Local anesthetics as a tool for Staphylococcus spp. control: a systematic review.

The objective of this work was to carry out a systematic review on the effectiveness of local anesthetics as antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus spp. Searches were performed in the PubMed, Web of science, Scopus, Embase and Lilacs databases. As inclusion criteria, complete original articles, with in vitro experimental tests with the application of selected anesthetics and bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus spp. This review followed the methodological checklist for writing papers reporting systematic reviews by the PRISMA statement. The risk of bias was assessed according to the JBI critical appraisal checklist. Analysis was performed using an anesthetic-moderated simple linear regression model. This systematic review was registered by the Open Science Framework-OSF ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/C5JM7 ). Initially, 1141 articles were found, of which, after careful selection, 52 articles were analyzed. Lidocaine was the most commonly used anesthetic, being evaluated in 35 of the articles. S. aureus ATCC 25923 was the standard microorganism in 17 articles. The impact of the anesthetic concentration in relation to the antimicrobial effect was evaluated and the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference. (F [5, 12] = 0.688 p = 0.642), even when taking into account the moderator effect of anesthetics individually. Therefore, although the antimicrobial effect of local anesthetics was demonstrated in 82.7% of the studies evaluated, great heterogeneity of the results was found, which made it impossible to carry out a meta-analysis and make recommendations based on the evidence.

Linfonodo-sentinela no câncer de mama acessória: relato de caso / Sentinel lymph node in accessory breast cancer: a case report

No último século, grandes avanços foram surgindo na forma de tratar o câncer de mama. A remoção radical da glândula e das estruturas adjacentes tem sido substituída por cirurgias conservadoras e a abordagem cirúrgica dos linfonodos axilares vem se tornando fundamental. Relatamos o caso de paciente com câncer de mama ectópica na axila esquerda e a identificação do linfonodo-sentinela pela técnica do azul patente. Discutimos os estudos relacionados à drenagem linfática do tecido mamário ectópico e a identificação do linfonodo-sentinela nesta rara situação.