[Interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction in women]. / Variabilidad interobservador en el diagnóstico de obstrucción del tracto de salida vesical en mujeres.

Background: The diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in women is a challenge for functional urology. In Mexico there are few data that report the prevalence of OTSV in women, being up to 24% in a group of patients. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare six different definitions of bladder outlet obstruction and evaluate the interobserver agreement in an educational setting. Material and Methods: Urodynamic studies (UDS) of women with and without diagnosis of BOO were retrospectively assesed. Farrar, Chassagne, Lemack, Defreitas, Blavais and Groutz, Solomon-Greenwell definitions were evaluated. All UDS were independently reviewed by 5 observers. The easiest, the hardest and the fastest were chosen. Interobserver agreement to classify the patients as obstructed was assessed by kappa reliability statistical analysis. We classified the type of mistakes the participants made; error of interpretation and miscalculation. Results: A total of 28 urodynamic studies were reviewed. All observers had a substantial agreement (0.64-0.78) to classify BOO using all but Lemack and Solomon-Greenwell definitions. A total 120 errors from 840 responses were found; 45.8% errors of interpretation of UDS and 54.1% miscalculation of the equation. Finally, all the participants chose the Solomon-Greenwell was the most difficult definition. Conclusion: Chassagne, Defreitas and Farrar definitions proved substantial interobserver agreement. Solomon-Greenwell and Lemack´s definitions had the highest number of pitfalls and the lowest level of agreement.

Introducción: el diagnóstico de obstrucción de tracto de salida vesical (OTSV) en mujeres supone un reto para la urología funcional. En México existen pocos datos que reporten la prevalencia de OTSV en mujeres, siendo de hasta el 24% en un grupo de pacientes. Objetivo: comparar seis definiciones diferentes de obstrucción de tracto de salida vesical (OTSV) en mujeres y evaluar la concordancia entre observadores en un entorno educativo. Material y métodos: evaluación retrospectiva de estudios urodinámicos de mujeres con y sin diagnóstico de OTSV. Se evaluaron las definiciones de Farrar, Chassagne, Lemack, Defreitas, Blavais y Groutz y Solomon-Greenwell. A todos los participantes se les brindó un taller teórico-práctico para analizar los estudios urodinámicos en su fase de flujo-presión y diagnosticar la OTSV. Los estudios urodinámicos fueron revisados de forma independiente por cinco observadores. La concordancia interobservador para clasificar a los pacientes como obstruidos se evaluó mediante análisis estadístico de confiabilidad kappa. Se clasificó el tipo de errores que cometieron los participantes, error de interpretación de estudios urodinámicos y error de cálculo en los criterios. Resultados: se revisaron en total 28 estudios urodinámicos. Todos los observadores tuvieron una concordancia buena de (0.64-0.78) para clasificar OTSV usando todas las definiciones excepto las de Lemack y Solomon-Greenwell. Se encontraron un total de 120 errores de 840 respuestas, 45.8% errores de interpretación y 54.1% error de cálculo de la ecuación. Los participantes eligieron la definición de Solomon-Greenwell, la más difícil. Conclusión: las definiciones de Chassagne, Defreitas y Farrar demostraron una concordancia sustancial entre observadores. Las definiciones de Solomon-Greenwell y Lemack tuvieron el mayor grado de dificultad y el menor nivel de acuerdo.

Abatacept, Cenicriviroc, or Infliximab for Treatment of Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Immune dysregulation contributes to poorer outcomes in COVID-19. Objective: To investigate whether abatacept, cenicriviroc, or infliximab provides benefit when added to standard care for COVID-19 pneumonia. Design, Setting, and Participants: Randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial using a master protocol to investigate immunomodulators added to standard care for treatment of participants hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. The results of 3 substudies are reported from 95 hospitals at 85 clinical research sites in the US and Latin America. Hospitalized patients 18 years or older with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 14 days and evidence of pulmonary involvement underwent randomization between October 2020 and December 2021. Interventions: Single infusion of abatacept (10 mg/kg; maximum dose, 1000 mg) or infliximab (5 mg/kg) or a 28-day oral course of cenicriviroc (300-mg loading dose followed by 150 mg twice per day). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was time to recovery by day 28 evaluated using an 8-point ordinal scale (higher scores indicate better health). Recovery was defined as the first day the participant scored at least 6 on the ordinal scale. Results: Of the 1971 participants randomized across the 3 substudies, the mean (SD) age was 54.8 (14.6) years and 1218 (61.8%) were men. The primary end point of time to recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia was not significantly different for abatacept (recovery rate ratio [RRR], 1.12 [95% CI, 0.98-1.28]; P = .09), cenicriviroc (RRR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.86-1.18]; P = .94), or infliximab (RRR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.99-1.28]; P = .08) compared with placebo. All-cause 28-day mortality was 11.0% for abatacept vs 15.1% for placebo (odds ratio [OR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.41-0.94]), 13.8% for cenicriviroc vs 11.9% for placebo (OR, 1.18 [95% CI 0.72-1.94]), and 10.1% for infliximab vs 14.5% for placebo (OR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.39-0.90]). Safety outcomes were comparable between active treatment and placebo, including secondary infections, in all 3 substudies. Conclusions and Relevance: Time to recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia among hospitalized participants was not significantly different for abatacept, cenicriviroc, or infliximab vs placebo. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04593940.

Abatacept for Treatment of Adults Hospitalized with Moderate or Severe Covid-19.

Background: We investigated whether abatacept, a selective costimulation modulator, provides additional benefit when added to standard-of-care for patients hospitalized with Covid-19. Methods: We conducted a master protocol to investigate immunomodulators for potential benefit treating patients hospitalized with Covid-19 and report results for abatacept. Intravenous abatacept (one-time dose 10 mg/kg, maximum dose 1000 mg) plus standard of care (SOC) was compared with shared placebo plus SOC. Primary outcome was time-to-recovery by day 28. Key secondary endpoints included 28-day mortality. Results: Between October 16, 2020 and December 31, 2021, a total of 1019 participants received study treatment (509 abatacept; 510 shared placebo), constituting the modified intention-to-treat cohort. Participants had a mean age 54.8 (SD 14.6) years, 60.5% were male, 44.2% Hispanic/Latino and 13.7% Black. No statistically significant difference for the primary endpoint of time-to-recovery was found with a recovery-rate-ratio of 1.14 (95% CI 1.00-1.29; p=0.057) compared with placebo. We observed a substantial improvement in 28-day all-cause mortality with abatacept versus placebo (11.0% vs. 15.1%; odds ratio [OR] 0.62 [95% CI 0.41- 0.94]), leading to 38% lower odds of dying. Improvement in mortality occurred for participants requiring oxygen/noninvasive ventilation at randomization. Subgroup analysis identified the strongest effect in those with baseline C-reactive protein >75mg/L. We found no statistically significant differences in adverse events, with safety composite index slightly favoring abatacept. Rates of secondary infections were similar (16.1% for abatacept; 14.3% for placebo). Conclusions: Addition of single-dose intravenous abatacept to standard-of-care demonstrated no statistically significant change in time-to-recovery, but improved 28-day mortality. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT04593940 ).

An Exceptional Case of Light Chain Only Variant of Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposits Secondary to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

We present the case of an 86-year-old Caucasian male with an 11-year history of low-grade chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) presenting with nephrotic syndrome (NS). Renal biopsy findings showed a diffuse mesangial and endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) lesion with fine granular deposits, consistent with a rare morphologic variant of proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits (PGNMID)-lambda light chain (LC) only. Monthly combination therapy of rituximab (500 mg/m2 on day 1), fludarabine (30 mg/m2 on days 1-3), and cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2 on days 1-3) was administered. Five courses of this regimen resulted in hematological remission, as well as a partial renal response with a reduction in the spot urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) of 815.3 mg/g (reduction > 50% proteinuria without improvement in kidney function). This condition is a rare morphological variant of PGNMID, poorly described in CLL patients. We review the literature and suggest that this case provides sheds light on the unknown pathophysiological mechanisms of monoclonal immunoglobulins (MIg)-mediated glomerular damage in CLL patients, and may be helpful for the investigation of a more effective treatment.

Factors interfering screening for gynecological cancers in peruvian women / Factores que interfieren los cribados para cánceres ginecológicos en mujeres peruanas

Objective: To identify the factors associated with the interference of gynecological cancer screening in women aged 25-69 years, according to the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) for the years 2019 and 2020. Materials and methods: Quantitative, observational, analytical cross- sectional study. It was a secondary database analysis obtained by ENDE for the years 2019 and 2020. Generalized linear Poisson family crude and adjusted models were used to estimate the association. The measure of association. The measure of association used was the adjusted prevalence ratio (Rpa) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: We worked with a total of 18,113 women aged 25-69 who were interviewed at the ENDES 2019-2020. In the descriptive analysis, it is observed that 19.3% did not take a PAP smear (PAP) and 53.6% did not perform "screening for breast cancer". Women with a primary education level have 19% and 58% more opportunities to present interference for taking PAP and screening for breast cancer respectively (RPa: 1,19, 95% CI 1.08-1,31 and RPa:1.58, 95% CI 1:51 ­ 1:64). Living in the jungle increases 56%and 20%more chance of presenting interference for taking PAP and screening for breast cancer respectively (RPa: 1.46, 95% CI 1.42-1.71 and RPa: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.15- 1.25). The level of knowledge increases the interference for taking PAP and screening for breast cancer by 43% and 3% respectively (RPa: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.34- 1.54 and RPa: 1.03, 95% CI:1.00 -1.06) Conclusions: Sociodemographic, sociocultural and economic factors have a marked influence on the performance of gynecological cancers such as cervical cancer and breast cancer, so it is necessary to implement strategies to promote the prevention of these pathologies.

Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados con la interferencia de los cribados para cánceres ginecológicos en mujeres peruanas de 25 ­ 69 años de edad, según la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES) de los años 2019 y 2020. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, observacional, analítico de corte transversal. Fue un análisis de base de datos secundaria obtenido por ENDES de los años 2019 y 2020. Se usó modelos lineales generalizados de familia Poisson crudas y ajustadas para poder estimar la asociación. La medida de asociación utilizada fue la razón de prevalencia ajustada (RPa) con un intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Se trabajó con un total de 18113 mujeres peruanas de 25-69 años entrevistadas en la ENDES 2019-2020. En el análisis descriptivo se observa que un 19,3% no se realizó la toma de Papanicolaou (PAP) y 53,6 no se realizó "cribado para cáncer de mama". Las mujeres con nivel educativo primario tienen 20% y 58% más oportunidades de presentar interferencia para la toma de PAP y cribado para cáncer de mama respectivamente (RPa: 1.20, IC95%: 1.09-1.32 y RPa: 1.58, IC95%: 1.52-1.65). Vivir en la selva aumenta en 57% y 20% más oportunidades de presentar interferencia para la toma de PAP y cribado para cáncer de mama respectivamente (RPa: 1.57, IC95%: 1.43-1.71 y RPa: 1.20, IC95%: 1.15-1.25). El nivel de conocimiento aumenta en un 44% y 4% la interferencia para la toma de PAP y cribado para cáncer de mama respectivamente (RPa: 1.44, IC95%: 1.34-1.54 y RPa: 1.04, IC95%: 1.01-1.07). Conclusión: Los factores sociodemográficos, socioculturales y económicos influyen de manera marcada en la realización de los cribados de cánceres ginecológicos como el cáncer de cuellouterino y el cáncer de mama, por lo que es necesario implementar estrategias para promover la prevención de estas patologías.

Infliximab for Treatment of Adults Hospitalized with Moderate or Severe Covid-19.

Background: Immune dysregulation contributes to poorer outcomes in severe Covid-19. Immunomodulators targeting various pathways have improved outcomes. We investigated whether infliximab provides benefit over standard of care. Methods: We conducted a master protocol investigating immunomodulators for potential benefit in treatment of participants hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia. We report results for infliximab (single dose infusion) versus shared placebo both with standard of care. Primary outcome was time to recovery by day 29 (28 days after randomization). Key secondary endpoints included 14-day clinical status and 28-day mortality. Results: A total of 1033 participants received study drug (517 infliximab, 516 placebo). Mean age was 54.8 years, 60.3% were male, 48.6% Hispanic or Latino, and 14% Black. No statistically significant difference in the primary endpoint was seen with infliximab compared with placebo (recovery rate ratio 1.13, 95% CI 0.99-1.29; p=0.063). Median (IQR) time to recovery was 8 days (7, 9) for infliximab and 9 days (8, 10) for placebo. Participants assigned to infliximab were more likely to have an improved clinical status at day 14 (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.05-1.66). Twenty-eight-day mortality was 10.1% with infliximab versus 14.5% with placebo, with 41% lower odds of dying in those receiving infliximab (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.39-0.90). No differences in risk of serious adverse events including secondary infections. Conclusions: Infliximab did not demonstrate statistically significant improvement in time to recovery. It was associated with improved 14-day clinical status and substantial reduction in 28- day mortality compared with standard of care. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT04593940 ).

Diagnosis and treatment of urethral stricture in men with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction: A systematic review.

AIM: To summarize available data focused on diagnosis and management of urethral stricture in men with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction by a systematic review of the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was carried out through an extensive electronic database search performed in PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases for full texts, and International Continence Society, American Urology Association, and European Association of Urology abstracts for citations related to urethral structure. This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. RESULTS: A total of 316 articles were identified, 48 of which were selected for this review. Different strategies are currently being used for the management of urethral strictures, such as clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) which reduces stricture by up to 68%; direct vision internal urethrotomy which shows lower rates of renarrowing; urethroplasty which shows a success rate up to 70%; urinary diversion is the treatment of choice when reconstruction is not possible. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are needed in this population because of the heterogeneity of the outcomes and the lack of a standardized definition and classification of this population.

Stage I-III colon cancer patients with tumor deposits behave similarly to stage IV patients. Cross-section analysis of 392 patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tumor deposits (TDs) are associated with adverse prognostic factors and decreased survival in colorectal cancer. However, controversy exists regarding their definition, evaluation, and staging categories. This study aimed to determine the survival and recurrence impact of the TD in colon adenocarcinomas; and to determine if TD patients behave similarly to stage IV patients. METHODS: Cross-section study from 392 patients with colon adenocarcinoma from 2005 to 2012. We performed survival analysis and further stratified patients considering TD patients as a "stage IV-TD" to demonstrate if they behave similarly than stage IV patients. RESULTS: From 392 patients, 204 (52%) were men, the mean age was 57.4 ± 13.9 years and 11.5% of cases had TD. In a multivariate analysis, TD failed to predict mortality and recurrence. Considering cases with TD as stage IV-TD, their mean survival was similar to stage IV patients (69.3 and 64.6 months, respectively) and different to those in stage III (110.5 months), II (135.7 months), and I (114.9 months) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: TD failed to predict mortality and recurrence. Patients with TD in stage I-III shows similar mortality than stage IV patients; then, we suggest putting them into a substage IV category instead of the N1c category.

Sarcoma radioinducido: en el área de cabeza y cuello / Radiotherapy-induced sarcoma: in the head and neck area

El desarrollo de sarcomas durante el curso de tratamiento de una lesión maligna previa es inusual. El origen de estos tumores y los factores promotores de este son controversiales. Hay diversos reportes que afirman categóricamente la inducción de apariciones de sarcomas posterior a administración de radioterapia. Pacientes curados de una lesión maligna tienen una significativa probabilidad de desarrollar otros tumores. Numerosas han sido las publicaciones han documentado la frecuencia de segundas neoplasias malignas asociadas con radioterapia en pacientes que han sobrevivido a su tumor primario. Hay muchos ejemplos que podemos mencionar de carcinogenesis en humanos posterior a irradiación: Individuos que han sido tratados con radioterapia para espondilitis anquilosante, uso de Rayos X en pacientes embarazadas, tratamiento de tiña capitis, uso de energía nuclear en conflictos bélicos, etc. El caso que describimos es un joven con antecedente de rabdomiosarcoma alveolar en parpado inferior y diez y siete años más tarde; se presenta con leiomiosarcoma radioinducido a nivel etmoidal. Se discute su manejo y se revisa la literatura a partir de su descripción por Cahan y colegas en 1948

Tumor sólido quístico papilar del páncreas: Presentación de un caso clínico. Hospital "Dr. Luís Ortega" de Porlamar

El tumor sólido quistito papilar de páncreas, es una patología poco frecuente, con bajo grado de malignidad, que afecta fundamentalmente a mujeres jóvenes y de difícil diagnostico dada la poca especificidad de los síntomas. Se presenta en este artículo un caso clínico, y se revisa la literatura en cuanto a la presentación clínica, métodos diagnósticos y alternativas terapéuticas.

Solid-cystic-papillary tumor, this tumor appears to be rare, low degree malignant, strong female preponderance a diagnostic challenge, due to the lack or specificity of the symptoms. In this article one case is presented, and a review of the literature, focusing in the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods and therapeutic alternatives is made.

Programa de Salud. Centro de Salud Carmen Lopez Aiquile. Red de gerencia Campero IX: dic. 2004-mar. 2005 / Health Program: Health Center Carmen Lopez Aiquile. Management Network Campero IX: Dec. 2004-Mar. 2005

Este servicio social de salud rural se inicia el 1 de diciembre de 2004 al 1 de marzo de 2005 a 217 Km. de la ciudad de Cochabamba en el Municipio de Aiquile, Distrito 9 de la Provincia Campero.

Accidentes por electrocución: experiencia en la U.R.E / Accidents by electric injury: experience in R.E.U

Fueron analizados 20 niños que sufrieron accidentes eléctricos asistidos en la Unidad de Reanimación y Estabilización (U.R.E.), Departamento de Emergencia Pediátrica, Centro Hospitalario "Pereira Rossell", Montevideo, Uruguay. Dieciséis niños se accidentaron dentro del hogar y cuatro en la vía pública. El 80 por ciento presentó quemaduras cutáneas localizadas. Dentro de las complicaciones neurológicas, la pérdida de conocimiento transitoria fue la más frecuente (20 por ciento ). No se registró mortalidad en esta serie. Dos niños presentaron complicaciones cardíacas graves al ingreso: paro y fibrilación ventricular; un niño, bloqueo aurículoventricular completo. En el resto de los enfermos la monitorización cardíaca (media:6,3 hs) no evidenció trastornos del ritmo en la evolución, por lo que se concluye que esta técnica debe ser indicada únicamente en aquellos pacientes que evidencien trastornos del ritmo al ingreso. Se deben incrementar las medidas preventivas para evitar este tipo de accidentes

Carcinoma epidermoide del ano: tratamiento combinado quimioterapia-radioterapia / Anal epidermoid carcinoma: combinated treatment chemotherapy-radiotherapy

Objetivo: Evaluación del tratamiento combinado de Radioterapia (Rt) Quimioterapia (Qt) en el Carcinima Epidermoide del Ano (CEA). Diseño: Analisis retrospectivo de una serie de casos durante tres años. Lugar: Servicios de Radioterapia y Oncología Médica en Centro oncológico de referencia nacional. Pacientes: 22 pacientes (ptes) con CEA Intervenciones: Rt externa 6.000 cGy dirigidos a pelvis y periné y Qt con 5-Fluoracilo 1.000 mg/m2 día por 4 días y Mitomicin C 10-15 mg/m2 día 1, por 2 ciclos los días 1 y 29; iniciados en forma simultánea. Seguimiento por clínica, endoscopia e histología. Mediciones: Calculo del promedio (X+/-DE) de la sobrevida (SG) y libre de enfermedades (SLE) con 95% IC para muestras pequeñas con n-1 grados de libertad, sobrevida a los 3 años por el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: Se evaluaron 22 ptes. presentandose los resultados de 16. Edad promedio 51 años. Dosis Rt recibida 4.100-6.000 cGy, dosis día 180-250 cGy, Qt recibida 14 ptes, 2 ciclos, 2 ptes 1 ciclo. SG a los 3 años 76% promedio de seguimiento desde el inicio del tratamiento 18,6 meses 95% IC 12,2 a 25 meses, 8 ptes (50%) sin evidencia de enfermedad promedio 26,3 meses 95% IC 17,8 a 34,8 meses, 1 pte con evidencia de enfermedad. RC al término de la Rt 43% de los ptes evaluados. Complicaciones de la Qt: leucopenia en 2 ptes que retrasó el tratamiento 7 y 30 días respectivamente; Rt diarrea en todos los pacientes radio-dermatitis leve en 8 casos, moderada en 7 casos, severa en 1 caso, rectitis actínica 3 ptes..