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INTRODUCTION: As periodontitis is caused by dysbiotic biofilm, it is believed that therapy with probiotics can act to control the mechanisms of adhesion and colonization, competing with invading microorganisms. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate probiotic therapy effect on periodontal tissues and intestinal mucosa of rats with ligature-induced periodontitis. METHODS: 32 Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=8): Control Group (CG); Periodontal disease (PD); Probiotic (PROB); PD + probiotic (PDPRO). PD and PDPRO received a ligature over the first lower molars and PROB and PDPRO the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus based were given orally for 44 days. The animals were euthanized and the blood was collected for evaluation of triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations. The hemimandibles were collected for histomorphometric and radiographic analysis. The duodenum was removed for morphological evaluation and gingival tissue around the molars was collected for analysis of IL-17. RESULTS: The ANOVA one-way test was used followed by Tukey Test. PDPRO had a significantly lower bone loss than the PD (p<0.05) and a smaller number of osteoclasts on PDPRO when compared to the PD. As for IL-17, there was a decrease in the PDPRO when compared to the PD. The histomorphometry of the duodenum showed that there was a significant increase in the width of the villi in PROB only. CONCLUSION: The therapy with probiotics was effective to avoid the development of periodontitis by reducing alveolar bone loss and inflammation modulation and increasing the width of the duodenum villi, which may help to restabilize the balance of the gastrointestinal tract.
INTRODUÇÃO: Como a periodontite é causada por biofilme disbiótico, acredita-se que a terapia com probióticos possa atuar no controle dos mecanismos de adesão e colonização, competindo com microrganismos invasores. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da terapia probiótica nos tecidos periodontais e mucosa intestinal de ratos com periodontite induzida por ligadura. MÉTODOS: 32 ratos Wistar foram divididos em quatro grupos (n=8): Grupo Controle (GC); Doença periodontal (PD); Probiótico (PROB); PD + probiótico (PDPRO). PD e PDPRO receberam ligadura sobre os primeiros molares inferiores e PROB e PDPRO, o probiótico à base de Lactobacillus acidophilus dado via oral por 44 dias. Os animais foram sacrificados e o sangue coletado para avaliação das concentrações de triglicerídeos e colesterol total. As hemimandíbulas foram coletadas para análise histomorfométrica e radiográfica. O duodeno foi removido para avaliação morfológica e o tecido gengival ao redor dos molares foi coletado para análise de IL-17. RESULTADOS: Foi usado Teste ANOVA seguido pelo Teste de Tukey. PDPRO teve uma perda óssea significativamente menor do que o PD (p<0.05) e um menor número de osteoclastos no PDPRO quando comparado ao PD. Já para IL-17, houve diminuição do PDPRO em relação ao PD. A histomorfometria do duodeno mostrou que houve aumento significativo da largura das vilosidades no PROB somente. CONCLUSÃO: A terapia com probiótico foi eficaz para evitar o desenvolvimento de periodontite por reduzir a perda óssea alveolar e a modulação da inflamação e aumentar a largura das vilosidades duodenais, o que pode ajudar a estabilizar o equilíbrio do trato gastrointestinal.
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Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Periodontite/terapia , Probióticos , Mucosa Intestinal , Lactobacillus acidophilusRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate whether ligature-induced periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) potentiate the deleterious effects on functional capacity, periodontal and synovial tissues, leukocyte migration, and interleukin 17 (IL-17) levels, and to investigate the repercussions of single Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) injection associated with periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one male Wistar rats were randomised into six groups: control (CG, n = 8), RA (RAG, n = 9), periodontitis (PG, n = 9), periodontitis and RA (PRAG, n = 9), periodontitis and intradermal injection (PIDG, n = 9), and periodontitis and intra-articular injection (PIAG, n = 7). The animals underwent ligature placement and one or two injections with FCA to induce RA. Motor disability, nociceptive threshold, joint edema, and muscle strength were assessed, and the animals were euthanized on day 30. Synovial fluid, hemimandibles, and knee joints were collected. RESULTS: PRAG showed no reduction of edema or improvement of muscle strength, whereas it showed most significant changes in leukocyte migration, morphological analyses of the synovial membrane (SM), and radiographic and histometric analyses of the jaw. The PIAG showed some alterations, though not permanent. CONCLUSION: Ligature-induced periodontitis and RA induced by two FCA injections accentuated the deleterious effects on functional capacity, leukocyte migration, synovial and periodontal tissues.
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Artrite Reumatoide , Periodontite , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Leucócitos , Modelos Teóricos , Periodontite/complicações , Ratos Wistar , Movimento Celular , Interleucina-17RESUMO
Forty Wistar rats were used: (1) control group (CG); (2) group of periodontal disease (PD); (3) type 1 diabetes mellitus group (T1DM); (4) type 1 diabetes mellitus + periodontal disease group (T1DM + PD). In groups T1DM and T1DM + PD, T1DM induction was performed with the administration of streptozotocin (STZ) 80 mg/kg intraperitoneal body weight. The PD and T1DM + PD groups were submitted to PD induction with ligation. After the experimental phase and euthanasia, histological, radiographic, and morphological analyses were performed. For data analysis, was used the one-way ANOVA and post-test Tukey. The T1DM + PD group had a significantly higher level of fasting blood glucose compared to the other groups. In radiographic and histomorphometric analyses, the T1DM + PD group showed greater alveolar bone loss compared to the control group. The T1DM + PD group showed greater osteoclastic activity compared to the control, T1DM, and PD groups and exhibited an intense inflammatory infiltrate, most of which were PMN, being that the amount of this group of cells (PMN) was significantly greater than the PD group. The heights of the intestinal villi were statistically higher in the PD, T1DM, T1DM + PD groups, compared to the control. Regarding the height of the crypt, only the T1DM and T1DM + PD groups were significantly higher compared to the other groups. Association of diabetes and periodontal inflammation increased the deleterious effects on bone tissue and adverse effect on the permeability of the duodenal mucosa.
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Perda do Osso Alveolar/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/patologia , Duodeno/patologia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Doenças Mandibulares/etiologia , Periodontite/patologia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/diagnóstico por imagem , Perda do Osso Alveolar/patologia , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/induzido quimicamente , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Duodeno/metabolismo , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/etiologia , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Doenças Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Mandibulares/patologia , Periodontite/complicações , Periodontite/metabolismo , Permeabilidade , Radiografia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Periodontal disease is considered a public health problem because of its high prevalence, while premature birth is a serious perinatal problem, persisting as one of the major causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal periodontal disease on the occurrence of preterm birth and the birth weight of their babies. The study sample included 45 new mothers, aged 18-35 years, who presented either slight or moderate to severe localized or generalized chronic periodontitis with bleeding on probing and gingival inflammation. The women were divided into 2 groups: slight periodontal disease (SPD; n = 15) and moderate to severe periodontal disease (MSPD; n = 30). The women underwent periodontal evaluations 48 hours after delivery of their newborns. The evaluations consisted of the following parameters: Plaque Control Record, Gingival Index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and gingival crevicular fluid analysis. In addition, pregnancy data and neonate data, such as birth weight and gestational age at birth, were collected. In the MSPD group, there were moderate, statistically significant negative correlations between the amount of maternal gingival crevicular fluid and the newborn's gestational age at birth (-0.5388; P = 0.0014); maternal Plaque Control Record and gestational age (-0.5026; P = 0.0046); and maternal Gingival Index and gestational age (-0.4562; P = 0.0112). In the SPD group, there were no statistically significant correlations between the maternal periodontal parameters and the newborn's gestational age or birth weight. The data in the present study suggest that the presence of inflammation caused by moderate to severe periodontitis may represent a risk factor for the occurrence of preterm birth.
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Doenças Periodontais , Nascimento Prematuro , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introduction: Periodontal disease (PD) is an inflammatory condition, which leads to tooth loss and promotes a systemic inflammatory state that can aggravate the nerve degeneration. As laser therapy may stimulate regeneration, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the low-level laser (LLL) on peripheral nerve regeneration under the systemic inflammatory condition of PD. Methods: Thirry-two male rats were used, distributed in 4 groups: nerve injury (NIG); periodontal disease with nerve injury (PDNI); nerve injury and treatment (TNIG); periodontal disease with nerve injury and treatment (PDNIT). On the 7th day of the experiment, the animals had ligatures placed around the lower first molars. On the 22nd day, they underwent peripheral nerve damage, and on the 25th day, the LLL treatment was initiated, performed for two weeks. The sciatic functional index (SFI) was evaluated with subsequent euthanasia of all the animals on the 37th day of the experiment. The sciatic nerve was collected for morphological and oxidative stress analysis and the hemi jaws for radiographic analysis. Results: Regarding the SFI, there was no difference among the groups in the first evaluation (EV) pre-injury; as for theEV2, after injury, all the groups presented a decrease in these values, which remained in post-treatment. For the morphology of the PDNI, nerve tissue presented larger diameter fibers, whereas, for NIT and PDNIT, fibers had smaller diameters with endoneurial organization. When it comes to the antioxidant system, there was an increase in protein concentration, higher superoxide activity, and decreased glutathione transferase activity in the treated groups. Catalase and cholinesterase did not differ between the groups, and lipoperoxidation (LPO) increased in the PD groups. For the mandible radiographic analysis, it was possible to verify the induction of PD. Conclusion: As for the used parameters, the low-level laser was not effective in increasing the nociceptive threshold, but it contributed to the regeneration of nerve fibers, although the inflammation was still present in the site. However, the treatment was effective in protecting cells against oxidative damage due to increased SOD and increased protein, although the decrease in GST demonstrates the inhibition of this stage of the antioxidant system.
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AIM: Periodontitis is often associated with diabetes mellitus and may be considered one of the chronic complications of this disease. Increasing evidence indicates that periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) has an adverse effect on glycemic control and participates in the pathophysiology of complications related to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of obesity on clinical periodontal parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with stage II or III periodontitis grade C after conventional periodontal treatment. METHODS: For this study, 36 patients, aged 25 to 65 years, were evaluated; 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and moderate to severe periodontitis (Non-Obese Group) and 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity and moderate to severe periodontitis (Obese Group). These patients underwent conventional periodontal treatment and were evaluated using plaque index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing and gingival crevicular fluid analysis, as well as laboratory tests of glycated hemoglobin, fasting glycemia, total cholesterol, and fractions of triglycerides. Periodontal and laboratory parameters were evaluated at baselineand six months. RESULTS: The results showed improvements in periodontal and clinical laboratory parameters(p less than 0.05) in the evaluated periods; however, the non-obese group presented significantly better results when compared to the obese group. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the presence of obesity may hinder the improvement of periodontal clinical parameters after conventional periodontal treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus and periodontitis.
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Periodontite Crônica , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Adulto , Idoso , Líquido do Sulco Gengival , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal , Índice PeriodontalRESUMO
Objetivo: A relação da osteoporose com pós-menopausa é controversa, mas pode ser um fator de risco para doença periodontal. Assim o objetivo deste projeto foi avaliar a influência da deficiência de estrógeno nos tecidos periodontais de ratas ovariectomizadas com peridontite induzida. Material e método: Quarenta ratas com 8 semanas de vida foram divididas aleatoriamente em 4 grupos: 1) Grupo controle; 2) Grupo ligadura; 3) Grupo ovariectomia; 4) Grupo ovariectomia e ligadura; sendo que todos os animais receberam dieta padrão e água à vontade. Aos 70 dias de vida os animais foram anestesiados e foi realizada a indução da doença periodontal, sendo após este procedimento aos 79 dias de vida, as ratas também foram submetidas à anestesia e à cirurgia de ovariectomia. Aos 100 dias de vida, as ratas foram sacrificadas sendo retiradas as hemimandíbulas esquerda e direita de cada rata para análises histomorfométrica e radiográfica, bem como amostras do tecido gengival para avaliar os tecidos periodontais. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que na análise radiográfica e histomorfométrica do osso alveolar dos primeiros molares inferiores nos grupos onde foi feita a indução da doença periodontal por ligadura, houve maior perda óssea alveolar significativamente (p<0.05). Em relação às concentrações de citocinas, os grupos que foram ovariectomizadas apresentaram concentrações maiores estatisticamente significante em relação aos demais (p<0.05). Conclusão: Assim pode-se concluir que a deficiência de estrógeno poderia contribuir para uma evolução mais rápida da perda óssea alveolar em ratas ovarietomizadas.
Aim: The relation of osteoporosis on the post-menopause is controversial; however, it can be a risk factor for the periodontal disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the estrogen deficiency on the periodontal tissues of female ovariectomized rat with induced periodontitis. Materials and methods: Forty rats with 8 weeks of life were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) Control group; 2) Ligature group; 3) Ovariectomized group; 4) Ovariectomized and ligature group; that being that all the animals were treated in a standard diet and water available all time. When reaching 70 days of life, the animals were anesthetized and a periodontal disease induction was carried, after this procedure, when reaching 79 days of life, the rats were also submitted to anesthesia and went through the ovariectomy surgery. When reaching 100 days of life, the female rats were sacrificed, at when the left and right hemimandible of each rat were taken for radiographic and histomorphometric analysis, as the samples of the gingival tissue to evaluate the periodontal tissue. Results: The results highlighted that the radiographic and histomorphometric analysis of the lower alveolar bone first molars of the groups in which the induction of the periodontal disease by ligature, there was higher alveolar bone loss significantly (p<0.05). When it comes to the relation of the cytokine concentration, the groups that were ovariectomized presented significant higher concentration when compared to the others (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this way, we could conclude that the estrogen deficiency could contribute to the quicker evolution of the alveolar bone loss on female ovariectomized rats.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: It is possible that physical activity protects the periodontium by mitigating excessive inflammatory response of the individual. There is some evidence from longitudinal studies and a prospective study demonstrating that physically active adults have experienced a decrease in the risk of periodontitis. To date no study has jointly explored the relationship of physical activity and periodontitis using inflammatory biomarkers. Objective: In this regard, the objective was to assess the bone tissue behavior of rats with experimental periodontitis subjected to aquatic exercise. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) without periodontitis and without exercise (CS); 2) without periodontitis and with exercise (CE); 3) with periodontitis and without exercise (DPS); 4) with periodontitis and with exercise (DPE). The animals from groups CE and DPE had swimming sessions for four weeks and the DPS and DPE groups were subjected to ligature-induced periodontitis. After 30 days the animals were sacrificed, and had their right and left hemimandibles removed for radiographic and histological analysis. The data obtained were analyzed and evaluated through ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: Bone loss in the animals from the DPE group was found to be significantly lower (61.7 ± 2.2; p <0.05) than in those from the DPS group (84.5 ± 1.2; p <0.05), while in terms of the number of osteoblasts (DPS=11.0 ± 1.4; DPE=10.7 ± 5.2) and osteocytes (DPS=17.3 ± 3.1; DPE=19.0 ± 4.4), there was no significant decrease (p <0.05) in the groups subjected to experimental periodontitis, regardless of physical exercise. Conclusion: Physical exercise was found to have a protective effect in relation to bone height and did not influence bone density. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
RESUMO Introdução: É possível que a atividade física proteja o periodonto por atenuar a resposta inflamatória excessiva do indivíduo. Há algumas evidências em estudos longitudinais e um estudo prospectivo que demonstram que adultos fisicamente ativos têm tido diminuição do risco de periodontite. Até o momento, nenhum estudo explorou conjuntamente o relacionamento da atividade física com a periodontite, utilizando biomarcadores inflamatórios. Objetivo: Neste sentido, objetiva-se avaliar o comportamento do tecido ósseo de ratos com periodontite experimental submetidos ao exercício físico em meio aquático. Métodos: Foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar machos, divididos em quatro grupos: 1) Grupo sem periodontite e sem exercício (CS); 2) Grupo sem periodontite e com exercício (CE); 3) Grupo com periodontite e sem exercício (DPS); 4) Grupo com periodontite e com exercício (DPE). Os animais dos grupos CE e DPE realizaram natação por quatro semanas e nos animais dos grupos DPS e DPE induziu-se a doença periodontal por ligadura. Aos 30 dias, os animais foram sacrificados, sendo retiradas as hemimandíbulas do lado direito e esquerdo para análise radiográfica e histológica. Os dados obtidos foram analisados e avaliados através dos testes ANOVA e Tukey. Resultados: Foi possível observar que nos animais do grupo DPE, a perda óssea foi significantemente menor (61,7 ± 2,2; p < 0,05) do que no grupo DPS (84,5 ± 1,2; p < 0,05). Na quantidade de osteoblastos (DPS = 11,0 ± 1,4; DPE = 10,7 ± 5,2) e de osteócitos (DPS = 17,3 ± 3,1; DPE = 19,0 ± 4,4), não houve diminuição significativa (p < 0,05) nos grupos submetidos à periodontite experimental, independentemente do exercício físico. Conclusão: Foi possível observar que o exercício físico apresentou um efeito protetor com relação à altura óssea e não influenciou a densidade do osso. Nível de evidência: II; Estudos terapêuticos-investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: Es posible que la actividad física proteja el periodonto por atenuar la respuesta inflamatoria excesiva del individuo. Hay algunas evidencias en estudios longitudinales y un estudio prospectivo que demuestran que los adultos físicamente activos tuvieron riesgo reducido de periodontitis. Hasta el momento, ningún estudio exploró conjuntamente la relación de la actividad física con la periodontitis utilizando biomarcadores inflamatorios. Objetivo: En este sentido, se pretende evaluar el comportamiento del tejido óseo de ratas con periodontitis experimental sometidos al ejercicio físico en en medio acuático. Métodos: Se utilizaron 24 ratas Wistar machos, divididas en cuatro grupos: 1) Grupo sin periodontitis y sin ejercicio (CS); 2) Grupo sin periodontitis y con ejercicio (CE); 3) Grupo con periodontitis y sin ejercicio (DPS); 4) Grupo con periodontitis y con ejercicio (DPE). Los animales de los grupos CE y DPE realizaron natación por cuatro semanas y en los animales de los grupos DPS y DPE se indujo la enfermedad periodontal por ligadura. A los 30 días, se sacrificaron los animales, siendo retiradas las hemimandíbulas del lado derecho e izquierdo para análisis radiográfico e histológico. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados y evaluados por las pruebas ANOVA y Tukey. Resultados: Se observó que en los animales del grupo DPE, la pérdida ósea fue significativamente menor (61,7 ± 2,2; p < 0,05) que en el grupo DPS (84,5 ± 1,2; p < 0,05). En la cantidad de osteoblastos (DPS = 11,0 ± 1,4; DPE = 10,7 ± 5,2) y de osteocitos (DPS = 17,3 ± 3,1; DPE = 19,0 ± 4,4), no hubo una disminución significativa (p <0,05) en los grupos sometidos a la periodontitis experimental, independientemente de ejercicio físico. Conclusión: Fue posible observar que el ejercicio presentó un efecto protector con relación a la altura ósea, no influenció en la densidad del hueso. Nivel de evidencia: II; Estudios terapéuticos-investigación de los resultados del tratamiento
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A obtenção de uma oclusão funcionalmente equilibrada é uma meta perseguida pelos ortodontistas, e um dos pré-requisitos para isso é a existência de proporcionalidade entre os tamanhos mésio-distais dos dentes superiores e inferiores. Com a intenção de localizar o excesso de massa dentária e dirigir a conduta clínica, a análise de Bolton estabelece proporções ideais para regiões anterior e total do arco dentário, evidenciando as discrepâncias. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a discrepância de Bolton entre as diferentes más oclusões sagitais e entre diferentes protocolos de extração de quatro pré-molares, avaliando a tendência de se promover discrepância de Bolton nos diferentes protocolos de extração específicos para a camuflagem das más oclusões. Em modelos de estudo de 86 pacientes, com média etária de 18,6 anos, sendo que 31 destes eram portadores de má oclusão de Classe I, 29 pacientes de Classe II e 26 de Classe III, mediu-se as discrepâncias de Bolton com a utilização de paquímetro. Comparou-se as médias dos diâmetros mésio-distais e suas proporções entre grupos de más oclusões, protocolos de extração e protocolos específicos para camuflagem, através da análise de variância. Não ocorreram diferenças estatísticas para discrepância anterior e total entre os grupos de más oclusões avaliados e entre os grupos de protocolos de extração. Com relação aos protocolos de extração para camuflagem, os pacientes Classe III tenderam a apresentar maior discrepância de Bolton às outras más oclusões. É válido considerar esses aspectos durante o plano de tratamento ortodôntico para que a finalização do mesmo não seja dificultada. (AU)
Obtaining a static and functionally balanced occlusion is a goal pursued by orthodontists, and one of pre requirements to it is the existence of proportionality between the mesial-distal sizes of upper and lower teeth. In order to locate the excess dental mass and direct clinical management, the Bolton analysis establishes ideal proportions for both anterior and total arch, highlighting the discrepancies. The objectives of this study were to compare the Bolton discrepancy between the malocclusions and between four premolars extraction protocols, and evaluate the tendency to promote Bolton discrepancy in different specific extraction protocols for camouflage of malocclusions. In plaster models of 86 patients, with a mean age of 18.6 years old, which 31 were suffering from malocclusion of Class I, 29 with Class II and 26 with Class III, it was measured Bolton discrepancies with the use of paquimeter. It was compared the mean values of mesiodistal diameters and their proportions between groups of malocclusion, extraction protocols, and specific protocols for camouflage, through the variance analysis. There were no statistical differences for anterior and total tooth size discrepancy between malocclusion groups and extraction protocols groups. Regarding the extraction protocols for camouflage, patients with Class III tended to show more Bolton discrepancy than other malocclusions. It is worth considering these aspects during orthodontic treatment plan for thereof completion won't be hampered.(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Extração Seriada , Coroa do Dente , Má OclusãoRESUMO
Periodontal disease is chronic and multifactorial, affecting protection and support tissues of the tooth. Its onset is due to the accumulation of bacterial plaque, in which are found microorganisms, mainly Gram-negative, which stimulate the host cells and the production of immune-inflammatory molecules. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of two techniques of periodontal treatment through clinical parameters and laboratory tests. For this, 42 patients were randomly evaluated and divided into three groups of 14 patients each: Group 1 (control) - periodontally healthy patients; Group 2 - patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis treated with conventional periodontal treatment [quadrant scaling and root planing (Q-SRP)]; and Group 3 - patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis treated with full-mouth scaling and root planing (FM-SRP). All of these patients received periodontal treatment and were evaluated using the plaque and gingival indices, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), analysis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) isoform expression and analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), for a total period of 180 days. The results of the periodontal and laboratory parameters did not show significant differences statistically (p > 0.05) when comparing the treatments at 180 days. Therefore, it can be affirmed that both periodontal treatments were effective, but without differences between them. Both treatments improved periodontal and laboratorial clinical parameters significantly. Thus, the professional should evaluate the case and choose the treatment that best suits the needs of the patient and availability.
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This study aims to evaluate if ligature-induced periodontitis can potentiates the deleterious effects of immobilization in the skeletal striated muscle, contributing to the development of muscle atrophy due to disuse. Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) Control Group (CG), (2) Periodontal Disease (PDG), (3) Immobilized (IG), and (4) Immobilized with Periodontal Disease (IPDG). Periodontal disease was induced for 30 days, with ligature method, and the immobilization was performed with cast bandage for 15 days. Prior to euthanasia, nociceptive threshold and muscular grasping force were evaluated. Afterwards, the soleus muscle was dissected and processed for sarcomere counting and morphological/morphometric analysis. For data analysis, was used the one-way ANOVA and post-test Tukey (p < 0.05). The IG and IPDG presented lower muscle weight, lower muscular grip strength, and less number of sarcomeres compared to CG. The PDG showed reduction of muscle strength and nociceptive threshold after 15 days of periodontal disease and increased connective tissue compared to CG. The IPDG presented lower muscle length and nociceptive threshold. The IG presented reduction in cross-sectional area and smaller diameter, increase in the number of nuclei and a nucleus/fiber ratio, decrease in the number of capillaries and capillary/fiber ratio, with increase in connective tissue. The IPDG had increased nucleus/fiber ratio, decreased capillaries, and increased connective tissue when compared to the IG. The IPDG presented greater muscle tissue degeneration and increased inflammatory cells compared to the other groups. Ligature-induced periodontitis potentiated the deleterious effects of immobilization of the skeletal striated muscle.
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Imobilização/efeitos adversos , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Periodontite/patologia , Animais , Força Muscular , Músculo Esquelético/irrigação sanguínea , Atrofia Muscular/patologia , Dor Nociceptiva , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Objetivo: O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento do tecido gengival de ratos após a indução experimental de obesidade e doença periodontal. Material e Métodos: Vinte e quatro ratos machos (n=24) foram divididos inicialmente em 2 grupos, que foram submetidos a injeções intradérmicas na região cervical de 4g/kg/dia de solução glutamato monossódico (MSG) (grupo OBS) e 1,25g/kg/dia de solução salina (grupo CTL), nos primeiros 5 dias de vida. Aos 70 dias foi induzida a doença periodontal com a colocação de ligadura nos dentes posteriores dos ratos, após esse procedimento 4 grupos, com 6 ratos cada, foram originados: grupo controle sem ligadura (CTL); grupo controle com ligadura (LIG); obeso sem ligadura (OBS), obeso com ligadura (OBSLIG). Aos 100 dias os ratos foram sacrificados, e a hemimandíbula direita de cada rato foi retirada para a análise morfométrica do tecido gengival. Resultados: A altura do epitélio da crista gengival foi significativamente (p<0,05) maior nos grupos com periodontite induzida (LIG 44,26±0,69; OBSLIG 43,30±1,23). A altura do tecido conjuntivo na região média mostrou-se menor nos grupos CTL (237,44±7,38) e OBS (238,17±0,73), sendo estas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05) em relação aos demais grupos. Conclusão: A obesidade induzida pelo glutamato monossódico não alterou as características dos tecidos epitelial e conjuntivo da região gengival de ratos. (AU)
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of gingival tissue upon experimentally-induced obesity and periodontitis in rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were initially divided into 2 groups. Animals were subjected to intradermal injections of 4 g/kg/day Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) and 1.25 g/kg/day saline solution (control group, CTRL) in the cervical region for their first 5 days of life. At 70 days, the groups were subdivided into 2 other groups. A ligature placed around their 1st mandibular molars was used to induce periodontitis. Accordingly, a total of 4 groups were formed, with 6 animals each: ligature-free control group (CTRL); control group with ligature (LIG); ligature-free obese group (OBS); obese group with ligature (OBSLIG). After 100 days, animals were sacrificed and their right hemi-jaws were dissected for morphometric analysis. Results: The height of the gingival crest epithelium was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the groups with induced periodontitis (LIG 44.26±0.69; OBSLIG 43.30±1.23). The height of the connective tissue in the middle region was found to be lower in CTRL (237.44±7.38) and OBS groups (238.17±0.73), with statistically significant differences (p<0.05) as compared to the other groups. Conclusion: MSG-induced obesity did not change the characteristics of the gingival epithelium and connective tissues in rats. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Ratos , Doenças Periodontais , Obesidade , GengivaRESUMO
The objective of this research was to evaluate the treatment of periodontal disease and its effects on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and expression of laboratory markers related to atherosclerosis. Twenty-three healthy patients (group 1) and 21 patients with moderate to severe periodontitis (group 2) underwent evaluation of clinical periodontal parameters. The patients were submitted to CIMT measurements and laboratory evaluations at the start of the study (0 months), 6 months, and 12 months. All patients received oral hygiene instruction; patients in group 2 also underwent supragingival and subgingival scaling and root planing. A statistically significant improvement in clinical periodontal parameters occurred in both groups (P < 0.05). Improvements were more evident between the first and second evaluations and were greater in group 2. Both groups experienced a statistically significant decrease in CIMT in the first 6 months (P < 0.05). Treatments--oral hygiene instruction in group 1 and instruction plus mechanical periodontal instrumentation in group 2--were effective in improving clinical periodontal parameters of both groups and promoting reduction in CIMT at 6 months.
Assuntos
Aterosclerose/sangue , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Periodontite/terapia , Adulto , Aterosclerose/etiologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Colesterol/sangue , Raspagem Dentária , Humanos , Periodontite/complicações , Fatores de Tempo , TriglicerídeosRESUMO
Estudos epidemiológicos constatam que, no Brasil, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e o Diabetes Mellitus (DM) estão sendo reconhecidos como um importante problema de saúde pública, ocupando um percentual de 30 a 40% das causas de morbidade. Estudos também têm demonstrado uma associação entre essas doenças e patologias bucais, sugerindo que as infecções bucais podem aumentar o risco para doenças sistêmicas, mas também o portador de doenças sistêmicas pode apresentar uma susceptibilidade maior para o desenvolvimento de patologias bucais, especialmente a doença periodontal. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência de HAS e DM e a associação de ambas, de acordo com o gênero e a idade de indivíduos do município de Cascavel, por meio do Sistema HiperDia (Sistema de Cadastramento e Acompanhamento de Hipertensos e Diabéticos) do Ministério da Saúde. Os resultados obtidos permitiram identificar que no município de Cascavel existem 26450 pacientes cadastrados no Sistema HiperDia, sendo 3,29% diabéticos, 76,51% hipertensos e 20,19% diabéticos com hipertensão. O número de indivíduos do gênero feminino cadastrados é maior que o do gênero masculino e a prevalência das doenças aumenta com a idade. Conclui- se que o número de hipertensos e diabéticos cadastrados é muito menor do que os valores estimados em cidades brasileiras, sendo necessária uma pesquisa mais abrangente para demonstrar a real prevalência dessas doenças em Cascavel-PR.
Epidemiological studies find that hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) are being recognized as an important public health problem in Brazil, occupying a percentage of 30 to 40% of the causes of morbidity. Studies have also shown an association between these diseases and oral pathologies, suggesting that oral infections can increase the risk of systemic diseases, but also that systemic diseases may increase susceptibility to the development of oral diseases, especially periodontal disease. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypertension and DM, and the combination of both, according to the gender and age of individuals in Cascavel, PR, through the System of Enrollment and Follow-up of Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients (HiperDia) of the Ministry of Health. In Cascavel there were 26,450 patients enrolled in HiperDia, 3.29% being diabetics, 76,51% hypertensive, and 20,19% diabetics with hypertension. A higher number of females are enrolled than males, and the prevalence of these diseases increases with age. The number of hypertensive and diabetic patients enrolled is much lower than the estimated prevalence in Brazilian cities, requiring a larger study to demonstrate the actual prevalence of these diseases in Cascavel, PR.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Hipertensão , Sistemas de Gerenciamento de Base de Dados , Prevalência , Estratégias de Saúde NacionaisRESUMO
O agravamento da gengivite, durante a gravidez, é atribuído principalmente ao aumento dos níveis de progesterona, a qual produz dilatação e tortuosidade na microvascularização gengival, estase circulatória e susceptibilidade aumentada à irritação mecânica, todas as quais favorecem um extravasamento de fluido para os tecidos perivasculares. A gravidez afeta a severidade de áreas previamente inflamadas, mas não altera a gengiva saudável. Assim o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência do tratamento periodontal de suporte sobre o nascimento de bebês prematuros ou de baixo peso em gestantes com doença periodontal. Foram selecionadas 20 pacientes com doença periodontal diagnosticada, periodontite crônica moderada ou severa. Aleatoriamente as pacientes foram separados em 2 grupos, com 10 gestantes cada, onde todas receberam tratamento periodontal básico, sendo um grupo recebendo também a terapia periodontal de suporte e outro recebendo instrução de higiene oral durante todo o acompanhamento da gestação. Os resultados demonstraram uma redução estatisticamente significativa em todos os parâmetros, com destaque maior para o grupo 2, onde ocorreram as maiores reduções nas variações das médias dentro dos parâmetros de Profundidade de Sondagem e Nível de Inserção Clínica (p<0.05). Assim, podemos sugerir que a terapia periodontal de suporte influenciou positivamente na prevenção do nascimento de bebês prematuros ou de baixo peso em gestantes com doença periodontal.
The aggravation of gingivitis during pregnancy is mainly attributed to the increased levels of progesterone , which produces dilation and tortuosity in gingival microvasculature , circulatory stasis and increased susceptibility to mechanical irritation , all of which favor a leakage of fluid into the perivascular tissue . Pregnancy affects the severity of previously inflamed areas , but does not change the gums healthy. Thus the aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of supportive periodontal treatment on preterm birth or low birth weight in women with periodontal disease. We selected 20 patients diagnosed with periodontal disease , moderate to severe chronic periodontitis . Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups , each with 10 pregnant women , where all received basic periodontal treatment , one group also receiving supportive periodontal therapy and the other receiving oral hygiene instruction throughout the monitoring of pregnancy . The results showed a statistically significant reduction in all parameters , especially higher for group 2 , which showed the largest reductions in variations of the medium within the parameters of Probing Depth and Clinical Attachment Level (p<0.05) . Thus, we suggest that periodontal therapy support positively influenced in the prevention of preterm birth or low birth weight in women with periodontal disease.
RESUMO
Objective To identify the extension in primary health services of attributes for family and community guidance about the health of children health. Methods This was a quantitative, cross-sectional and evaluation study. We administered 548 questionnaires (Brazilian Primary Care Assessment Tool, child version) to families and/or legal guardians of children younger than 12 years of age who were received care in 24 health units. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 17.0. Results The basic public health services of the studied municipality were below what is considered ideal for primary health care with regard to the attributes of family and community guidance. Score of these attributes were 4.4 and 5.1, respectively. Scores considered satisfactory were ≥6.6. Conclusion We found that it was difficult for services to integrate families and the community in the care process. This finding reinforces the healing care culture and individual-centered care. .
Objetivo Identificar a extensão dos atributos da orientação familiar e orientação comunitária na atenção à saúde da criança nos serviços de atenção primária. Métodos Estudo quantitativo, transversal, do tipo avaliativo. Foram aplicados 548 questionários PCATool - Instrumento de Avaliação da Atenção Primária - Brasil versão criança aos familiares e/ou cuidadores de crianças menores de 12 anos atendidas em 24 unidades de saúde, sendo os dados analisados no programa SPSS 17.0. Resultados Os serviços básicos de saúde pública do município estudado possuem um percentual abaixo do considerado ideal para a atenção primária à saúde nos atributos de orientação familiar e orientação comunitária. O escore desses atributos foram 4,4 e 5,1, respectivamente, sendo considerados satisfatórios valores de escore ≥ 6,6. Conclusão Identificou-se a dificuldade dos serviços em integrarem a família e a comunidade no processo de cuidado, fortalecendo a cultura de assistência curativa e centrada no indivíduo. .
RESUMO
Atherosclerotic disease (AD) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. It expresses inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and can provoke arterial wall thickening, which can be evaluated using Doppler ultrasound. Risk factors associated with AD include diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking. More recently, periodontal disease (PD) has been identified as a factor related to AD. Periodontal disease has a high prevalence in the global population and the inflammatory process and bacterial activity at the periodontium appear to increase the risk of AD. Encouraging good oral hygiene can reduce expression of inflammatory markers of AD. A review of literature on PD, AD and inflammatory markers and the interrelationships between the two diseases was conducted using data published in articles indexed on the PUBMED, SCIELO and BIREME databases...
A doença aterosclerótica (DA) constitui uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade no mundo. A sua expressão laboral pode ser através de marcadores inflamatórios, como a proteína C reativa (PCR) e/ou o espessamento da parede arterial, que pode ser analisado pela ultrassonografia com Doppler colorido. Os fatores de risco associados à DA são o diabetes mellitus, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica, a dislipidemia e o tabagismo. Mais recentemente, a doença periodontal (DP), que tem uma elevada prevalência na população mundial, tem sido considerada um fator relacionado ao desenvolvimento da DA, em que o processo inflamatório e a atividade bacteriana no periodonto parecem aumentar o risco para a DA. A motivação da higiene oral pode diminuir a expressão dos marcadores inflamatórios da DA. Com base em dados publicados em revistas eletrônicas e indexados pelos mecanismos de busca PUBMED, SCIELO e BIREME, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre a DP e a DA, além dos marcadores inflamatórios expressos em ambas as doenças e suas possíveis inter-relações...
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aterosclerose/diagnóstico , Doenças Periodontais/fisiopatologia , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/complicações , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Doença Crônica , PrevalênciaRESUMO
AIM: It is known that atherosclerosis begins in childhood, a behaviour towards oral health care and metabolic control, since an early age, is essential for patients with cardiovascular disease. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of periodontal treatment full-mouth scaling and root planning (FMSRP), applied to children without systemic diseases, correlating with periodontal clinical and blood parameters (lipid profile and inflammatory markers). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 29 patients were divided into two groups, group 1 (14) - scaling and rot planning (SRP), group 2 (15) - FMSRP and the follow-up was conducted among 180 days. RESULTS: The results showed a significant improvement in clinical periodontal parameters (p<0.05) in both groups. In the analyzed blood parameters there was a greater evidence, with a significant improvement (p<0.05), in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), fibrinogen (FGN), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) CONCLUSIONS: Thus, we suggest that both periodontal treatments were effective in children without any systemic diseases.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Raspagem Dentária , Lipídeos/sangue , Periodontite/sangue , Periodontite/terapia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Humanos , Inflamação/sangue , Masculino , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/epidemiologia , Índice Periodontal , Periodontite/epidemiologia , Aplainamento RadicularRESUMO
AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of simvastatin, a potent antiinflammatory drug, on the progression of alveolar bone loss in an experimental model of periodontitis in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cotton ligature was used around the lower right first molar in a submarginal position in order to induce experimental periodontitis. Sixty rats were divided into 12 groups consisting of three control groups, three simvastatin groups, three ligature groups, and three ligature plus simvastatin groups. The distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar crest was determined at the mesial root surfaces of the lower right first molars by radiographic as well as profilometric analyses. RESULTS: In rats of the experimental periodontitis group (ligature), alveolar bone loss was higher compared to the control groups. However, simvastatin was associated with decreased alveolar bone loss in all treatment groups with experimental periodontitis (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Simvastatin treatment seems to be a beneficial and supporting therapeutic that favors protection against alveolar bone loss in a model of experimental periodontitis in rats.
Assuntos
Perda do Osso Alveolar/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Periodontite Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Sinvastatina/uso terapêutico , Perda do Osso Alveolar/diagnóstico por imagem , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Radiografia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
This study compared the effectiveness of 2 surgical root coverage techniques--semilunar coronally positioned flap and coronally advanced flap--using the clinical parameters of periodontal tissues from patients with Miller Class I gingival recession. Twenty patients (20-50 years of age) were selected. Basic periodontal treatment was performed, and plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and height of the attached gingiva were determined. Each patient was placed into 1 of 2 groups: Group 1 patients underwent the semilunar coronally positioned flap technique, and Group 2 patients underwent the coronally advanced flap technique. Patients were assessed for 180 days. Both groups showed significant reduction of plaque and gingival indices and an improvement in clinical attachment levels and probing depth. However, results showed the standard coronally positioned flap technique was deemed more effective due to significant clinical attachment level gains.