Correlation between Depression with Serum Levels of Vitamin D, Calcium and Magnesium in Women of Reproductive Age.

Introduction: Micronutrient deficiency is one of the common problems in women of reproductive age. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the correlation between the depression with serum levels of vitamin D, calcium and magnesium in women of reproductive age. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study .In this study 100 women 15-44 years old with inclusion criteria of the study were called through an invitation in Urmia Motahari hospital in Iran. Demographic and obstetric information as well as the short form Beck Depression Inventory were completed, and then ten ml of venus blood was obtained from the subjects after about 12 hours of fasting. The data were analyzed, by SPSS software. Results: The mean of the depression score was 5.24, and the mean (SD) of the serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium were 15.53 (13.41) (ng/ml), 9.14 (0.24) (mg/dL), and 2.07 (0.13) (mg/dl), respectively. Women's depression scores showed a significant inverse correlation with the serum level of vitamin D (r= -0.21, P= 0.03). Conclusion: It is recommended that interventional programs should be carried out for women of reproductive age to improve their vitamin D status.

Hospitals Productivity Measurement Using Data Envelopment Analysis Technique.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to measure the hospital productivity using data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique and Malmquist indices. METHODS: This is a cross sectional study in which the panel data were used in a 4 year period from 2007 to 2010. The research was implemented in 12 teaching and non-teaching hospitals of Ahvaz County. Data envelopment analysis technique and the Malmquist indices with an input-orientation approach, was used to analyze the data and estimation of productivity. Data were analyzed using the SPSS.18 and DEAP.2 software. RESULTS: Six hospitals (50%) had a value lower than 1, which represents an increase in total productivity and other hospitals were non-productive. the average of total productivity factor (TPF) was 1.024 for all hospitals, which represents a decrease in efficiency by 2.4% from 2007 to 2010. The average technical, technologic, scale and managerial efficiency change was 0.989, 1.008, 1.028, and 0.996 respectively. There was not a significant difference in mean productivity changes among teaching and non-teaching hospitals (P>0.05) (except in 2009 years). CONCLUSION: Productivity rate of hospitals had an increasing trend generally. However, the total average of productivity was decreased in hospitals. Besides, between the several components of total productivity, variation of technological efficiency had the highest impact on reduce of total average of productivity.