Executive Function and Sensory Processing in Dichotic Listening of Young Adults with Listening Difficulties.

Previous studies have suggested that varying attention demands in dichotic listening (DL) tasks might be a clinically feasible method to distinguish 'bottom-up' from 'top-down' deficits in listening. This study aims to investigate DL processing in adults with listening difficulties (LD). We assessed the performance of a listening difficulties group (LDG) (n = 24, mean age = 24, backward digit span = 4.0) and a control group (CG) (n = 25, mean age = 29.2, backward digit span = 6.4) in DL tests involving non-forced and both right and left-forced attention. The results indicated an overall significantly worse performance of LDG compared to the CG, which was greater for forced-left condition. This same result was observed when controlling for working memory (WM) variance. Both groups presented an overall right ear advantage with no difference in terms of the magnitude of advantage. These results indicate that LD presented by the LDG might be due to a combination of sensory and cognitive deficits, with emphasis on the cognitive component. However, the WM, although impaired in the LDG group, was not the main factor in segregating both groups. The role of the additional cognitive processes such as inhibitory control in LD is discussed.

The Role of Phonological, Auditory Sensory and Cognitive Skills on Word Reading Acquisition: A Cross-Linguistic Study.

Despite considerable evidence regarding the influence of orthography on reading processing, the impact of orthographic depth on reading predictors remains unclear. In addition, it also remains unknown the role of the orthography in the influence of auditory temporal processing and attention skills on word reading skills. The current study investigates the word reading predictors in a group of British and Brazilian children with typical development considering phonological, auditory sensory, short-term memory, and sustained attention skills. Rhyme and Alliteration skills predicted word reading in both groups; however, the correlation in the British group was more robust. Short-term memory was also correlated with reading in both groups; however, it was a significant word reading predictor only in the British group. The auditory sensory was not directly correlated with word reading in either group; however, it was involved with Rhyme and Alliteration performance only in the British group. Those results were discussed considering the complexity of the phonological structure and opaque orthography in English when compared to Portuguese, which indicates that the less transparent the orthography, the higher the importance of factors such as phonological awareness, short-term memory, and to some extent, auditory sensory processing skills on word reading acquisition. Those results emphasize the need to consider orthography and phonological features of a particular language when developing a reading assessment and treatments.

Auditory Processing after Early Left Hemisphere Injury: A Case Report.

Few studies have addressed the long-term outcomes of early brain injury, especially after hemorrhagic stroke. This is the first study to report a case of acquired auditory processing disorder in a 10-year-old child who had a severe left hemorrhagic cerebral infarction at 13 months of age, compromising nearly all of the left temporal lobe. This case, therefore, is an excellent and rare opportunity to investigate the presence of neural plasticity of central auditory system in a developing brain followed severe brain damage. After assuring normal functioning of the peripheral auditory system, a series of behavioral auditory processing tests was applied in dichotic and monaural listening conditions and with verbal and non-verbal stimuli. For all verbal dichotic tasks (dichotic digits, competing words, and sentences tests), good performance on the left ear, especially for Dichotic digits test (100%), and zero performance on the right ear were observed. For monaural low-redundancy tests, the patient also exhibited good performance for auditory figure-ground and time-compressed sentences tests in the left ear. In the right ear, a very poor performance was observed, but slightly better than the same in Dichotic tasks. Impaired performance was also observed in the LiSN test in terms of spatial advantage and, for the Pitch Pattern Sequence test, the only non-verbal test applied, the patient had performance within the normal range in both ears. These results are interpreted taking into consideration the anatomical location of stroke lesion and also the influence of hemispheric specialization for language on auditory processing performance.

Can speech-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response become a useful tool in clinical practice?

PURPOSE: To discuss the clinical applicability of the speech-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response (speech-evoked ABR) to help identifying auditory processing disorders. METHODS: We analyzed the records of 27 children and adolescents, aged between seven and 15, who presented abnormal speech-evoked ABR. Then, the data from the behavioral auditory processing evaluation of these individuals were surveyed. RESULTS: It was observed that, among the 27 children with abnormal speech-evoked ABR, 23 also had auditory processing disorders. Therefore, from this sample, an 85.15% probability of observing abnormal behavioral assessment of auditory processing in a child who presented abnormal speech-evoked ABR was obtained. CONCLUSION: It is argued that the speech-evoked ABR can be used in clinical practice as an important aid tool in the diagnosis of auditory processing disorder, because, in this study, an abnormal speech-evoked ABR usually represented a deficit in the results of behavioral assessment of auditory processing. Thus, it can be used to obtain information about the perception of speech sounds in children under seven years or with challenging behavioral assessment.

O Potencial Evocado Auditivo com estímulo de fala pode ser uma ferramenta útil na prática clínica? / Can speech-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response become a useful tool in clinical practice?

RESUMO Objetivo: Discutir a aplicabilidade clínica do Potencial Evocado Auditivo com Estímulo de Fala (PEATEf) no auxílio à identificação dos transtornos do processamento auditivo. Métodos : Foram selecionados os prontuários de 27 crianças e adolescentes, com idade entre sete e 15 anos, que apresentaram alteração no PEATEf. Foram levantados os dados referentes à avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo desses indivíduos. Resultados: Observou-se que das 27 crianças com PEATEf alterado, 23 também apresentaram alteração de processamento auditivo. A partir dessa amostra, foi possível apontar probabilidade de 85,15% em observar avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo alterada em uma criança que apresentou PEATEf também alterado. Conclusão: Sugere-se que o PEATEf pode ser utilizado na prática clínica como uma ferramenta importante no diagnóstico do Transtorno do Processamento Auditivo, uma vez que neste estudo uma alteração do PEATEf quase sempre representou, também, uma alteração nos resultados da avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo, portanto pode ser utilizado para obter informações acerca da percepção dos sons da fala em crianças menores de sete anos ou de difícil avaliação comportamental.

ABSTRACT Purpose : To discuss the clinical applicability of the speech-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response (speech-evoked ABR) to help identifying auditory processing disorders. Methods : We analyzed the records of 27 children and adolescents, aged between seven and 15, who presented abnormal speech-evoked ABR. Then, the data from the behavioral auditory processing evaluation of these individuals were surveyed. Results : It was observed that, among the 27 children with abnormal speech-evoked ABR, 23 also had auditory processing disorders. Therefore, from this sample, an 85.15% probability of observing abnormal behavioral assessment of auditory processing in a child who presented abnormal speech-evoked ABR was obtained. Conclusion : It is argued that the speech-evoked ABR can be used in clinical practice as an important aid tool in the diagnosis of auditory processing disorder, because, in this study, an abnormal speech-evoked ABR usually represented a deficit in the results of behavioral assessment of auditory processing. Thus, it can be used to obtain information about the perception of speech sounds in children under seven years or with challenging behavioral assessment.

Influence of memory, attention, IQ and age on auditory temporal processing tests: preliminary study.

PURPOSE: To investigate the existence of correlations between the performance of children in auditory temporal tests (Frequency Pattern and Gaps in Noise--GIN) and IQ, attention, memory and age measurements. METHOD: Fifteen typically developing individuals between the ages of 7 to 12 years and normal hearing participated in the study. Auditory temporal processing tests (GIN and Frequency Pattern), as well as a Memory test (Digit Span), Attention tests (auditory and visual modality) and intelligence tests (RAVEN test of Progressive Matrices) were applied. RESULTS: Significant and positive correlation between the Frequency Pattern test and age variable were found, which was considered good (p<0.01, 75.6%). There were no significant correlations between the GIN test and the variables tested. CONCLUSIONS: Auditory temporal skills seem to be influenced by different factors: while the performance in temporal ordering skill seems to be influenced by maturational processes, the performance in temporal resolution was not influenced by any of the aspects investigated.

Influence of memory, attention, IQ and age on auditory temporal processing tests: preliminary study / Influência da memória, atenção, QI e idade em testes de processamento auditivo temporal: estudo preliminar

PURPOSE: To investigate the existence of correlations between the performance of children in auditory temporal tests (Frequency Pattern and Gaps in Noise - GIN) and IQ, attention, memory and age measurements. METHOD: Fifteen typically developing individuals between the ages of 7 to 12 years and normal hearing participated in the study. Auditory temporal processing tests (GIN and Frequency Pattern), as well as a Memory test (Digit Span), Attention tests (auditory and visual modality) and intelligence tests (RAVEN test of Progressive Matrices) were applied. RESULTS: Significant and positive correlation between the Frequency Pattern test and age variable were found, which was considered good (p<0.01, 75.6%). There were no significant correlations between the GIN test and the variables tested. CONCLUSIONS: Auditory temporal skills seem to be influenced by different factors: while the performance in temporal ordering skill seems to be influenced by maturational processes, the performance in temporal resolution was not influenced by any of the aspects investigated. .

OBJETIVO: Investigar a existência de correlações entre o desempenho de crianças com desenvolvimento típico em testes temporais auditivos (Padrão de Frequência e Gaps in Noise - GIN) e medidas de memória, atenção, quociente intelectual e a idade. MÉTODO: Quinze participantes, com idades entre 7 e 12 anos, sem queixas envolvendo audição e desenvolvimento cognitivo, foram submetidos aos testes de processamento temporal auditivo (GIN e Padrão de Frequência), teste de Memória (Span de Dígitos), Atenção (auditiva e visual) e testes de inteligência (Matrizes Progressivas de Raven). RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas correlações significantes e positivas entre o teste Padrão de Frequência e a variável idade, sendo essa considerada boa (p<0,01, 75,6%). Não foram verificadas correlações significantes entre o teste GIN e as variáveis testadas. CONCLUSÃO: As habilidades temporais consideradas parecem ser influenciadas por diferentes fatores: enquanto a habilidade de ordenação temporal parece ser influenciada por processos maturacionais, o desempenho para a habilidade de resolução temporal não foi influenciado por nenhum dos aspectos investigados. .

Efeitos do treinamento auditivo em idosos com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve / Effects of auditory training in elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment

INTRODUÇÃO: Pesquisas demonstram a existência do Transtorno do Processamento Auditivo em indivíduos com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve. OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos de um treinamento auditivo, em indivíduos com comprometimento cognitivo leve. MÉTODOS: Participaram 25 indivíduos, com idades entre 69 e 91 anos e diagnóstico de Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve, sendo que, 10 receberam treinamento auditivo (grupo estudo), 10 receberam treinamento visual (grupo alternativo) e cinco não receberam intervenção (grupo controle). Testes cognitivos e de processamento auditivo foram aplicados antes e após os treinamentos. RESULTADOS: Apenas o grupo estudo apresentou melhora significante para todas as habilidades auditivas testadas, mas com piora do desempenho para as habilidades cognitivas. CONCLUSÃO: O treinamento auditivo foi efetivo em relação às habilidades auditivas, mas não em relação às habilidades cognitivas. (AU)

INTRODUCTION: Studies have shown the presence of an Auditory Processing Disorder in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of an auditory training in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. METHODS: Twenty-five individuals with mild cognitive impairment and ages between 69 and 91 participated in the study. They were divided into three groups: a study group (10 subjects) who underwent an auditory training; an alternative group (10 subjects) who underwent to visual training and a control group (5 subjects) who did not receive any intervention. RESULTS: After training, only the study group demonstrated better performance regarding all auditory abilities, but worse performance regarding cognitive abilities. CONCLUSION: Auditory training was effective regarding auditory abilities but not for cognitive abilities. (AU)

Associacao entre habilidades top-down e testes de processamento auditivo / Association between top-down skills and auditory processing tests

Atualmente, questiona-se de que forma habilidades top-down podem interferir no desempenho em testes de processamento auditivo. OBJETIVO: Investigar a existência de uma possível associação entre habilidades de memória, atenção e linguagem, em testes de processamento auditivo, em crianças com desenvolvimento "típico". MÉTODO: Vinte crianças (idades entre 7 e 9 anos); sem queixas relacionadas à linguagem oral e/ou escrita, comprometimento neurológico ou psicológico evidente ou atraso no desenvolvimento psicomotor. Aplicou-se a Avaliação Audiológica e do Processamento Auditivo, além dos Testes Psicofísicos (Testes de Atenção Visual e Auditiva, Teste de Memória para Dígitos e para Sílabas e Teste de Consciência Fonológica). RESULTADOS: Houve correlação "muito forte" entre Teste de Padrão de Frequência e Memória para Dígitos, correlações "fortes" entre Teste SSW (OE) e Memória para Sílabas e Teste SSW (OE) e Tarefas Fonêmicas. CONCLUSÃO: Teste de Padrão de Frequência apresentou forte correlação com a habilidade de memória de trabalho fonológica, assim como o Teste SSW com habilidades de linguagem e memória para sílabas. Destaca-se, portanto, a dificuldade em se interpretar, clinicamente, os resultados de cada teste de processamento auditivo, isoladamente, já que estes podem ser dependentes de habilidades não necessariamente relacionadas à modalidade auditiva, como a memória e a linguagem. .

Today, we are questioning how top-down skills may interfere with performance on auditory processing tests. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the existence of a possible association between memory, attention and language skills in auditory processing tests in "normal" development children. METHOD: Twenty children (ages 7 to 9 years), without complaints related to verbal and/or written language skills; without overt neurological or psychological involvement or delayed psychomotor development. We employed Hearing and auditory Processing Assessment tests in addition to psychophysical tests (visual and auditory attention tests; memory tests for digits and syllables and phonological awareness tests). RESULTS: there was a "very strong" correlation between Frequency Pattern and Memory for Digits Tests; a "strong" correlations between SSW (LE) test and Memory for Syllables, and SSW (LE) test and phonemic tasks. CONCLUSION: the Frequency Pattern Test showed a strong correlation with the phonological working memory skill; just as the SSW had with language and memory skills for syllables. It is noteworthy the difficult to clinically interpret the results of each auditory processing test alone, since these may be dependent on skills not necessarily related to the auditory modality, such as memory and language. .

Effects of different types of auditory temporal training on language skills: a systematic review.

UNLABELLED: Previous studies have investigated the effects of auditory temporal training on language disorders. Recently, the effects of new approaches, such as musical training and the use of software, have also been considered. To investigate the effects of different auditory temporal training approaches on language skills, we reviewed the available literature on musical training, the use of software and formal auditory training by searching the SciELO, MEDLINE, LILACS-BIREME and EMBASE databases. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. RESULTS: Using evidence levels I and II as the criteria, 29 of the 523 papers found were deemed relevant to one of the topics (use of software - 13 papers; formal auditory training - six papers; and musical training - 10 papers). Of the three approaches, studies that investigated the use of software and musical training had the highest levels of evidence; however, these studies also raised concerns about the hypothesized relationship between auditory temporal processing and language. Future studies are necessary to investigate the actual contribution of these three types of auditory temporal training to language skills.

Effects of different types of auditory temporal training on language skills: a systematic review

Previous studies have investigated the effects of auditory temporal training on language disorders. Recently, the effects of new approaches, such as musical training and the use of software, have also been considered. To investigate the effects of different auditory temporal training approaches on language skills, we reviewed the available literature on musical training, the use of software and formal auditory training by searching the SciELO, MEDLINE, LILACS-BIREME and EMBASE databases. Study Design: Systematic review. Results: Using evidence levels I and II as the criteria, 29 of the 523 papers found were deemed relevant to one of the topics (use of software - 13 papers; formal auditory training - six papers; and musical training - 10 papers). Of the three approaches, studies that investigated the use of software and musical training had the highest levels of evidence; however, these studies also raised concerns about the hypothesized relationship between auditory temporal processing and language. Future studies are necessary to investigate the actual contribution of these three types of auditory temporal training to language skills. .

Auditory processing in children with dyslexia: electrophysiological and behavior evaluation.

PURPOSE: To compare the performances of children with dyslexia and a control group in behavioral tests of (Central) Auditory Processing and Long Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials (P300). METHODS: Participants were 22 individuals with dyslexia (study group) and 16 individuals with typical development (control group). All individuals underwent behavioral and electrophysiological assessment of (Central) Auditory Processing (Frequency Pattern Test, Dichotic Digit Test, Speech-in-Noise Test, and P300). RESULTS: Concerning the behavioral tests, there was difference between groups for the Frequency Pattern Test and for the left ear in the Dichotic Digit Test, with worse performance observed in the study group. Considering the P300, there was difference between groups regarding amplitude and latency absolute values, but this finding was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that individuals with dyslexia present temporal auditory processing and figure-ground alterations, which was evidenced by behavioral auditory processing tests. There was no difference between the performance of both groups for the P300 test.

Association between top-down skills and auditory processing tests.

UNLABELLED: Today, we are questioning how top-down skills may interfere with performance on auditory processing tests. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the existence of a possible association between memory, attention and language skills in auditory processing tests in "normal" development children. METHOD: Twenty children (ages 7 to 9 years), without complaints related to verbal and/or written language skills; without overt neurological or psychological involvement or delayed psychomotor development. We employed Hearing and auditory Processing Assessment tests in addition to psychophysical tests (visual and auditory attention tests; memory tests for digits and syllables and phonological awareness tests). RESULTS: there was a "very strong" correlation between Frequency Pattern and Memory for Digits Tests; a "strong" correlations between SSW (LE) test and Memory for Syllables, and SSW (LE) test and phonemic tasks. CONCLUSION: the Frequency Pattern Test showed a strong correlation with the phonological working memory skill; just as the SSW had with language and memory skills for syllables. It is noteworthy the difficult to clinically interpret the results of each auditory processing test alone, since these may be dependent on skills not necessarily related to the auditory modality, such as memory and language.

Processamento auditivo (central) em crianças com dislexia: avaliação comportamental e eletrofisiológica / Auditory processing in children with dyslexia: electrophysiological and behavior evaluation

OBJETIVO: Comparar o desempenho de crianças com dislexia e grupo controle em testes de processamento auditivo e P300. MÉTODOS: Vinte e dois indivíduos com dislexia (grupo estudo) e 16 indivíduos com desenvolvimento considerado típico (grupo controle) participaram do estudo. Todos os indivíduos foram submetidos aos testes de processamento auditivo (Teste Padrão de Frequência, Dicótico de Dígitos e Fala com Ruído) e o P300. RESULTADOS: Em relação aos testes comportamentais, houve diferença para o Teste Padrão de Frequência e para a orelha esquerda no Teste Dicótico de Dígitos, sendo que o grupo estudo apresentou pior desempenho em ambos os testes. Para o P300, houve diferença entre os grupos em relação aos valores absolutos de amplitude e latência, mas esta não foi significativa. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados sugerem que crianças com dislexia apresentam alteração das habilidades auditivas de processamento temporal e figura-fundo, o que foi evidenciado por meio de testes comportamentais de processamento auditivo. Não houve diferença em relação aos desempenhos de ambos os grupos para o P300.

PURPOSE: To compare the performances of children with dyslexia and a control group in behavioral tests of (Central) Auditory Processing and Long Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials (P300). METHODS: Participants were 22 individuals with dyslexia (study group) and 16 individuals with typical development (control group). All individuals underwent behavioral and electrophysiological assessment of (Central) Auditory Processing (Frequency Pattern Test, Dichotic Digit Test, Speech-in-Noise Test, and P300). RESULTS: Concerning the behavioral tests, there was difference between groups for the Frequency Pattern Test and for the left ear in the Dichotic Digit Test, with worse performance observed in the study group. Considering the P300, there was difference between groups regarding amplitude and latency absolute values, but this finding was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that individuals with dyslexia present temporal auditory processing and figure-ground alterations, which was evidenced by behavioral auditory processing tests. There was no difference between the performance of both groups for the P300 test.

Auditory processing in children and adolescents in situations of risk and vulnerability.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Children and adolescents who live in situations of social vulnerability present a series of health problems. Nonetheless, affirmations that sensory and cognitive abnormalities are present are a matter of controversy. The aim of this study was to investigate aspects to auditory processing, through applying the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and behavioral auditory processing tests to children living on the streets, and comparison with a control group. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in the Laboratory of Auditory Processing, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo. METHODS: The auditory processing tests were applied to a group of 27 individuals, subdivided into 11 children (7 to 10 years old) and 16 adolescents (11 to 16 years old), of both sexes, in situations of social vulnerability, compared with an age-matched control group of 10 children and 11 adolescents without complaints. The BAEP test was also applied to investigate the integrity of the auditory pathway. RESULTS: For both children and adolescents, there were significant differences between the study and control groups in most of the tests applied, with significantly worse performance in the study group, except in the pediatric speech intelligibility test. Only one child had an abnormal result in the BAEP test. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the study group (children and adolescents) presented poor performance in the behavioral auditory processing tests, despite their unaltered auditory brainstem pathways, as shown by their normal results in the BAEP test.

Auditory processing in children and adolescents in situations of risk and vulnerability / Processamento auditivo em crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco e vulnerabilidade

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Children and adolescents who live in situations of social vulnerability present a series of health problems. Nonetheless, affirmations that sensory and cognitive abnormalities are present are a matter of controversy. The aim of this study was to investigate aspects to auditory processing, through applying the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and behavioral auditory processing tests to children living on the streets, and comparison with a control group. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in the Laboratory of Auditory Processing, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo. METHODS: The auditory processing tests were applied to a group of 27 individuals, subdivided into 11 children (7 to 10 years old) and 16 adolescents (11 to 16 years old), of both sexes, in situations of social vulnerability, compared with an age-matched control group of 10 children and 11 adolescents without complaints. The BAEP test was also applied to investigate the integrity of the auditory pathway. RESULTS: For both children and adolescents, there were significant differences between the study and control groups in most of the tests applied, with significantly worse performance in the study group, except in the pediatric speech intelligibility test. Only one child had an abnormal result in the BAEP test. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the study group (children and adolescents) presented poor performance in the behavioral auditory processing tests, despite their unaltered auditory brainstem pathways, as shown by their normal results in the BAEP test.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Crianças e adolescentes que vivem em situação de vulnerabilidade social apresentam uma série de problemas de saúde. Apesar disso, ainda é controversa a afirmação sobre a existência de alterações cognitivas e/ou sensoriais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar aspectos relacionados ao processamento auditivo, através da aplicação de testes de potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico (PEATE) e avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo em crianças em situação de rua, comparando a um grupo controle. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal no Laboratório de Processamento Auditivo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Os testes de processamento auditivo foram aplicados em um grupo de 27 indivíduos, subdivididos em grupos de 11 crianças (7 a 10 anos) e 16 adolescentes (11 a 16 anos) de ambos os sexos, em situação de vulnerabilidade social, e comparado a um grupo controle, formado por 21 crianças, subdivididas em grupos de 10 crianças e 11 adolescentes, pareados por idade, sem queixas. Também se aplicou os PEATE para investigação da integridade da via auditiva. RESULTADOS: Para ambas as faixas etárias, foram encontradas diferenças significantes entre grupos estudo e controle para a maioria dos testes aplicados, sendo que o grupo estudo apresentou desempenho estatisticamente pior do que o controle para todos os testes, exceto para o teste pediatric speech intelligibility. Apenas uma criança apresentou resultado alterado para os PEATE. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados demonstraram pior desempenho do grupo estudo (crianças e adolescentes) para os testes comportamentais de processamento auditivo, apesar de estes apresentarem integridade da via auditiva em nível de tronco encefálico, demonstrada pela normalidade nos resultados do PEATE.

Hearing abilities in children with dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

BACKGROUND: auditory processing and co-occurrence of pathologies. AIM: to investigate the performance of children with Dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in behavioral and auditory processing tests, comparing the results to a control group. METHOD: participants of the study were 30 children, with ages between 7 and 12 years, divided into three groups: a control group of 10 children, a study group of 10 children with dyslexia and a study group of 10 children with ADHD. All participants were submitted to the following auditory processing tests: Speech in Noise, Dichotic of Digits and Frequency Pattern. RESULTS: concerning the Speech in Noise Test, there was an interactive effect between the control group and the ADHD group (p < 0.001), with the ADHD group presenting a significantly lower performance; for the Dichotic of Digits test, there was an interactive effect between the three groups (p < 0.001), with the ADHD group presenting a lower performance, followed by the dyslexic and control groups; for the Frequency Pattern, there was a marginal effect (p = 0.056) with the ADHA group presenting a lower performance, followed by the dyslexic and control groups. CONCLUSION: the ADHD group presented a poorer performance in all tests when compared to the dyslexic and control groups. This result suggests a relationship between attention and hearing abilities.

Habilidades auditivas em crianças com dislexia e transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade / Hearing abilities in children with dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Background: auditory processing and co-occurrence of pathologies. AIM: to investigate the performance of children with Dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in behavioral and auditory processing tests, comparing the results to a control group. Method: participants of the study were 30 children, with ages between 7 and 12 years, divided into three groups: a control group of 10 children, a study group of 10 children with dyslexia and a study group of 10 children with ADHD. All participants were submitted to the following auditory processing tests: Speech in Noise, Dichotic of Digits and Frequency Pattern. Results: concerning the Speech in Noise Test, there was an interactive effect between the control group and the ADHD group (p < 0.001), with the ADHD group presenting a significantly lower performance; for the Dichotic of Digits test, there was an interactive effect between the three groups (p < 0.001), with the ADHD group presenting a lower performance, followed by the dyslexic and control groups; for the Frequency Pattern, there was a marginal effect (p = 0.056) with the ADHA group presenting a lower performance, followed by the dyslexic and control groups. Conclusion: the ADHD group presented a poorer performance in all tests when compared to the dyslexic and control groups. This result suggests a relationship between attention and hearing abilities.

Tema: processamento auditivo e comorbidades. Objetivos: investigar o desempenho de crianças com dislexia e transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) em testes comportamentais de processamento auditivo, comparando-os com grupo controle. Método: foram avaliadas 30 crianças com idades entre 7 a 12 anos, sendo 10 pertencentes ao grupo controle, 10 pertencentes ao grupo com dislexia e 10 pertencentes ao grupo com TDAH. Os testes de processamento auditivo aplicados foram: fala com ruído, dicótico de dígitos e padrão de frequência. Resultados: em relação ao teste fala com ruído, houve efeito de grupo entre TDAH e grupo controle (p < 0,001), sendo que o grupo com TDAH apresentou pior resultado; em relação ao teste dicótico de dígitos, houve efeito de grupo entre os três grupos avaliados (p < 0,001), com pior desempenho do grupo com TDAH, seguido do grupo com dislexia e grupo controle. Em relação ao Teste Padrão de Frequência, houve efeito de grupo considerado "marginal" (p = 0,056), com pior desempenho do grupo com TDAH, seguido do grupo com dislexia e grupo controle. Conclusão: grupo com TDAH apresentou pior desempenho em todos os testes aplicados, se comparado com os outros dois grupos, sugerindo uma estreita relação entre as habilidades de atenção e as habilidades de processamento auditivo avaliadas.