Monepantel resistant Trichostrongylus colubriformis in goats in Brazil.

In a farm where Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep had been found resistant to monepantel (MNP), we aimed to evaluate the efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes in a controlled efficacy test (CT) and a fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in goats. We used 15 (CT) and 30 goats (FECRT), naturally infected, and equally divided into control and treated groups. The efficacy of MNP in the CT against Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei and Cooperia curticei was 100%. For T. colubriformis, the efficacy was 90.5% in goats treated with 2.5mg/kg, and 88.1% in goats treated with 3.5mg/kg. In the FECRT, the overall reduction was 91% (2.5mg/kg) and 90% (3.75mg/kg). In the fecal cultures, Trichostrongylus spp. larvae represented 25% (pre-treatment) and 15% (post-treatment) of the larvae in the control group, but they were 75% (2.5mg/kg) and 98% (3.75mg/kg) of the recovered larvae after MNP treatment. In accordance with published standards, and based on FECRT and CT, MNP was considered ineffective against T. colubriformis in the studied flock.

Lack of efficacy of monepantel against Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep in Brazil.

Multiple drug resistance of nematodes against anthelmintics has become one of the most important economic problems in sheep production worldwide. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of monepantel (2.5mg/kg) against gastrointestinal nematodes in fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and controlled efficacy test (CT) in naturally infected sheep. We used 30 sheep for the FECRT and 20 sheep for the CT, equally divided into control and treated groups. In the FECRT, the reduction was 98%. Larval identification of pre-treatment coprocultures revealed 100% Haemonchus spp. for both control and treated groups. Post-treatment culture of treated sheep was 100% Oesophagostomum spp., but only few larvae were recovered. In the control group, they were 99% Haemonchus spp and 1% Oesophagostomum spp. larvae. Based on the FECRT, Haemonchus spp. was considered susceptible to monepantel. The efficacy of monepantel in the CT against Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus axei was 100% and against Cooperia curticei was 99.7%. For Trichostrongylus colubriformis, the efficacy was -21.5%. In both treated and untreated animals, Oesophagostomum columbianum was recovered from the large intestines. Based on FECRT and CT and in accordance with WAAVP standards, monepantel was ineffective against T. colubriformis and O. columbianum, but effective against H. contortus, T. axei and C. curticei in the studied flock.

An agent-based system for re-annotation of genomes

Genome annotation projects can produce incorrect results if they are based on obsolete data or inappropriate models. We have developed an automatic re-annotation system that uses agents to perform repetitive tasks and reports the results to the user. These tasks involve BLAST searches on biological databases (GenBank) and the use of detection tools (Genemark and Glimmer) to identify new open reading frames. Several agents execute these tools and combine their results to produce a list of open reading frames that is sent back to the user. Our goal was to reduce the manual work, executing most tasks automatically by computational tools. A prototype was implemented and validated using Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae original annotated genomes. The results reported by the system identify most of new features present in the re-annotated versions of these genomes.

Single-blind and comparative clinical study of the efficacy and safety of benzoyl peroxide 4% gel (BID) and adapalene 0.1% Gel (QD) in the treatment of acne vulgaris for 11 weeks.

objectives: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of a gel containing benzoyl peroxide 4%, used twice daily, with a gel containing adapalene 0.1% used once daily, in the treatment of acne vulgaris for 11 weeks. methods: 178 patients bearing acne vulgaris, aged between 13 and 30 years, were studied in a comparative and single-blind clinical study. The 178 patients were divided into two groups: 89 patients treated with benzoyl peroxide 4% and 89 patients treated with adapalene 0.1%. The treatment duration was 11 weeks. The efficacy assessment was conducted through an accounting of both the inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions in all visits. The safety assessment was conducted through reports regarding adverse reactions and local tolerance in all visits and an overall tolerance at the end of the study. conclusions: The results showed that both treatments were efficient in the reduction of acne lesions after 11 weeks treatment and were well tolerated, without any serious adverse event report. The benzoyl peroxide 4% was superior in the reduction of the number of inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions at weeks 2 and 5, when compared to adapalene 0.1%.

Risk factors for toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV-infected patients: a case-control study in Brazil.

A case-control study to identify the risk factors for toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) among HIV-infected patients with latent Toxoplasma gondii infection was performed in a teaching hospital in south-eastern Brazil. Although the subjects were all positive for serum IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma, some (the cases) developed TE during routine follow-up at the hospital whereas others (the controls) did not. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated by multiple logistic regression after controlling for potential confounders. Only 46 (22%) of the 210 cases but 93 (45%) of the 205 controls were on prophylactic regimens with co-trimoxazole [aOR = 0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.15-0.60]. Subjects with fewer than 100 (aOR = 37.09; CI =7.49-183.67) or between 100 and 200 CD4 cells/microl (aOR = 10.20; CI =2.00-51.90) were at substantially increased risk of developing TE than those with >400 CD4 cells/microl. Although the results of preliminary, unadjusted data analysis indicated that male sex and homosexual or bisexual activity might be additional risk factors, these associations were not found to be statistically significant by multiple regression analysis. In conclusion, no risk factors for TE other than low CD4 cell counts and failure to receive prophylaxis were found among HIV-infected Brazilian patients with past exposure to Toxoplasma. Seropositive patients with CD4 cell counts above 100/microl (the point at which specific prophylaxis is usually recommended) but below 200/microl might also benefit from effective anti-TE prophylaxis.

Um caso particular da adenoma tubular apócrino / A particular case of an apcrine tubular adenoma

Os autores apresentam um caso de adenoma tubular apócrino, com alteraçöes histopatológicas particulares associando imagens de seiringoma de tricoepitelioma e de adenoma infundibular

Cisto triquilemal proliferante de Wilson Jones: relato de um caso / Proliferating trichilemmal cyst of Wilson Jones: a case report

Os autores apresentam um caso de cisto triquilemal proliferante de Wilson-Jones, em um paciente de 63 anos, localizado na regiäo parieto-occipital esquerda. Os aspectos clínico-histopatológicos e histogenéticos do tumor säo discutidos. Chamam atençäo para as semelhanças histológicas com o epitelioma espinocelular

[Eccrine spiradenoma. Study of a peculiar case]. / Espiradenoma écrino. Estudo de um caso particular.

The authors describe a case of eccrine spiradenoma with unusual histological features generally associated with syringoma. The clinical aspects of this case and the histogenesis of the tumor are discussed.

Tuberculose cutanea indurativa de Bazin. / Bazin's erythema enduratum

Foi nossa proposta a etiologia controvertida do eritema indurado de Bazin e, para isto, realizamos revisao do material existente nos Servicos de Dermatologia da Policlinica Geral do Rio de Janeiro, da Santa Casa de Misericordia, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro de da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Incluimos no nosso material o metodo tintorial proposto por NYKA, a fim de comprovar sua sensibilidade na evidenciacao de mycobacterias.Os criterios de tuberculose foram revistos e comparados com aqueles adotados para o diagnostico de outras infeccoes principalmente da hanseniase. Os criterios presuntivos de diagnostico da tuberculose cutanea propostos por F.E. Rabello foram analisados e aplicados a nossa causistica

[Indeterminate Hansen's disease]. / Hanseníase indeterminada.

The AA have characterized undifferenciated or indeterminate forms of Hanseniasis on the clinical, immunological, bacteriological and histological aspects. They too signaled the epidemiological importance and demonstrated its position in the statistics showing it to be the prevalent form of the disease. In 90 patients from Rio de Janeiro they discussed the many clinical manifestations and the therapeutics, prognosis, evolution and most important manners to discovered new cases.