The impact of digital game addiction on musculoskeletal system of secondary school children.

BACKGROUND: The widespread use of digital devices causes adolescents to spend long periods of time in front of the screen. AIMS: This study aimed to analyze the impacts of digital game addiction on the musculoskeletal system of secondary school children in Kayseri. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 1000 healthy children have been included. A questionnaire, which has been prepared by the researchers and questions children's socio-demographic knowledge, sport habits, durations of study, types of digital tools they use to play games, using positions and durations of use, has been applied to the children. A visual analog scale was used to assess pain intensity. Game addiction has been evaluated through Computer Game Addiction Scale for Children. RESULTS: Between computer and phone use and neck pain, a significant correlation has been found (P < 0.05). Between game addiction and wrist, back and low back pain, a significant correlation has been detected. While males use more computer, tablet and are more addicted to games, the scores of head, wrist and back pain in females have been found out to be significantly high. CONCLUSIONS: As they cause musculoskeletal problems, the higher the time children consume in front of digital devices and the more they use it in wrong posture; the more the complaints about pain are.

Correlations between biochemical composition and biogas production during anaerobic digestion of microalgae and cyanobacteria isolated from different sources of Turkey.

Twenty one species of microalgae and Cyanobacteria were isolated from different ecosystems in Turkey to investigate the relation between biochemical methane potential (BMP) and biochemical characterization. Since the highest dry weight (X), specific growth rate (µ) and maximum productivity (Pmax) were obtained from the five species, identification of species and BMP tests with the composition analyzes were examined. BMP values were determined 308, 293, 242, 229 and 230 mLCH4/gVS for Desertifilum tharense, Phormidium animale, Chlorella sp., Anabeana variabilis and Chlorophyta uncultured. The Pearson correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to extract and clarify the correlation between composition of species and their methane production. Pearson correlation shows that glucose, Kjeldahl nitrogen and chlorophyll are highly and positively correlated with BMP. PCA revealed that Chlorella sp., Chlorophyta uncultured and Desertifilum tharense were placed against Phormidium animale distinguished by its extreme and different profile because of Kjeldahl nitrogen and glucose content.