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1.
Int J Legal Med ; 138(3): 873-882, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38177496

RESUMO

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in forensic anthropology and genetics to identify the victim and the cause of death. The large autopsy samples from persons with traumatic causes of death but without comorbidities also offer possibilities to analyze normal histology with AI. We propose a new deep learning-based method to rapidly count glomerular number and measure glomerular density (GD) and volume in post-mortem kidney samples obtained in a forensic population. We assessed whether this new method detects glomerular differences between men and women without known kidney disease. Autopsies performed between 2009 and 2015 were analyzed if subjects were aged ≥ 18 years and had no known kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension. A large biopsy was taken from each kidney, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and scanned. An in-house developed deep learning-based algorithm counted the glomerular density (GD), number, and size. Out of 1165 forensic autopsies, 86 met all inclusion criteria (54 men). Mean (± SD) age was 43.5 ± 14.6; 786 ± 277 glomeruli were analyzed per individual. There was no significant difference in GD between men and women (2.18 ± 0.49 vs. 2.30 ± 0.57 glomeruli/mm2, p = 0.71); glomerular diameter, area, and volume also did not differ. GD correlated inversely with age, kidney weight, and glomerular area. Glomerular area and volume increased significantly with age. In this study, there were no sex differences in glomerular density or size. Considering the size of the kidney samples, the use of the presented deep learning method can help to analyze large renal autopsy biopsies and opens perspectives for the histological study of other organs.


Assuntos
Aprendizado Profundo , Nefropatias , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Caracteres Sexuais , Inteligência Artificial , Rim , Autopsia
2.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(771): 370-378, 2022 Mar 02.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35235260

RESUMO

High level albuminuria and the nephrotic syndrome are pathognomonic of glomerular renal disease and must be distinguished from other high-level proteinuria. Causes of the nephrotic syndrome are numerous and its clinical significance requires diagnostic rigor to propose targeted treatment and prevent possible complications and renal functional decline. A nephrotic syndrome can also be an early expression of potentially severe non-renal medical conditions. It should be considered in any patient with edema, regardless of age and comorbidities.


L'albuminurie de fort débit et le syndrome néphrotique sont pathognomoniques d'une atteinte rénale glomérulaire et doivent être distingués des autres protéinuries de fort débit. Les causes du syndrome néphrotique sont nombreuses et sa signification clinique impose une rigueur diagnostique afin de proposer un traitement ciblé et de prévenir d'éventuelles complications et un déclin fonctionnel rénal. Un syndrome néphrotique peut être aussi l'expression plus ou moins précoce d'affections médicales non rénales éventuellement sévères et évolutives. Il faut donc y penser chez tout patient qui présente des œdèmes, quels que soient son âge et ses comorbidités.


Assuntos
Nefropatias , Síndrome Nefrótica , Albuminúria/complicações , Albuminúria/etiologia , Humanos , Rim , Síndrome Nefrótica/complicações , Síndrome Nefrótica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Nefrótica/terapia , Proteinúria/complicações , Proteinúria/etiologia
3.
Rev Med Suisse ; 16(683): 412-416, 2020 Feb 26.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32129019

RESUMO

Over the last decades, an increasing number of cases of chronic and end-stage kidney disease has been observed in Central America and Asia. This kidney disease mainly affects young farmers without classic renal risk factors. The clinical presentation includes a progressive decrease of the glomerular filtration rate, minimal proteinuria and the presence of tubulo-interstitial nephritis at renal biopsy. A close link with global warming is suspected for this disease, called (according to its location) meso-american nephropathy, Sri Lanka nephropathy or chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology. Others have suggested that intake of water contaminated with pesticides may be responsible. This article provides an overview of this new kidney disease. Measures to prevent acute kidney injury during heat waves in Switzerland are also discussed.


Au cours des dernières décennies, on observe un nombre croissant de cas d'insuffisance rénale chronique et terminale en Amérique centrale et en Asie. Celle-ci touche surtout des jeunes agriculteurs sans autre facteur de risque rénal. La symptomatologie inclut une baisse progressive de la filtration glomérulaire, et une protéinurie minime, avec à la biopsie une néphrite tubulo-interstitielle. Un lien étroit avec le réchauffement climatique a été évoqué pour cette maladie nommée selon la région néphropathie mésoaméricaine, sri lankaise ou néphropathie d'étiologie inconnue. Une autre hypothèse est la consommation d'eau contaminée par des pesticides. Dans cet article, nous ferons le point sur cette nouvelle maladie rénale. La prévention de l'insuffisance rénale aiguë pendant les périodes de forte chaleur en Suisse est également discutée.


Assuntos
Aquecimento Global , Nefropatias/epidemiologia , Nefropatias/etiologia , Rim/patologia , Rim/fisiopatologia , América Central/epidemiologia , Humanos , Nefropatias/prevenção & controle , Falência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/etiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/prevenção & controle , Sri Lanka/epidemiologia , Suíça/epidemiologia
4.
Rev Med Suisse ; 12(529): 1468-1473, 2016 Sep 07.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28675267

RESUMO

Antibiotics are frequently prescribed in hospitalized and in outpatients. We review four important aspects for their daily prescription. In elderly patients, the prescription should take into account changes in the volume of distribution and the usual decline in renal function even in the absence of chronic kidney disease. Particular antibiotics can trigger infection with Clostridium difficile. We discuss actual and novel strategies for its prevention. Renal toxicity of antibiotics includes acute tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis and crystals obstructing renal tubule, depending on the class of antibiotics. Plasmatic levels of particular antibiotics should be measured either at trough or at peak levels depending of the antibiotic prescribed.


Les antibiotiques sont fréquemment prescrits en hospitalier et en ambulatoire. Nous revoyons quatre aspects ayant des conséquences dans la prescription au quotidien. Dans la population âgée, il convient de tenir compte du changement du volume de distribution et du déclin de la fonction rénale même en l'absence de pathologie rénale. L'infection à Clostridium difficile est favorisée par certains antibiotiques en particulier. Afin de la prévenir, nous discuterons des stratégies connues et nouvelles. La toxicité rénale se manifeste selon la classe d'antibiotiques par une nécrose tubulaire aiguë, une néphrite interstitielle ou une cristallurie entraînant une obstruction intratubulaire. Pour certains antibiotiques, la mesure des taux plasmatiques résiduels ou au pic est nécessaire.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Idoso , Antibacterianos , Clostridioides difficile , Infecções por Clostridium/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Nefrite Intersticial
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