Bioengineered sustainable phytofabrication of anatase TiO2 -adorned g-C3N4 nanocomposites and unveiling their photocatalytic potential towards advanced environmental remediation.

The ecologically friendly properties, low-cost, and readily available titanium dioxide (TiO2) materials have made them a subject of considerable interest for numerous promising applications. Anatase TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized in the current study through the utilization of a hibiscus leaf extract and the advent of TiO2-doped g-C3N4(TiCN) nanocomposites (varying 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 1.5 mM, and 2.0 mM) by thermal polymerization. Here, the proposed study utilized multiple analytical techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, a diffraction pattern (XRD), SEM coupled with EDX analysis, TGA, and EPR, to characterize the as-prepared TiO2 nanoparticles and TiCN nanocomposites. BET analysis the adsorption-desorption isotherms of the TiCN(1.5 mM) nanocomposite, the surface area of the prepared nanocomposite is 112.287 m2/g, and the pore size is 7.056 nm. The XPS spectra support the development of the TiCN(1.5 mM) nanocomposite by demonstrating the presence of C and N elements in the nanocomposite in addition to TiO2. HRTEM images where the formation of stacked that indicates a planar, wrinkled graphitic-like structure is clearly visible. The TiCN (1.5 mM) specimen exhibited enhanced morphology, enhanced surface area, greater capacity to take in visible light, and lowered band gap when compared to g-C3N4 following z-scheme heterojunction. The sample denoted as TiCN (1.5 mM) exhibited superior performance in terms of adsorption and photocatalytic activity using rhodamine B and Bisphenol A. Furthermore, the TiCN (1.5 mM) composite exhibited satisfactory stability over four cyclic runs, indicating its potential application in minimizing the impact of organic wastewater contaminants when compared to g-C3N4.

Unleashing the visible light-exposed photocatalytic potential of V2O5/g-C3N4 nanocomposites for dye industries wastewater cleaner production.

Dealing harmful dye-containing effluent from the textile sector significantly contributes to water contamination. The persistence of these dyes in wastewater complicates traditional treatment approaches, emphasizing the necessity for efficient photocatalytic materials for dye pollution degradation. Due to its unique features, V2O5/g-C3N4 nanocomposites are discovered as promising photocatalysts in this area. The V205 nanoparticles act as electron acceptors, while g-C3N4 acts as electron donors, thus encouraging charge separation and increasing photocatalytic activity. The V2O5/g-C3N4 nanocomposites are characterized using XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, XPS, and UV-DRS. Cationic dyes, anionic dyes and mix dyes (1:1 mixture of cationic and anionic dyes) are used to test the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites. Photocatalytic activity shows that V2O5/g-C3N4 nanocomposites are more active than their precursors. The V5G-2 nanocomposite degrades anionic (Rose Bengal (85.1%) and Xylenol Orange (77.6%), cationic (Auramine O (75% and Crystal Violet (79.5%), and mixed dyes (81%), after 120 min of irradiation. This study introduces a novel technique for synthesizing V2O5/g-C3N4 nanocomposites using solvothermal and ultrasonic processes. The findings of this research provide significant knowledge for the development of photocatalysts with enhanced efficiency in the degradation of dye pollutants.

Eco-friendly phytofabrication of Ficus Benjamina L. based ZnO-doped g-C3N4 nanocomposites for remarkable photocatalysis and antibacterial applications.

The research reported here emphasizes the phytoextract route synthesized ZnO-doped g-C3N4 (GCN) for its photocatalytic activity, which helps to ensure a sustained & healthy environment. The leaf extract solution of Ficus Benjamina L. was used for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, and GCN was prepared via urea using a thermal polymerization process. The flower extract functions as both stabilizers and capping agents during the process of synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. The synthesized nanocomposites were then calcined at 400 °C and were further characterized with spectroscopy (UV-Vis), diffracted pattern (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Further, the photocatalytic activity of auramine orange (AO) and methylene blue (MB) dye from phytoextract route synthesized pure ZnO NPs, GCN-Pure, and composites with varied millimolar concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles with GCN of the constant amount was checked. After the complete analysis, it was observed that the series that was prepared of ZnO-GCN nanocomposites showed notable enhancement in the degradation pattern of the methylene blue dye. Apparently, 1.5 mmol (mM) ZnO-GCN presented greater degradation patterns for Auramine orange and Methylene blue dye as compared to other nanocomposites that were synthesized. The observed increased photocatalytic activity has a conceivable explanation. The antibacterial activity studies of the prepared nanocomposites were also performed against the E. coli strain showing an enhanced zone of inhibition towards it.

Photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of green synthesized Ag doped MgO nanocomposites towards environmental sustainability.

The utilization of MgO nanoparticles (NPs) for Photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities has gained lots of attention in recent years. Since silver is an expensive material, it's of interest to check that doping of very small concentration of silver will increase the pollutant degradation efficiency of composites. Here Aloe Vera plant extract was used for synthesis of MgO, Ag NPs and Ag/MgO-nanocomposites (NCs). Green synthesized NPs and NCs were confirmed by using different techniques like UV-Vis, BET, TGA, FTIR, PL, XRD (optical, functional, Thermal, Structural) EDX, TEM, SEM, XPS, EIS and EPR (morphological, elemental, photoelectrical and ROS) studies respectively. Then NPs and NCs were applied for the photocatalytic activity of methylene blue (MB), phenol and antimicrobial studies of E. coli bacteria. Ag/MgO-NCs showed 90.18% dye and 80.67% phenol degradation in 120 min which killed E. Coli pathogenic bacteria in 25 min under solar light irradiations. In disk diffusion methods, it inactivates 24 mm area of bacterial cell growth. Thus, among these green synthesized NPs and NCs, Ag/MgO-NCs exhibited enhanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities.

Biogenic mediated Ag/ZnO nanocomposites for photocatalytic and antibacterial activities towards disinfection of water.

The current study reports on investigation of pure ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and Ag/ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) in which Ag noble metal mixed at different concentration (0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%) in the presence of Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi) plant seed extract (PSE). The structural, optical, electrical and chemical properties of green synthesized NPs and NCs have been monitored using diffrent analytical techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, UV-Vis, FTIR, EIS and EPR. Further the antimicrobial and dye degradation activity of green synthesized pure ZnO-NPs and 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% Ag/ZnO-NCs had been examined. The result showed that synthesized 1.0% Ag/ZnO-NCs possessed a good photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity as compared to pure ZnO-NPs and other prepared Ag/ZnO-NCs. Based on the outcomes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, the improved antimicrobial and dye degradation activities of Ag/ZnO-NCs were attributed due to more ROS formation, as Ag particles on the surface of ZnO are in support of electron transfer, which could improve ROS formation by one-electron reduction of oxygen.

Silver Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride for the Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity Towards Organic Dyes.

Recently, graphitic carbon nitride has been investigated as a promising photocatalyst for organic dye degradation application. In this study, a facile strategy to synthesise silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) doped graphitic carbon nitride (GCN-Ag) has been reported. The characterisation study of the asprepared samples was performed using various analytical techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the structure of pure graphitic carbon nitride (GCN-Pure) partly changed on the addition of the AgNPs. The diffused reflectance spectra (DRS) unveiled a significant red shift in the absorption edge of GCN-Ag. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the morphological aspects of GCN-Pure changed on the addition of AgNPs. Further the as-prepared samples have been compared for their degradation activity towards organic dye pollutants including methylene blue, crystal violet and rose bengal. The phenomenon of the better separation of photogenerated charge carriers was attributed to the better photoactivity in the case of GCN-Ag than GCN-Pure. In addition to it the reusability experiment of GCN-Ag revealed that the catalyst remained highly stable after the three cyclic runs of photodegradation experiment.

Photocatalytic Activity of Green Synthesized AgCl Nanoparticles Towards E. coli Bacteria.

The present work focus on plant extracts mediated synthesis of silver chloride nanoparticles (AgCl-NPs). The AgCl-NPs were synthesized using the plant leaf extract of Origanum-majorana by one step green synthesis method. The characterization of as prepared AgCl-NPs were done by various analytical techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology and composition of AgCl-NPs was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, respectively. Further, photocatalytic activity of as prepared AgCl-NPs observed by elimination of E. coli bacteria from contaminated water under solar light irradiation and it was observed that AgCl-NPs possess a good photocatalytic activity performance against E. coli bacteria.

Photocatalytic Performance of ZnSe-rGO Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Characterization and Composition Dependence.

The ZnSe-rGO nanocomposite with various stacking of rGO by simple solvothermal route was reported along with its characterization through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy. SEM as well as TEM pictures predict that ZnSe nanoparticles were embedded on the graphene sheets with average particle size 15 nm and are well decorated on the surface of rGO sheets. Photocatalytic activity's improvement for degradation of MB by ZnSe-rGO nanocomposites was observed, which is described in term of interaction between ZnSe nanoparticles and rGO sheets and charge carrier sepatation. It is also reflected in photoluminescence and Raman studies. This plays a crucial role in minimizing electron-hole recombination through transfer of electron from ZnSe to rGO.

Effect of calcination temperature, pH and catalyst loading on photodegradation efficiency of urea derived graphitic carbon nitride towards methylene blue dye solution.

In this study, the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye was performed using urea based graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). Interestingly, it has been observed that the calcination temperature for the synthesis of g-C3N4 along with factors (pH and catalyst loading) influencing the photodegradation process, can make an impactful improvement in its photodegradation activity towards MB dye solution. The concept behind the comparatively improved photoactivity of g-C3N4 prepared at 550 °C was explored using various characterisation techniques like XRD, FTIR, SEM, BET and DRS. The FTIR and XRD patterns demonstrated that synthesis of g-C3N4 took place properly only when the calcination temperature was above 450 °C. The evolution of morphological and optical properties based on calcination temperature led to dramatically increased BET surface area and a decreased optical band gap value of g-C3N4 prepared at 550 °C. The effects of pH conditions and catalyst concentration on the MB dye degradation rate using optimally synthesised g-C3N4 are discussed. The value of the apparent rate constant was found to be 12 times more in the case of photodegradation of the MB dye using g-C3N4 prepared at 550 °C at optimum pH and catalyst loading conditions when compared with g-C3N4 prepared at 450 °C showing the lowest photoactivity potential. Further, high stability of the photocatalyst was observed for four cyclic runs of the photocatalytic reaction. Hence, g-C3N4 can be considered as a potential candidate for methylene blue photodegradation.