Fat reserves appear extremely important to departure decisions and arrival in the YP. As habitat along the GOM is degraded, birds may be limited in their ability to acquire fat to cross the Gulf.

Hystopathological study of the intestinal epithelium submitted to different times of programmed ischemia and twenty four hours reperfusion.

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes in the intestinal epithelium of rats, when submitted to the ischemia of varied time and scheduled reperfusion. METHODS: For this purpose, the following groups were established six groups: control, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 minutes of ischemia and reperfusion time (24 hours). Their intestines being resected for histopathological analysis: the length and width of the villus, and mitotic index. The nonparametric test Kruskal-Wallis and multiple comparisons test were applied. RESULTS: The qualitatively the intestinal epithelium is regenerated when submitted to different ischemia, and 24 hours reperfusion time. It was observed that morphometry analyzing taking villus length and width and mitotic index as parameter, meaningful alterations were detected. CONCLUSION: The epithelium is regenerated, when subjected to different time planned of ischemia and reperfusion. It was observed: decrease the length and increase the width of the villi, when compared Group VI with I and II, and Group VI with I; increased mitotic index when compared Groups III with I. Every analysis was statistically significant.

Hystopathological study of the intestinal epithelium submitted to different times of programmed ischemia and twenty four hours reperfusion

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes in the intestinal epithelium of rats, when submitted to the ischemia of varied time and scheduled reperfusion. METHODS: For this purpose, the following groups were established six groups: control, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 minutes of ischemia and reperfusion time (24 hours). Their intestines being resected for histopathological analysis: the length and width of the villus, and mitotic index. The nonparametric test Kruskal-Wallis and multiple comparisons test were applied. RESULTS: The qualitatively the intestinal epithelium is regenerated when submitted to different ischemia, and 24 hours reperfusion time. It was observed that morphometry analyzing taking villus length and width and mitotic index as parameter, meaningful alterations were detected. CONCLUSION: The epithelium is regenerated, when subjected to different time planned of ischemia and reperfusion. It was observed: decrease the length and increase the width of the villi, when compared Group VI with I and II, and Group VI with I; increased mitotic index when compared Groups III with I. Every analysis was statistically significant.

Guía de prácticas de oftalmología / Practice guide of ophthalmology

En esta guía, se encontrarán todas las actividades que el médico general necesita para su práctica profesional, basado en la atención primaria de salud. Encontrará como tratar una gran mayoría de las enfermedades oculares más frecuentes, su referencia y contrarreferencia de acuerdo a su capacidad de tratamiento y a la complejidad de cada caso.

Cirurgia de varizes em "mutirão" - avaliação da população e dos custos / Traduzir

As varizes dos membros inferiores acometem inúmeros pacientes na fase produtiva da vida. Os sintomas mais comuns são queimação, a sensação de dor em peso e o edema.Com o objetivo de abordar uma população alvo em fase produtiva da vida com varizes primárias e sintomáticas em membros inferiores, foi realizado em nossa Instituição o tratamento cirúrgico dos pacientes em esquema de"mutirão".O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características da população submetida a cirurgia de varizes "sob esquema de mutirão", o tipo de cirurgia realizada,o período de intemação e custos do tratamento em nossa Instituição.Foram avaliados 50 pacientes, sendo que os sintomas dor em peso,queimação e edema estiveram presentes em 90 por cento, 86 por cento e 94 por cento dos casos respectivamente.Encontramos 29 veias safenas magnas dilatadas e insuficientes em 16 pacientes.Em nossos resultados encontramos a safenectomia em 16 pacientes e a fleboextração bilateral em 34. A média de intemação foi de 1,38 dias e o custo médio cirurgia foi de 113,28 reais, sendo que o repasse do Ministério da Saúde para a Instituição foi de 135,00 reais por cirurgia.Concluimos que o objetivo foi alcançado, beneficiando a população sintomática em fase produtiva da vida, e os custos repassados para Instituição foram suficientes para cobrir os gastos com a internação hospitalar...

Lesão da artéria subclávia no trauma fechado / Subclavian vascular injury in blunt trauma

Os traumatismos vasculares que acometem a artéria subclávia são pouco comuns no que se refere ao trauma fechado. Geralmente vem associados a lesões de múltiplos órgãos. Apresenta-se, a seguir, um caso de paciente jovem, masculino, vítima de acidente motociclístico. Chegou com sinais de hipovolemia na Unidade de Emergência devido a hemorragia intra abdominal e hematoma expansivo da região subclávia-axilar esquerda, necessitou de tratamento cirúrgico imediato. No relato do caso observa-se dar ênfase ao atendimento inicial realizado dentro dos princípios do ATLS (Advanced Trauma Life Support), tratamento definitivo, com laparotomia exploradora e exploração arterial subclávia esquerda, com enfoque às dificuldades e possibilidades de acesso cirúrgico

Trauma vascular iatrogênico / Iatrogenic vascular injuries

Objetivo: As lesões vasculares iatrogênicas são eventos cada vez mais frequentes na prática hospitalar diária tendo em vista o número crescente de procedimentos endo-vasculares diagnósticos e terapêuticos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as lesões vasculares iatrogênicas ocorridas no Hospital a Beneficência Portuguesa, sua morbidade e as opções terapêuticas. Casuística: Num período de seis meses houve um total de 95 complicações arteriais decorrentes de 8257 procedimentos endo-vasculares diagnósticos e terapêuticos, o que representa 1,1 por cento. As artérias dos membros superiores foram acometidas em 83 casos e as dos membros inferiores em 12 casos. Resultados: Houve necessidade de correção cirúrgica em 16 casos. Os demais foram submetidos a tratamento conservador. As complicações que exigiram cirurgia restauradora foram obstrução da artéria braquial em 12 casos, laceração em 3 casos e pseudo-aneurisma em 1 caso. Quanto aos membros inferiores, as 12 complicações tinham indicação de correção cirúrgica em função da gravidade da lesão. Somente em 8 casos a cirurgia foi factível tendo em vista a precária situação clínica dos outros quatro. Estes acabaram evoluindo para o óbito. As lesões vasculares dos membros inferiores consistiram em obstrução da artéria femoral em 9 casos, laceração em 2 casos e ruptura por cateter em l caso. Conclusões: Apesar de a iatrogenia ser muito mais frequente nos membros superiores, a morbidade das lesões arteriais dos membros inferiores foi muito mais importante já que suportam menos bem a isquemia decorrente da trombose. A correção cirúrgica deve levar em conta a situação clínica do paciente e o grau de isquemia provocado pela lesão ou seu potencial de provocar quadro hemorrágico irreversível