How Does the University Environment Relate to Student's Physical Activity Patterns in Ireland.

BACKGROUND: Identifying factors related to physical activity in university students can aid the development of health promotion interventions, but there is limited research regarding the influence of university environments. This study examined the relationship between level of provision for university environments that aim to promote physical activity and self-reported physical activity patterns of students. METHODS: An environmental audit tool was completed by universities (n = 28) on the island of Ireland to acquire information about physical activity opportunities, resources, and supports offered. Students (N = 6951; 50.7% male; 21.51 [5.55] y) completed an online survey, providing responses about their active transport and recreational physical activity behaviors. Binary logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between environmental factors that support physical activity and clustered physical activity patterns, while controlling for gender, age, and university size. RESULTS: Universities with a high provision for organizational structures and internal partnerships, indoor facilities, and sport clubs increase the odds of their students having more active physical activity patterns. Increased provision of investment and personnel was seen to have a mixed relationship with students' physical activity engagement, highlighting the need to understand where resources are needed and not just increase them. CONCLUSIONS: It is important for universities to have adequate organizational structures with internal partnerships to understand how resources can be maximized to support physical activity engagement across the whole student population. University campuses hold the potential for increasing student engagement in physical activity, and these findings can help inform campus-wide initiatives that foster active student populations for improving overall long-term health.

The impact of badmouthing of medical specialties to medical students.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the proportion of Irish medical students exposed to 'badmouthing' of different specialities and to ascertain: the degree of criticism of specialities based on the seniority of clinical or academic members of staff; if 'badmouthing' influenced student career choice in psychiatry; and attitudes of medical students towards psychiatry as a speciality and career choice. METHODS: Medical students in three Irish universities were invited to complete an online survey to determine the frequency and effect of non-constructive criticism on choice of medical specialty. The online questionnaire was distributed to Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), University of Galway (UoG) and University College Dublin (UCD) in the academic year 2020-2021. RESULTS: General practice (69%), surgery (65%) and psychiatry (50%) were the most criticised specialties. Criticism was most likely to be heard from medical students. 46% of students reported reconsidering a career in psychiatry due to criticism from junior doctors. There was a positive perception of psychiatry with 27% of respondents considering psychiatry as a first-choice specialty. CONCLUSIONS: Criticism of psychiatry by doctors, academics and student peers negatively influences students' career choice, which could be contributing to recruitment difficulties in psychiatry.

Prevalence of chronic HCV infection in EU/EEA countries in 2019 using multiparameter evidence synthesis.

Background: Epidemiological data are crucial to monitoring progress towards the 2030 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) elimination targets. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of chronic HCV infection (cHCV) in the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) countries in 2019. Methods: Multi-parameter evidence synthesis (MPES) was used to produce national estimates of cHCV defined as: π = πrecρrec + πexρex + πnonρnon; πrec, πex, and πnon represent cHCV prevalence among recent people who inject drugs (PWID), ex-PWID, and non-PWID, respectively, while ρrec, ρex, and ρnon represent the proportions of these groups in the population. Information sources included the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) national operational contact points (NCPs) and prevalence database, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction databases, and the published literature. Findings: The cHCV prevalence in 29 of 30 EU/EEA countries in 2019 was 0.50% [95% Credible Interval (CrI): 0.46%, 0.55%]. The highest cHCV prevalence was observed in the eastern EU/EEA (0.88%; 95% CrI: 0.81%, 0.94%). At least 35.76% (95% CrI: 33.07%, 38.60%) of the overall cHCV prevalence in EU/EEA countries was associated with injecting drugs. Interpretation: Using MPES and collaborating with ECDC NCPs, we estimated the prevalence of cHCV in the EU/EEA to be low. Some areas experience higher cHCV prevalence while a third of prevalent cHCV infections was attributed to PWID. Further efforts are needed to scale up prevention measures and the diagnosis and treatment of infected individuals, especially in the east of the EU/EEA and among PWID. Funding: ECDC.

Extracurricular activities: a comparative perspective among health colleges in Brazil and Ireland / Atividades extracurriculares: uma perspectiva comparativa entre faculdades de saúde no Brasil e na Irlanda

INTRODUCTION: University influences psychosocial and cognitive development of students, shaping their overview about professional career. Extracurricular activities (EAs) represent a complementary training in university context, which can enhance critical and technical skills. OBJECTIVE: Describe the profile of extracurricular activities developed in two different colleges: Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), in northern Brazil, and Waterford Institute of Technology (WIT), in Southeast Ireland, in the period from March to May 2015. METHODS: This study is characterized as descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, with a sample of 452 academics from 5 courses: Medicine, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy in UEPA (n=306) and Health Promotion and Exercise and Health Studies at WIT (n=146). Data collection was conducted through self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS: Most of students have performed extracurricular activities (80%), with greater female participation (60%). Students also believe that EAs contribute to their training (87%), and have satisfied their initial motivations (97%). The most performed activities are academic leagues, internships and scientific research in UEPA and extension activities (volunteering) and athletic associations in WIT. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the extracurricular activities most frequently performed by undergraduates from Universidade do Estado do Pará are professional internships, academic leagues and research. However, undergraduates' participation in volunteering and athletic associations predominates in Waterford Institute of Technology. Such divergences reflect social, cultural and economic issues of the respective societies, and may have an impact on professional profile.

INTRODUÇÃO: A universidade influencia o desenvolvimento psicossocial e cognitivo dos estudantes, moldando sua visão geral acerca da carreira profissional. As atividades extracurriculares (AEs) representam formação complementar no contexto universitário, aprimorando habilidades críticas e técnicas. OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil das atividades extracurriculares desenvolvidas em duas diferentes universidades: Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), no norte do Brasil, e o Waterford Institute of Technology (WIT), no sudeste da Irlanda, no período de Março a Maio de 2015. MÉTODO: O estudo caracteriza-se como descritivo, transversal e observacional, com casuística de 452 universitários de 5 cursos: Medicina, Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional na UEPA (n=306), Promoção de Saúde e Estudos de Saúde, Exercício no WIT (n=146). Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário autoaplicável. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos estudantes desenvolvia atividades extracurriculares (80%), com maior participação feminina (60%). Os estudantes acreditam que as AEs contribuem para sua formação (87%) e tiveram suas motivações iniciais satisfeitas (97%). Entre as atividades mais desenvolvidas estão ligas acadêmicas, estágios e pesquisa científica na UEPA e voluntariado e associações atléticas no WIT. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo demonstrou que as atividades extracurriculares mais frequentemente desenvolvidas pelos graduandos da Universidade do Estado do Pará são estágios profissionais, ligas acadêmicas e pesquisa, enquanto entre os graduandos do Waterford Institute of Technology predominam a participação em voluntariado e associações atléticas. Tais divergências refletem questões de ordem social, cultural e econômicas das respectivas sociedades, podendo ter impacto no perfil de profissional formado.