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AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the changes in maxillary and mandibular third molar inclinations in individuals with class II div 1 malocclusion, before and after orthodontic treatment with extraction of all four first premolars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study consisted of the pretreatment and posttreatment records of 30 patients that were obtained from the archives of the department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics in A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences. The maxillary third molar's relation to the palatal plane and the mandibular third molar's relation to the mandibular plane were measured. The paired t test was used to calculate pre- and posttreatment changes. A value of P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The maxillary third molars showed a mean correction of 6.15° (P < 0.001) and the mandibular third molars showed a mean correction of 5.10° (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Maxillary third molars showed more uprighting when compared to the mandibular third molars and that both maxillary and mandibular third molars showed an improvement in their angulations to their respective planes after extraction of the first premolars. However, the results of the study cannot be analyzed to state if the third molars do become fully functional.
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BACKGROUND: The molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is defined as a qualitative defect of the enamel characterised by the progressive and simultaneous hypomineralization of the enamel structure of the first permanent molars which is of systemic origin, which may be associated frequently with incisors. Although the reported prevalence of MIH ranges from 2.4% to 40.2% worldwide, very little data is available from India. AIM: To determine the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization among school children aged 9 to 12 years in virajpet, Karnataka. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study consisted of 1600 school children aged 9-12 years selected by stratified cluster sampling procedure. The European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria were followed for MIH diagnosis. Chi-square test was used to analyse the categorical data. P ≤ 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. RESULTS: The prevalence of MIH is 13.12% with no gender predilection. Ten-year-old children showed the highest prevalence (15%) among all the age group. Majority of children with MIH (70.2%) have lesions in both molars and incisors with demarcated opacities and atypical restorations being the most frequent defect type. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of MIH was 13.12% in the 9-12-year child population in Virajpet. There is a need for a proper planned preventive and restorative program about the increasing prevalence of MIH.
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Aim: The present study was conducted with an aim to assess the antimicrobial activity of Ocimum sanctum (tulsi) extract on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis.Materials and methods: Tulsi extract with ethanol was prepared using cold extraction method in the present in vitro study. Various concentrations (2, 4, 6, and 8%) were then obtained by dilution with dimethylformamide. A 0.2% chlorhexidine served as the positive control, whereas the negative control was dimeth-ylformamide. Zones of inhibition were measured, each for A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. For comparison within the group and between the study groups, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc tests were used. A statistical significance level of p < 0.05 was established. Results: The 8% concentration of the tulsi extract showed maximum zone of inhibition against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis (40.10 ± 0.90, 33.79 ± 1.82 mm), followed by the 6, 4, and 2% concentrations. The 0.2% chlorhexidine, which was the positive control, had 39.80 ± 1.24 and 32.28 ± 1.28 mm zones of inhibition; dimethylformamide showed 13.55 ± 1.92 and 10.21 ± 2.16 mm zones of inhibition against both the microorganisms. The ANOVA showed highly statistically significant (p < 0.0001) results between and within the groups. The antimicrobial activity of tulsi extract at 6 and 8% concentrations, and 0.2% chlorhexidine against A. actinomycetemcomitans showed statistically significant differences between the groups. The concentration of tulsi extract at 8 and 0.2% chlorhexidine on P. gingivalis showed statistically significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that 8% concentration of O. sanctum (tulsi) extract showed the maximum antimicrobial activity against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. It is thus recommended that this may be useful as an adjunc-tive to mechanical therapy in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Clinical significance:O. sanctum (tulsi) is a herb that is abundantly available, easily accessible, economically feasible, and culturally acceptable. Therefore, it is very useful in the management of oral diseases and also for overcoming many barriers that exist for the utilization of dental services, such as affordability, accessibility, availability, and acceptability. Keywords:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Antimicrobial, Ocimum sanctum, Porphyromonas gingivalis.