Mammary Paget's Disease as a Sign of Local Recurrence Two Decades Following Breast Conservation and Adjuvant Therapy for Early Stage Breast Cancer.

Reports of mammary Paget's disease (MPD) as a manifestation of breast cancer recurrence are rare. MPD presents a particular challenge when emerging more than two decades after a breast cancer treated with evidence-based therapy. There is a broad spectrum of non-malignant causes for dermatitis of the nipple during the initial presentation that may delay cancer work-up. This case highlights the MPD work-up and management in the context of a personal history of breast cancer. This unique clinical presentation emphasizes the importance of vigilant cancer surveillance for timely intervention, especially for a presumed cured cancer.

Temporary mechanical support in the peripartum patient as a bridge to postpartum recovery: A report of three cases.

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a severe complication of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). Patients with deteriorating CS often require temporary mechanical circulatory support. In PPCM, this can be used as a bridge to postpartum recovery or bridge to decision. The outcomes are unclear, especially if prolonged utilization is required. We present a case series of three patients with PPCM in deteriorating CS who were successfully supported with a ventricular assist device or veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to postpartum recovery.

Effects of Laccase and Transglutaminase on the Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Hybrid Lupin and Whey Protein Powder.

Plant-based protein is considered a sustainable protein source and has increased in demand recently. However, products containing plant-based proteins require further modification to achieve the desired functionalities akin to those present in animal protein products. This study aimed to investigate the effects of enzymes as cross-linking reagents on the physicochemical and functional properties of hybrid plant- and animal-based proteins in which lupin and whey proteins were chosen as representatives, respectively. They were hybridised through enzymatic cross-linking using two laccases (laccase R, derived from Rhus vernicifera and laccase T, derived from Trametes versicolor) and transglutaminase (TG). The cross-linking experiments were conducted by mixing aqueous solutions of lupin flour and whey protein concentrate powder in a ratio of 1:1 of protein content under the conditions of pH 7, 40 °C for 20 h and in the presence of laccase T, laccase R, or TG. The cross-linked mixtures were freeze-dried, and the powders obtained were assessed for their cross-linking pattern, colour, charge distribution (ζ-potential), particle size, thermal stability, morphology, solubility, foaming and emulsifying properties, and total amino acid content. The findings showed that cross-linking with laccase R significantly improved the protein solubility, emulsion stability and foaming ability of the mixture, whereas these functionalities were lower in the TG-treated mixture due to extensive cross-linking. Furthermore, the mixture treated with laccase T turned brownish in colour and showed a decrease in total amino acid content which could be due to the enzyme's oxidative cross-linking mechanism. Also, the occurrence of cross-linking in the lupin and whey mixture was indicated by changes in other investigated parameters such as particle size, ζ-potential, etc., as compared to the control samples. The obtained results suggested that enzymatic cross-linking, depending on the type of enzyme used, could impact the physicochemical and functional properties of hybrid plant- and animal-based proteins, potentially influencing their applications in food.

Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Some New N1-(8-fluoro-4-oxoquinolin-5-yl)amidrazones.

BACKGROUND: Hydrazonoyl chloride, accessible from the respective 5-amino-8-fluoro- 4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylate, undergoes a reaction with sec-cyclic amines to generate N1-(1- ethyl-8-fluoro-4-oxoquinolin-5-yl)amidrazone carboxylates. INTRODUCTION: A novel set of N1-(1-ethyl-8-fluoro-4-oxoquinolin-5-yl)amidrazone carboxylates (7a-h) incorporating N-piperazines or related congeners was synthesized via interaction of the hydrazonoyl chloride (6), accessible from the respective 5-amino-8-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylate, with the appropriate sec-cyclic amine. These new compounds were characterized by 1HNMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS spectral data and screened for their anticancer activities. AIMS: This study aimed at the synthesis of novel N1-( 4-oxoquinolin-5-yl)amidrazone carboxylate derivatives and investigated their potential as anticancer agents. OBJECTIVE: The reaction of hydrazonoyl chloride with the appropriate sec-cyclic amine was applied to synthesize a novel set of N1-(1-ethyl-8-fluoro-4-oxoquinolin-5- yl)amidrazone carboxylates that incorporate N piperazines. METHODS: A direct reaction of piperazines and related sec-cyclic amines with N-(4-oxoquinolin-5- yl)nitrile imine (1,3-dipole) was carried out for 8-10 h. RESULTS: The 1,3-dipole, generated in situ from its hydrazonoyl chloride precursor in the presence of trimethylamine, is suitable for the facile synthesis of N1-(1-ethyl-8-fluoro-4-oxoquinolin-5- yl)amidrazone carboxylates. CONCLUSION: This study led to the successful synthesis of novel N1-(8-fluoro-4-oxoquinolin-5- yl)amidrazones. All the examined compounds showed moderate activity with reasonable IC50 values in the micromolar range compared to Doxorubicin.

Demonstrating a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCMD) to Enhance the Monitoring and Mechanistic Understanding of Iron Carbonate Crystalline Films.

This paper reports the real time monitoring of siderite deposition, on both Au- and Fe-coated surfaces, using the changes in frequency and dissipation of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCMD). In an iron chloride solution saturated with carbon dioxide, buffered with sodium bicarbonate to pH 6.8, roughly spherical particles of siderite formed within 15 min, which subsequently deposited on the QCMD crystal surface. Imaging of the surface showed a layer formed from particles ca. < 0.5 µm in diameter. Larger particles are clearly deposited on top of the lower layer; these larger particles are >1 µm in diameter. Monitoring of the frequency clearly differentiates the formation of the lower layer from the larger crystals deposited on top at later times. The elastic moduli calculated from QCMD data showed a progressive dissipation increase; the modeling of the solid-liquid interface using a flat approximation resulted in a poor estimation of elastic and storage moduli. Rather, the impedance modeled as a viscoelastic layer in contact with a semi-infinite liquid, where a random bumpy surface with a Gaussian correlator is used, is much more accurate in determining the elastic and storage moduli as losses from the uneven interface are considered. A further step considers that the film is in fact a composite consisting of hard spherical particles of siderite with water in the vacant spaces. This is treated by considering the individual contributions of the phases to the losses measured, thereby further improving the accuracy of the description of the film and the QCMD data. Collectively, this work presents a new framework for the use of QCMD, paired with traditional approaches, to enhance the understanding of crystal deposition and film formation as well as quantify the often evolving mechanical properties.

Dasyrhynchus giganteus plerocercoids encysting in the musculature of Indian halibut (Psettodes erumei): seasonal prevalence, morpho-molecular characterization, and histopathological alterations.

This study investigated the prevalence, morphology, molecular identification, and histopathological effects of larval tapeworms (plerocercoids) infecting the skeletal muscles of the Indian halibut (Psettodes erumei) collected from the coastal waters of the Arabian Gulf. Numerous oval or round blastocysts, measuring 13-26 mm, were found embedded within the muscular tissues of the Indian halibut, rendering the fish unsuitable for human consumption. Morphological and molecular analyses identified the plerocercoids as Dasyrhynchus giganteus (family Dasyrhynchidae), with an overall prevalence of 15.4%. The seasonal prevalence was the highest in summer (14.6%), followed by spring (10.6%), winter (4.4%), and autumn (3.5%). Infection rates increased with fish size. Histopathological examination revealed fibrous connective tissue capsules surrounding the larvae, causing muscular atrophy and degenerative changes, with few inflammatory eosinophilic cells. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of the 28S rDNA gene sequences confirmed the specimens as D. giganteus, clustered closely with other sequences of D. giganteus with 100% bootstrap values. This study provided valuable insights into the parasitic infection dynamics, seasonal variation, molecular identification, and histopathological effects, highlighting the importance of monitoring fish for food safety and public health implications.

An ISHLT consensus statement on strategies to prevent and manage hemocompatibility related adverse events in patients with a durable, continuous-flow ventricular assist device.

Life expectancy of patients with a durable, continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) continues to increase. Despite significant improvements in the delivery of care for patients with these devices, hemocompatability-related adverse events (HRAEs) are still a concern and contribute to significant morbility and mortality when they occur. As such, dissemination of current best evidence and practices is of critical importance. This ISHLT Consensus Statement is a summative assessment of the current literature on prevention and management of HRAEs through optimal management of oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications, parenteral anticoagulant medications, management of patients at high risk for HRAEs and those experiencing thrombotic or bleeding events, and device management outside of antithrombotic medications. This document is intended to assist clinicians caring for patients with a CF-LVAD provide the best care possible with respect to prevention and management of these events.

Evaluation of deep-learning TSE images in clinical musculoskeletal imaging.

In this study, we compared the fat-saturated (FS) and non-FS turbo spin echo (TSE) magnetic resonance imaging knee sequences reconstructed conventionally (conventional-TSE) against a deep learning-based reconstruction of accelerated TSE (DL-TSE) scans. A total of 232 conventional-TSE and DL-TSE image pairs were acquired for comparison. For each consenting patient, one of the clinically acquired conventional-TSE proton density-weighted sequences in the sagittal or coronal planes (FS and non-FS), or in the axial plane (non-FS), was repeated using a research DL-TSE sequence. The DL-TSE reconstruction resulted in an image resolution that increased by at least 45% and scan times that were up to 52% faster compared to the conventional TSE. All images were acquired on a MAGNETOM Vida 3T scanner (Siemens Healthineers AG, Erlangen, Germany). The reporting radiologists, blinded to the acquisition time, were requested to qualitatively compare the DL-TSE against the conventional-TSE reconstructions. Despite having a faster acquisition time, the DL-TSE was rated to depict smaller structures better for 139/232 (60%) cases, equivalent for 72/232 (31%) cases and worse for 21/232 (9%) cases compared to the conventional-TSE. Overall, the radiologists preferred the DL-TSE reconstruction in 124/232 (53%) cases and stated no preference, implying equivalence, for 65/232 (28%) cases. DL-TSE reconstructions enabled faster acquisition times while enhancing spatial resolution and preserving the image contrast. From these results, the DL-TSE provided added or comparable clinical value and utility in less time. DL-TSE offers the opportunity to further reduce the overall examination time and improve patient comfort with no loss in diagnostic accuracy.

A rare hemoglobinopathy duo: Hb Adana×Hb SEA in a 1-year-old patient - a case report and a brief literature review.

Introduction and importance: Alpha thalassemia, resulting from nondeletional mutations, typically presents a more severe clinical manifestation compared to deletional mutations. Severe outcomes, such as hydrops fetalis, are associated with two specific nondeletional mutations. Therefore, DNA-based investigation is crucial for suspected carriers exhibiting subtle hematological abnormalities to facilitate proper diagnosis and effective family counseling. Case presentation: In this report, the authors describe a phenotypically normal 1-year-old girl with a rare and unique alpha-thalassemia genotype due to the presence of Hb Adana, a nondeletional alpha-chain mutation compounded with Hb SEA, an alpha-globin gene deletion. Clinical discussion: Mutations determine the clinical manifestations of alpha-thalassemia. DNA testing is recommended for suspected carriers with relatively small hematological abnormalities, for precise diagnosis and family counseling. To provide clinicians with a reference for diagnostic assessment, the authors established a genotype-phenotype correlations based on reported cases of Hb Adana following an exhaustive literature review. Being interested in determining which ethnicities and genotypes are associated with a higher risk of complications, including hydrops fetalis and transfusion dependence, the authors formalized a diagnostic evaluation guide and a guide for early screening to improve outcomes. Conclusion: Precise genetic evaluation is important for the diagnosis of alpha thalassemia. Hematologists play a critical role in managing these disorders, understanding genotype-phenotype correlations, and highlighting the significance of genetic counseling for high-risk patients. Extensive studies on these various genophenotypes are required to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of such medical conditions and advocate preventative strategies.

Early-phase amyloid PET reproduces metabolic signatures of cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease.

INTRODUCTION: Recent work suggests that amyloid beta (Aß) positron emission tomography (PET) tracer uptake shortly after injection ("early phase") reflects brain metabolism and perfusion. We assessed this modality in a predominantly amyloid-negative neurodegenerative condition, Parkinson's disease (PD), and hypothesized that early-phase 18F-florbetaben (eFBB) uptake would reproduce characteristic hypometabolism and hypoperfusion patterns associated with cognitive decline in PD. METHODS: One hundred fifteen PD patients across the spectrum of cognitive impairment underwent dual-phase Aß PET, structural and arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neuropsychological assessments. Multiple linear regression models compared eFBB uptake to cognitive performance and ASL MRI perfusion. RESULTS: Reduced eFBB uptake was associated with cognitive performance in brain regions previously linked to hypometabolism-associated cognitive decline in PD, independent of amyloid status. Furthermore, eFBB uptake correlated with cerebral perfusion across widespread regions. DISCUSSION: EFBB uptake is a potential surrogate measure for cerebral perfusion/metabolism. A dual-phase PET imaging approach may serve as a clinical tool for assessing cognitive impairment. Highlights: Images taken at amyloid beta (Aß) positron emission tomography tracer injection may reflect brain perfusion and metabolism.Parkinson's disease (PD) is a predominantly amyloid-negative condition.Early-phase florbetaben (eFBB) in PD was associated with cognitive performance.eFBB uptake reflects hypometabolism-related cognitive decline in PD.eFBB correlated with arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging measured cerebral perfusion.eFBB distinguished dementia from normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment.Findings were independent of late-phase Aß burden.Thus, eFBB may serve as a surrogate measure for brain metabolism/perfusion.

Spatiotemporal distribution, ecological risk assessment, and human health implications of currently used pesticide (CUP) residues in the surface water of Feni River, Bangladesh.

Spatiotemporal monitoring of pesticide residues in river water is urgently needed due to its negative environmental and human health consequences. The present study is to investigate the occurrence of multiclass pesticide residue in the surface water of the Feni River, Bangladesh, using an optimized salting-out assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (SALLME) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The optimized SALLME method was developed and validated following the SANTE/11312/2021 guidelines. A total of 42 water samples were collected and analyzed to understand the spatiotemporal distribution of azoxystrobin (AZ), buprofezin (BUP), carbofuran (CAR), pymetrozine (PYM), dimethoate (DMT), chlorantraniliprole (CLP), and difenoconazole (DFN). At four spike levels (n = 5) of 20, 40, 200, and 400 µg/L, the recovery percentages were satisfactory, ranging between 71.1 % and 107.0 % (RSD ≤13.8 %). The residues ranged from below the detection level (BDL) to 14.5 µg/L. The most frequently detected pesticide was DMT (100 %), followed by CLP (52.3809-57.1429), CAR (4.7619-14.2867), and PYM (4.7619-9.5238). However, AZ and BUP were below the detection limit in the analyzed samples of both seasons. Most pesticides and the highest concentrations were detected in March 2023, while the lowest concentrations were present in August 2023.Furthermore, ecological risk assessment based on the general-case scenario (RQm) and worst-case scenario (RQex) indicated a high (RQ > 1) risk to aquatic organisms, from the presence of PYM and CLP residue in river water. Human health risk via dietary exposure was estimated using the hazard quotient (HQ). Based on the detected residues, the HQ (<1) value indicated no significant health risk. This report provides the first record of pesticide residue occurrences scenario and their impact on the river environment of Bangladesh.

Efficacy of Combination Therapies for Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a hepatocellular disorder thought to be caused by an immune system that cannot tolerate autoantigens specific to hepatocytes. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of using corticosteroids (prednisolone and azathioprine) as a combination therapy in treating AIH. This study aims to synthesize and analyze existing evidence to inform clinical practices concerning the overall clinical efficacy of this treatment approach in managing AIH. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple online databases and search engines, including PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Medline, and Embase. RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis, with forest plots created for each outcome. Thirteen studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The results indicate that the combination of prednisolone and azathioprine for treating AIH leads to less recurrence and better disease control.

Occlusal Features and Temporomandibular Joint Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Understanding the correlation between temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) parameters and various occlusal features can play a significant role in diagnosing and treating occlusal problems and their potential consequences on TMD. Objectives: To investigate the relationship of occlusal features and some of the TMD parameters. Study Design and Sampling. The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 TMD patients seeking dental treatment at different dental centers in Baghdad city, aged 18-35 years. All participants underwent assessment for occlusal features, which were molar and canine classifications, overjet, posterior buccal or lingual crossbites, and overbites, and TMD parameters (muscle pain, TMJ pain, and clicking) using the Chi-square test for statistical analysis. Results: Regarding molar classification, there were strong positive correlations between subjects with TMD and having different molar classifications (class I, II, and III) bilaterally or unilaterally; furthermore, there were strong positive correlations between subjects with TMD and having different canine classifications. Moreover, there were significant correlations between subjects with increased, normal, or decreased overjet and the TMD parameters. In addition, there were weak positive correlations between TMD occurrence and buccal or lingual posterior crossbite. On the other hand, there were significant correlations between subjects with a decreased overbite and the presence of TMD parameters. Conclusion: TMD had a multifactorial background rather than dependability on a specific molar or canine classification type. There was also a correlation between overjet and TMD muscle pain, while decreased overbite was correlated to muscle and TMJ pain. Conversely, there is no vital correlation between posterior buccal or lingual crossbite occurrence and TMD parameters.

Fine excipient materials in carrier-based dry powder inhalation formulations: The interplay of particle size and concentration effects.

The contributions of fine excipient materials to drug dispersibility from carrier-based dry powder inhalation (DPI) formulations are well recognized, although they are not completely understood. To improve the understanding of these contributions, we investigated the influences of the particle size of the fine excipient materials on characteristics of carrier-based DPI formulations. We studied two particle size grades of silica microspheres, with volume median diameters of 3.31 µm and 8.14 µm, as fine excipient materials. Inhalation formulations, each composed of a lactose carrier material, one of the fine excipient materials (2.5% or 15.0% w/w), and a drug (fluticasone propionate) material (1.5% w/w) were prepared. The physical microstructure, the rheological properties, the aerosolization pattern, and the aerodynamic performance of the formulations were studied. At low concentration, the large silica microspheres had a more beneficial influence on the drug dispersibility than the small silica microspheres. At high concentration, only the small silica microspheres had a beneficial influence on the drug dispersibility. The results reveal influences of fine excipient materials on mixing mechanics. At low concentration, the fine particles improved deaggregation and distribution of the drug particles over the surfaces of the carrier particles. The large silica microspheres were associated with a greater mixing energy and a greater improvement in the drug dispersibility than the small silica microspheres. At high concentration, the large silica microspheres kneaded the drug particles onto the surfaces of the carrier particles and thus impaired the drug dispersibility. As a critical attribute of fine excipient materials in carrier-based dry powder inhalation formulations, the particle size demands robust specification setting.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Endoscopic Surveillance Studies for Detecting Dysplasia in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)is an extremely common gastrointestinal disorder that can give rise to dysplasia and colorectal cancer (CRC). There are various diagnostic methods but endoscopy has proved to be the best in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of IBD. The objective of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopy in detecting patients with IBD. A structured search strategy on PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar was used, as well as formal inclusion or exclusion, data extraction, validity assessment, and meta-analysis. RevMan 5.4 (Review Manager (RevMan) (Computer program). Version 5.4. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2020) was used for the meta-analysis, and forest plots were generated for each outcome separately. All of these studies are prospective cohorts and 11 of these are randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In IBD, both chromoendoscopy and white light endoscopy are useful in detecting dysplasia and neoplastic lesions. Furthermore, narrow-band imaging is a less time-consuming option for endoscopic surveillance. The meta-analysis also showed that chromoendoscopy is superior to other methods.

An experimental investigation of the convective heat transfer augmentation in U-bend double pipe heat exchanger using water-MgO-Cmc fluid.

One of the major problems of using nanofluids in heat exchange applications is the forming and deposition of nanoparticles on the inner surface of the heat exchanger. In this paper, Water-Cmc fluid is used as a surfactant for nanoparticles to prevent deposition and congregation. The pressure drops and heat transfer in U-bend double pipe heat exchanger based on water-MgO-Cmc fluid, are examined. Nanoparticles of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Cmc) are used with pure water as a base fluid. The experimental rig and procedures are designed to facilitate various operational conditions such as flow rate, volume concentration of MgO particles and weight concentration of Cmc particles. Furthermore, convective heat transfer coefficient, heat exchanger effectiveness, pressure drop, friction factor, under different conditions, are measured. The results demonstrate convective heat transfer coefficient of U-bend double pipe heat exchangers is enhanced by 35% for 1 MgO vol.% and 0.2 Cmc wt.% compared to base fluid (Water-Cmc). It is concluded that pressure drops are directly proportion to the increase of MgO nanoparticles at same Cmc concentration by 23% at 0.2 wt.%. Whilst, friction factor of the system is inversely proportion to the increase of volumetric flow rate of water-MgO-Cmc fluid. An increase in MgO nanoparticle concentration increases the friction factor, hence maximum friction factor enhancement by 38% for MgO concentration of 1 vol.%. The effectiveness of heat exchanger is slightly increased by 8% with increase of MgO concentration and flow rate. Finally, thermo-physical characteristics of water-MgO-Cmc fluid at various temperatures, are measured.

Performance of ginger constituents against SARS-CoV-2 virus: A therapeutic and theoretical approach.

In the present research, ginger extracted compounds, namely; Gingerol {(1-[4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-3-decanone} (1), Zingerone {(4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone)} (2), and Shogoals {(E)-1-(4-Hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl) dec-4-en-3-one)} (3) have been investigated as SARS-Cov-2 inhibitors. The interaction of extracted compounds with the virus's spikes may restrict the virus's reproduction or give time to the body's immune system to detect viruses, consequently producing appropriate antibodies. Gaussian 09 with a 6-311G (d, p) basis set, UCA FUKUI, MGL implement, DSV, and LigPlus software were utilized. The active sites for adsorption were identified using the total electron density (TED), FUKUI function, and Millikan charges. Furthermore, docking analysis clearly showed that the inhibition of viral replication depends on binding energy (Eb) and ligand efficiency (LE). A docking study revealed that the inhibition ability of the studied compounds on SARS-CoV-2 was in the order of 2 > 3 > 1.

Leveraging radiomics and machine learning to differentiate radiation necrosis from recurrence in patients with brain metastases.

OBJECTIVE: Radiation necrosis (RN) can be difficult to radiographically discern from tumor progression after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The objective of this study was to investigate the utility of radiomics and machine learning (ML) to differentiate RN from recurrence in patients with brain metastases treated with SRS. METHODS: Patients with brain metastases treated with SRS who developed either RN or tumor reccurence were retrospectively identified. Image preprocessing and radiomic feature extraction were performed using ANTsPy and PyRadiomics, yielding 105 features from MRI T1-weighted post-contrast (T1c), T2, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. Univariate analysis assessed significance of individual features. Multivariable analysis employed various classifiers on features identified as most discriminative through feature selection. ML models were evaluated through cross-validation, selecting the best model based on area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Specificity, sensitivity, and F1 score were computed. RESULTS: Sixty-six lesions from 55 patients were identified. On univariate analysis, 27 features from the T1c sequence were statistically significant, while no features were significant from the T2 or FLAIR sequences. For clinical variables, only immunotherapy use after SRS was significant. Multivariable analysis of features from the T1c sequence yielded an AUC of 76.2% (standard deviation [SD] ± 12.7%), with specificity and sensitivity of 75.5% (± 13.4%) and 62.3% (± 19.6%) in differentiating radionecrosis from recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Radiomics with ML may assist the diagnostic ability of distinguishing RN from tumor recurrence after SRS. Further work is needed to validate this in a larger multi-institutional cohort and prospectively evaluate it's utility in patient care.

Echinacea purpurea root extract mitigates hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, and ultrastructural changes induced by hexavalent chromium via oxidative stress suppression.

Environmental and occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium (CrVI) is mostly renowned as a possible hepatotoxic in mammals. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, a phenolic-rich plant, is recurrently used for its therapeutic properties. Therefore, this investigation was done to explore whether E. purpurea (EP) root extract would have any potential health benefits against an acute dose of CrVI-induced oxidative damage and hepatotoxicity. Results revealed that GC-MS analysis of EP root extract has 26 identified components with a significant amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Twenty-four Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, EP (50 mg/kg BW/day for 21 days), CrVI (15 mg/kg BW as a single intraperitoneal dosage), and EP + CrVI, respectively. Rats treated with CrVI displayed a remarkable rise in oxidative stress markers (TBARS, H2O2, PCC), bilirubin, and lactate dehydrogenase activity, and a marked decrease in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase activities, and serum protein level. Also, CrVI administration induced apoptosis and inflammation in addition to histological and ultrastructural abnormalities in the liver tissue. The examined parameters were improved significantly in rats pretreated with EP and then intoxicated with CrVI. Conclusively, EP had a potent antioxidant activity and could be used in the modulation of CrVI-induced hepatotoxicity.