[Radiological assessment of long-term outcomes of restorative treatment in patients with shortened dental arches]. / Rentgenologicheskaya otsenka otdalennykh rezul'tatov ortopedicheskogo lecheniya patsientov s ukorochennym zubnym ryadom.

BACKGROUND: Restoring the integrity of the dentition with orthopedic structures should be carried out strictly according to indications, taking into account the condition of the supporting teeth and/or teeth limiting the defect. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a retrospective analysis of the results of orthopedic treatment of patients with shortened dentition according to clinical and radiological methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material for the study was data from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of 126 patients with shortened dentition (most patients with the absence of a second molar, as well as the absence of the first and second molars), who sought a consultation about missing teeth in the orthopedic and surgical department of the Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center TsNIISiCHLKh Ministry of Health of Russia. RESULTS: At the stages of treatment for patients in the study group, insufficient attention is paid to the restoration of terminal defects of the dentition in the upper and lower jaws, especially the restoration of second molars. This may be due to improper planning of dental treatment and insufficient motivation of the patient to carry out comprehensive dental rehabilitation. According to CT studies, the number of complications of orthopedic treatment in the area of supporting teeth and/or teeth limiting the included defect or terminal defect of the dentition in the masticatory region increases depending on the period of use of the orthopedic structure. CONCLUSIONS: The use of cantilever structures leads to functional overload of the supporting teeth. Neglecting the restoration of a full dentition and prosthetics of end defects of the dentition leads to dentoalveolar advancement of antagonists of missing teeth and the appearance of complications such as functional overload of supporting teeth and resorption of alveolar bone.

[Soft tissues volumes changing in malar and cheek area after fat grafting].

To improve the predictability of facial soft tissues fat grafting results tissue thickness dynamics before and 1 year postoperatively was assessed by means of ultrasonic method in 58 patients under standardized position of the ultrasonic transducer, physical and technical scanning conditions. The study revealed direct correlation of soft tissues thickness increase after fat grafting with the initial thickness of recipient area tissues. One year after fat grafting 60-65% of additional thickness remained in the lower regions of malar-cheek area (with the greatest soft tissues thickness), and only 25-27% preserved in the upper regions with the minimal initial thickness of soft tissues. I.e. to achieve necessary correction volume in a zone with small initial soft tissues thickness it is necessary to increase the amount of fat grafting stages. As the rates of soft tissues thickness in correction area change during 3-4 months after fat grafting remaining stable after this period it is expedient to assess postoperative results and to carry out repeated fat grafting not earlier than 4 months after operation.

[Hemodynamic features assessment in submental and facial arteries in patients with early atherosclerotic disease of brachycephalic arteries].

By ultrasonicduplex scanning nature estimated haemodynamics in the arteriessubmentalis and facial of patients with early signs of atherosclerotic changes in the brakhiotsefalarteries and periodontal pathology of different stages - for perfection of prophylaxis of periodontal diseases by the means of investigation of prophylaxis vascular diseases. It was established, that influence of risk factors is more important than the age of patients.

[Prenatal cleft palate diagnostics by structural and functional peculiarities of the tongue].

The aim of the study was to assess tongue position and function in cleft lip and palate children in order to use them for ultrasound prenatal diagnostics of this malformation. The study included 258 cleft lip and palate patients, as well as 2078 pregnant women (20-22 gestation weeks). The ultrasound scans of 39 cleft palate fetuses were evaluated retrospectively. All cleft palate patients exhibited tongue configuration disorder, tongue asymmetry, low tip and high dorsum position. These signs may be useful for prenatal cleft palate diagnostics which fact is proved by assessment of ultrasound pictures of cleft palate pictures including that of 8 patients revealed prospectively.

[Tongue structure, position and function in cleft lip and palate children assessed by ultrasound examination].

The aim of the study was to examine the position and function of the tongue in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients and to reveal their impact on alveolar bone development. Two hundred and fifty-eight CLP children and 50 healthy children as control group were included in the study. Tongue function and position were assessed by ultrasound examination. In CLP patients the dorsum of the tongue was deformed and the asymmetry of some tongue structures was also found out (mainly the massive of the tongue muscles). Low tip and high dorsum position were specific for CLP children as well as discoordinated tongue movements. Both in static and dynamic condition the tongue was pressed to the lower alveolar bone thus disturbing its development. The obtained data showed tongue position and function to be one of the causes for lower promacrognathy and lingual inclination of incisors in CLP patients. The absence of tongue impact on the upper alveolar bone should be seen as one of the factors for upper retromicrognathy.

[Morphofunctional tongue features revealed by multispiral CT in cleft lip and palate patients].

Tongue structure and position as well as oral cavity volume were analyzed by means of multispiral CT in 82 cleft lip and palate patients and 27 healthy children. The study revealed microglossia and anomalous position and form of the tongue causing tongue tip to be pressed to the incisal part of the lower alveolar bone not exerting physiological impact on the upper alveolar bone. These results confirm the tongue position to be one of the factors for occlusion abnormalities in cleft lip and palate patients.

[On the classification of vascular structures in children].

Vascular structures are a common childhood pathology that may cause not only the development of extensive cosmetic defects but also functional disorders of respiration, swallowing, vision, and hearing. These conditions not infrequently lead to severe disability and sometimes have a fatal outcome. The choice of the treatment modality depends on the type of the so-called "hemangiomas", the classification of these tumours remaining poorly developed. Our experience with the treatment of the children with these vascular structures (including those of "critical" localization) enabled us to propose a classification of vascular lesions according to which all vascular structures are subdivided into vascular hyperplasias, vascular malformations, and vascular tumour-like structures (both benign and malignant). It is believed that the rational use of this classification may be helpful for the choice of the adequate treatment strategies.

[Classification of the formations from blood vessels of maxillofacial region and neck in children].

Multidisciplinary group of investigators basing upon special literature study, analysis of their own observation (1168 cases) including retrospective for 20 years and with the help of several following methods - clinical, roentgenological, pathomorphological,immunohistochemical - picked out from wide group of the so called hemangiomas 3 types of lesions: hyperplasia, malformation, tumour and suggested their clinical biological classification. To each of lesion types characteristic was given.

[Laser photocoagulation in treatment of plexiform neurofibromas in maxilla-facial area].

The incidence of plexiform neurofibromas (PN) is 1:2500-3000, the disease affects maxilla-facial area in 31% of cases. The current paper describes results of treatment of 23 patients as well as preliminary data on using laser coagulation as treatment option for PN, namely on preoperative stage of treatment.

[Echographic evaluation of anatomical bone structures peculiarities in children with two-sided cleft of upper lip and palate before and after early prosthetic treatment].

Ultrasound study of maxilla was performed in 74 patients with one-sided cleft of upper lip and palate (CULP) of the age from 1 month to 1.5 year. 49 patients with two-sided clefts got early prosthetic treatment with ultrasound investigation before the treatment beginning and after its completion. Cleft width, distance between alveolar process side fragments, height of alveolar process side fragments, angles of maxillary palatine processes origin from alveolar process side fragments, convergence angles of maxillary palatine processes and convergence angles of alveolar process side fragments were measured as well as intermaxillary bone mobility was determined. It was shown that echographic study in patients with CULP gave additional information that necessary for treatment planning and objective assessment of its results.

[Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound study in the diagnosis og facial angiodysplasias in children: competition or collaboration?]. / Magnitno-rezonansnaia tomografiia i ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie v diagnostike angiodisplazii litsa u detei: sopernichestvo ili sodruzhestvo?

This study deals with the capacities of noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) without administration of magnetic resonance contrast substances in the diagnosis of facial soft tissue angiodysplasias in children. Indications for their use are defined. The methodology of the studies is proposed. Their diagnostic role and relationship with the other noninvasive technique of medical visualization--ultrasound study (USS) with Doppler color mapping (DCM) are assessed. As compared with USS, MRI may more accurately and objectively establish the organotopic characteristics of facial soft tissue angiodysplasias and detect lesions of the deep facial parts, maxillary bones, and paranasal sinuses in the diagnosis of these abnormalities. The use of MRI may define the belonging of angiodysplasias to the arterial or venous bed, reveal afferent and efferent vessels, including intracranial ones, and to detect intracranial angiodysplastic changes. USS with DSM was superior to MRI with MRA in defining functional (hemodynamic) parameters of angiodysplasias, which makes this method indispendable in planning treatment and in evaluating its efficiency. Comprehensive examination of patients with large and extensive angiodysplasias of facial soft tissues has indicated that facial angiodysplasias are external manifestations of a more generalized angiodysplastic process in most cases, which, in large and extensive facial angiodysplasias, makes it expedient to perform MRI with MRA of the brain and, if possible, the whole body. The high informative value of MRI with MRA in studying angiodysplasias makes them the method of choice in the diagnosis of this group of diseases.

[Traditional echography and dopplerography in the diagnosis of vascular neoplasms of the maxillofacial area in children]. / Traditsionnaia ékhografiia i dopplerografiia v diagnostike sosudistykh novoobrazovanii cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti u detei.

Twelve patients with hemangiomas of maxillofacial soft tissues aged 9 months to 15 years were examined by B-mode echography and color doppler imaging of the bloodstream. Combination of these two methods helps confirm the presence of a vascular neoformation, assess its dissemination, volume, and syntopy, specify the morphological variant of its structure, evaluate bloodstream velocity in various parts of the neoplasm. The notion of bloodstream intensity is introduced for the first time, reflecting the number of actively functioning vessels per unit of tumor volume. Causes of artefact appearance have been detected and approaches to their elimination out outlined. Echographic signs permitting selection of the optimal treatment strategy for each patient have been defined.

[The echographic diagnosis of lymphangiomas of the maxillofacial area in children]. / Ekhograficheskaia diagnostika limfangiom cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti u detei.

Clinical and ultrasonic examinations of 26 patients aged 11 months to 12 years with maxillofacial lymphangiomas were carried out. Seventeen patients were operated on, and echographic findings were verified in them. The results indicate that ultrasonic examinations permit a sufficiently accurate assessment of lymphangioma morphologic structure and dissemination and help define its position in relation to significant anatomic maxillofacial and cervical structures and detect the complications in its course. High informative value of this noninvasive, available, and unsophisticated method recommend its wide use in the diagnosis of maxillofacial lymphangiomas in children.

[The x-ray anatomy of the maxilla on orthopantomograms]. / Rentgenoanatomiia verkhnei cheliusti na ortopantomogrammakh.

The article presents the results of experimental study of the degrees of projective enlargement and deformation of images of different maxillary regions, and the mechanism of maxillary image formation on the orthopantomograms are discussed. The detailed schematic design of the upper jaw and surrounding anatomical formations is presented as seen on orthopantomograms. This is essential for a reliable assessment of possible distortions.

[Clinical and x-ray characteristics of the periodontium in Sjögren's disease]. / Klinicheskaia i rentgenologicheskaia kharakteristika parodonta pri bolezni Shegrena.

Clinical and X-ray examination of parodont was performed in 35 patients with Sjögren disease and 35 control patients. Osteal parodont X-ray examination was performed using the techniques of panorama and orthopantomography. As a result of clinical and X-ray investigation, the patients showed a lesser degree of the diffuse osseal parodont resorbtion as compared to controls that was evidenced by a lack of clinical manifestations of the parodont inflammation. This is possibly due to the absence, in a majority of the patients, of the mineralized dental concrements. The focal inflammatory disorders were connected to local trauma factors.