Resistance induction with silicon in Hass avocado plants inoculated with Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands.

Root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, is one of the main factors that limits avocado production worldwide; silicon as a defense inducer seems to be a viable strategy to integrate into the management of this disease. Hereby, the present study evaluated the induction of resistance with silicon in Hass avocado plants inoculated with P. cinnamomi, as a possible alternative to conventional agrochemical management. A potassium silicate solution (10 mL, 0.2 M expressed as SiO2) was applied by irrigation, for ten days before inoculation with P. cinnamomi in Hass avocado plants. Leaf samples were taken at 3, 24, 144, and 312 h after inoculation with the pathogen. Peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes had their highest activity 3 h after pathogen inoculation (p < .05). There was a decrease in the activity of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), in the content of total phenols, and the inhibition capacity of the DPPH● radical, between 3 h and 24 h in the plants with the inducer and inoculated with P. cinnamomi (p < .05). The results suggest a beneficial effect of silicon as a defense inducer in Hass avocado plants, manifested in the activation of enzymatic pathways related to the regulation of oxidative stress and the synthesis of structural components. Therefore, the application of silicon as a defense inducer emerges as a strategy to include in the integrated management of the disease caused by P. cinnamomi in Hass avocado.

Mortality Due to COVID-19 in Renal Transplant Recipients, Related to Variants of SARS-CoV-2 and Vaccination in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 infection in transplant patients has shown greater lethality and vaccination in this group of patients has shown less information. The objective of this study is to show the statistics in Mexico of lethality in kidney recipients infected with COVID-19 in relation to vaccination and variants of the coronavirus. METHODS: This is a bibliographic search of kidney transplant recipient patients since the start of the pandemic in Mexico to determine lethality after SARS-CoV-2 compared to the general population and in relation to patients, the 4 most important infectious peaks in the country due to identified variants, and also before and after vaccination. RESULTS: The global lethality is 26.91% from the beginning of the pandemic to April 9, 2022 in kidney recipients in Mexico (130 deaths of 483 infected kidney transplant recipients) compared to the national lethality of 5.60%. Variant B. 1.1.220 represented the highest lethality with 30.43% and the lowest lethality was Omicron with 16.41%. The lethality prior to vaccination was 30.94% and 23.46% after it. CONCLUSION: Both some variants and vaccination have influenced a lower lethality due to COVID-19 in Mexico in kidney transplant patients; It is important to consider global recommendations, such as a third or fourth dose, a combination of mRNA vaccines and vectors in order to reduce lethality in this group of patients.

An efficient route design for solid waste collection using graph theory and the algorithm of the traveling agent in dynamic programming.

In Santo Domingo de los Tsa'chilas province, Ecuador, the population grows proportionally to the territorial extension in urban and rural parishes; therefore, the conception of domestic solid waste has increased exponentially. In this context, in recent years, the distribution of routes for waste collection has not been dealt with or technically explored. The research objective is to apply the theory of graphs to the sector and use the exact method of the Travel Agent Problem (TSP) in dynamic programming to generate optimal routes by sectors. In addition to measuring the variables longitudinally, we test the researcher's hypothesis using parametric techniques for independent samples in the variable's travel time and distance between the usual route and the new route in the Río Verde parish of Santo Domingo Canton.

[The clinical use of cryopreserved human skin allografts for transplantation]. / El uso clínico de aloinjertos de piel humana criopreservados con fines de trasplante.

BACKGROUND: The biological recovery of human skin allografts is the gold standard for preservation in Skin Banks. However, there is no worldwide consensus about specific allocation criteria for preserved human skin allografts with living cells. A report is presented on the results of 5 years of experience of using human skin allografts in burned patient in the Skin and Tissue Bank at the "Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion" MATERIAL AND METHODS: The human skin allografts were obtained from multi-organ donors. processed and preserved at -80 °C for 12 months. Allocation criteria were performed according to blood type match, clinical history, and burned body surface. RESULTS: Up to now, the Skin and Tissue Bank at 'Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion" has processed and recovered 125,000 cm(2) of human skin allografts. It has performed 34 surgical implants on 21 burned patients. The average of burn body surface was 59.2%. More than two-thirds (67.7%) of recipients of skin allografts were matched of the same to type blood of the donor, and 66.6% survived after 126 days hospital stay. CONCLUSION: It is proposed to consider recipient's blood group as allocation criteria to assign tissue; and use human skin allografts on patiens affected with burns over 30% of body surface (according the "rule of the 9").

[Social medicine service of undergraduate medicine students in the Hospitalary Donation Coordination area of the Mexican Institute of Social Security]. / Integración del médico en servicio social a la coordinación hospitalaria de donación.

The cadaveric or donor-related transplant is a worldwide priority program. In Mexico, the human hospitalary resources primarily assigned to issues about donation and transplant are scarce. In our country, recent legal changes permit that undergraduate medicine students under University linking programs can be integrated in activities that guarantee a social profit, for example, the hospitalary donation coordination of the Mexican Institute of Social Security. This is a proposal with a legal framework, based in experiences of the Barcelona Provincial Hospital Clínic, that integrate undergraduate medicine students as monitors in the Hospitalary Donation Coordination area of the Mexican Institute of Social Security who are available 24 hours. During this social service stage, undergraduate medical students can benefit their community by optimizing potential for transplants via hospital organ donations.

Iniciativa para aumentar la donación de órganos y tejidos en México / Initiative to increase organ and tissue donation in Mexico

El programa de donación de órganos y tejidos con fines de trasplante debe ser fortalecido y tener como objetivo principal incrementar la donación cadavérica, suceso que elevará el número de trasplantes y como consecuencia reducirá la cantidad de personas en lista de espera. En México las bajas tasas de donación son resultado de múltiples causas y los factores a modificar son también abundantes, entre lo que sobresale la negativa al solicitar el consentimiento familiar. La Coordinación de Donación de Órganos y Tejidos con Fines de Trasplante (CODOyT) recomienda una serie de puntos a desarrollar y afinar en cada hospital así como la elaboración de proyectos a corto, mediano y largo plazo para lograr el objetivo.

The Organ and Tissue Donation Program must be strengthened to increase the number of cadaveric donors, which will raise the number of transplantations and, therefore, decrease the national recipient waiting list. There are many reasons for the low rates of donation in Mexicol, and the factors that must be modified are also abundant, being the most prominent the lack of family authorization. The Coordination for Organ and Tissues Donation and Transplantation recommends some points to be developed and refined in every hospital, as well as the making of short-medium-and longterm projects to achieve the objective.

[Obtaining corneas by donation]. / Procuración de córneas por donación.

The cadaveric donation is not a programmed event. In the critical areas where exist a potential donating patient of organs and tissues initiate a cascade of actions in which medical, legal and social aspects are involved. The Program of Obtaining-Transplant organs and tissues began in 2004 with the creation of the Department of Coordination Donation for the training of personnel to lead this process. The diffusion of strategies used in these processes is the aim of this publication, as well as to describe the current difficulties to achieve an improvement in donation according to needs.

Chemical composition of ground pearl (Eurhizococcus colombianus) cysts.

Ground pearl (Eurhizococcus colombianus) is a crop pest in Colombia, with special impact on fig, grass, rubus and tomato plants. The insect is resistant to external insecticide application because it produces a thick waxy shell that isolates it from the environment. The composition of this shell was determined by NMR and MS as a triglyceride, whose fatty acid is transformed into other products with the metamorphosis of the insect. Additionally, several enzymatic inhibitors were assayed to control the insect with negative results.

Hemofiltración arteriovenosa continua en la unidad de terapia intensiva / Continous arteriovenous hemofiltration in the intensive care unit

La insuficiencia renal aguda severa, es uno de los mayores componentes del síndrome de insuficiencia orgánica múltiple y es muy común en la UCI. Hasta hace poco, la falla renal aguda severa se trataba exclusivamente con terapias de reemplazo convencional de la función renal (hemodiálisis intermitente y/o diálisis peritoneal). El manejo de este problema con estas técnicas tiene varias limitaciones que pueden tener repercusiones negativas graves en el paciente crítico. La diálisis peritoneal por ejemplo, no permite un control adecuado de la azotemia o de la ultrafiltración, y a menudo causa pérdida de proteínas, hiperglucemia y peritonitis. La hemodiálisis intermitente se asocia a hipotensión, hipoxemia, hipoventilación, arritmias y agravamiento del edema cerebral. Recientemente, se ha introducido una amplia variedad de tratamientos continuos de reemplazo renal (TCRR), que se realizan con un circuito extracorpóreo sanguíneo y cierto tipo de hemofiltros. Estas técnicas son adecuadas como terapia substitutiva de la función renal del paciente crítico. Sus ventajas son: a) mantienen la estabilidad cardiovascular; b) el control hidroelectrolítico es fácil y flexible; c) permiten disponer de un espacio para la nutrición parenteral (sin requerir de recursos y unidades especializadas y personal experto en técnicas dialíticas). El uso de TCRR coincide con una reducción notable de la mortalidad. En este artículo se revisan las diferentes modalidades de TCRR